scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence for the Impact of Combat Experiences on Gray Matter Volume of the Posterior Insula

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Clausen ◽  
Sandra A. Billinger ◽  
Jason-Flor V. Sisante ◽  
Hideo Suzuki ◽  
Robin L. Aupperle
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of MRI T1 Hypointense Brain Lesions on Cerebral Deep Gray Matter Volume Measures in Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korhan Buyukturkoglu ◽  
Enricomaria Mormina ◽  
Philip L. Jager ◽  
Claire S. Riley ◽  
Victoria M. Leavitt
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Deep