scholarly journals Cross-Modality Information Transfer: A Hypothesis about the Relationship among Prehistoric Cave Paintings, Symbolic Thinking, and the Emergence of Language

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Miyagawa ◽  
Cora Lesure ◽  
Vitor A. Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Cave Paintings ◽  
Symbolic Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Insuperable problems of the genetic code initially emerging in an RNA World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R Wills ◽  
Charles W Carter
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Rna World ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Biological Information Processing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDifferential equations for error-prone information transfer (template replication, transcription or translation) are developed in order to consider, within the theory of autocatalysis, the advent of coded protein synthesis. Variations of these equations furnish a basis for comparing the plausibility of contrasting scenarios for the emergence of tRNA aminoacylation, ultimately by enzymes, and the relationship of this process with the origin of the universal system of molecular biological information processing embodied in the Central Dogma. The hypothetical RNA World does not furnish an adequate basis for explaining how this system came into being, but principles of self-organisation that transcend Darwinian natural selection furnish an unexpectedly robust basis for a rapid, concerted transition to genetic coding from a peptide•RNA world.

scholarly journals General Practitioners’ Barriers Toward Medication Reviews in Polymedicated Multimorbid Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233339281879216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannie Laursen ◽  
Jonatan Kornholt ◽  
Cecilie Betzer ◽  
Tonny S. Petersen ◽  
Mikkel B. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Clinical Pharmacologist ◽  
Joint Force ◽  
Medication Withdrawal ◽  
Medication Reviews ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
Multimorbid Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore whether general practitioners (GPs) experienced barriers toward medication reviews in polymedicated, multimorbid patients, and how a clinical pharmacologist with a focus on pharmacotherapy can support the GPs in an outpatient clinic. Design: The study was descriptive and exploratory and had a qualitative design with a phenomenological/hermeneutic orientation for the interviews. Participants: The study comprised 14 interviews with 14 different GPs from the Capital Region of Denmark. Results: Three themes emerged from the interviews: (1) The care of patients With polypharmacy is challenged by the lack of professional dialogue and collaboration between GPs and hospital-based clinical pharmacologists, (2) the relationship between the patients with polypharmacy and the GP is characterized by care and individual considerations, and (3) the culture encourages adding medication and inhibits dialogue about medication withdrawal even for patients with polypharmacy. Conclusion and implications for practice: This study found that the primary barriers toward multimorbid patients with polypharmacy were the need for communication and teamwork with specialists (cardiologists, neurologists, endocrinologists, etc). Often, GPs felt that the specialists at the hospitals were more concerned about following standards and guidelines regarding specific diseases instead of a more holistic patient approach. To improve management of polypharmacy patients, the GPs suggest that a joint force is necessary, a partner-like relationship with greater transparency regarding information transfer, feedback, and shared decision-making, but also more education in the pharmacological field is essential.

scholarly journals INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN LOGISTICS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION FOR COMPETITIVENESS IMPROVEMENT OF COMPANIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Integrated Supply Chain ◽  
The Relationship

Fundamental changes have occurred in today’s economy. These changes alter the relationship we have with our customers, our suppliers, our business partners and our colleagues. IT developments have presented companies with unprecedented opportunities to gain competitive advantage. So IT investment is the pre-requisite thing for each firm in order to sustain in the market. The cost of information is decreased due to the increasing rate of technologies. In an integrated supply chain where materials and information flow in a bi-directional, Manager needs to understand that information technology is more than just computers. As computing power has grown and prices have dropped, sophisticated computer resources are now within reach of even the smallest organization. Information transfer can occur instantaneously, not only within single organizations, but also between them. This capability means that data are captured and analyzed more quickly, leading to better decision making. This work aims to study the influence of Information Technologies on the competitiveness of logistics companies. That is, it intends to analyse if the adoption of Information Technologies contributes to improve costs, time and customer service. To attain this objective a content analysis methodology is used. Results indicate that there is a positive relation between the adoption of technologies, namely RFID and the competitiveness of companies. Radio frequency identification utilizes a small transmitter to send radio frequencies from pallets and cases that allow those items to be instantaneously located by the customer or the carrier [16]. As the information technologies have been considered very important for businesses it is crucial to improve our understanding on the main advantages associates with them and their contribution for competitiveness improvement of companies and supply chains, so this paper represents an important contribution for academics in this field.

scholarly journals Spatial information transfer in hippocampal place cells depends on trial-to-trial variability, symmetry of place-field firing and biophysical heterogeneities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Roy ◽  
Rishikesh Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Place Field ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Spatial Tuning ◽  
Model Tuning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe relationship between the feature-tuning curve and information transfer profile of individual neurons provides vital insights about neural encoding. However, the relationship between the spatial tuning curve and spatial information transfer of hippocampal place cells remains unexplored. Here, employing a stochastic search procedure spanning thousands of models, we arrived at 127 conductance-based place-cell models that exhibited signature electrophysiological characteristics and sharp spatial tuning, with parametric values that exhibited neither clustering nor strong pairwise correlations. We introduced trial-to-trial variability in responses and computed model tuning curves and information transfer profiles, using stimulus-specific (SSI) and mutual (MI) information metrics, across locations within the place field. We found spatial information transfer to be heterogeneous across models, but to reduce consistently with increasing degrees of variability. Importantly, whereas reliable low-variability responses implied that maximal information transfer occurred at high-slope regions of the tuning curve, increase in variability resulted in maximal transfer occurring at the peak-firing location in a subset of models. Moreover, experience-dependent asymmetry in place-field firing introduced asymmetries in the information transfer computed through MI, but not SSI, and the impact of activity-dependent variability on information transfer was minimal compared to activity-independent variability. Biophysically, we unveiled a many-to-one relationship between different ion channels and information transfer, and demonstrated critical roles for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, transient potassium and dendritic sodium channels in regulating information transfer. Our results emphasize the need to account for trial-to-trial variability, tuning-curve shape and biological heterogeneities while assessing information transfer, and demonstrate ion-channel degeneracy in the regulation of spatial information transfer.

CEO board membership: implications for firm value

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-370
Author(s):  
Michelle Li ◽  
Helen Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Board Membership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relation between CEO board membership and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates the relationship between firm performance and CEO board membership, applying two-stage least squares, propensity score matching and correcting for self-selection bias across a unique sample of publicly listed New Zealand firms that demonstrate a definitive variation in CEO board membership. Findings This study finds that CEO board membership has a positive impact on firm performance, and these benefits are greater for more complex firms. Research limitations/implications Firms with CEOs independent of the board are associated with lower firm performance. The results are consistent with CEO board members providing an important information transfer mechanism to the board, resulting in an increase in average firm performance. This benefit is greater for larger firms with more business segments. Originality/value The paper tests for the impact of CEO board membership using a data set that demonstrates a definitive variation in CEO board membership.

Testing the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Soldier Performance Under Increasing Task Demand

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (24) ◽  
pp. 2119-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Burke ◽  
J. Szalma ◽  
T. Oron-Gilad ◽  
A. Duley ◽  
P.A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Performance Effectiveness ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Processing Efficiency Theory ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

Combat is inherently a demanding situation which may increase stress, heighten arousal, and increase anxiety. The Processing Efficiency Theory (PET) was specifically developed to account for how anxiety influences performance. Therefore, the PET provides a potential theory to explain the positive and negative changes in performance in a combat environment. This study is the first attempt to examine PET in the military domain. Using the Small Arms Simulator Testbed (SAST), we investigated the relationship between processing efficiency and performance, considering mental workload, stress, and anxiety effects. Shooting performance effectiveness measures were target acquisition and friend/foe discrimination. Changes in processing efficiency were manipulated by varying degrees of working memory demand and sustained information transfer. The results indicated that shooting performance and processing efficiency, as well as mental workload demands, decreased as the global demand of both tasks increased. Further analyses for anxiety and stress and future directions are discussed.

Analysis of Multilevel Screened Image Based on Informatics

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jie Ouyang ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Shi Long Pang ◽  
Ru Yue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Information Entropy ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Information Channel ◽  
Image Reproduction ◽  
Dot Density ◽  
The Relationship

With the technical progress in the fields of imaging and printing device, multilevel imaging and screening technologies are applied increasingly. The application of these technologies in printing field, which is as an information channel, can expand capability of information transfer. In order to obtain the characteristics of information transfer in image reproduction, in which multilevel screening technology is applied, the relationship among optical density, dot area and dot density is constructed. According to the basic definitions of information content and of information entropy, the relationship between information content/entropy and gray levels of screening dot is analyzed. Furthermore, multilevel FM screening images, which are with 4 levels, 8 levels and 16 levels and generated by a program, are analyzed and compared with bi-level screened images. The results show, that under lower imaging resolution, multilevel screening can achieve higher count of tone levels and information entropy. It is significant for the improvement of the capability of information transfer and reproduction quality of image.

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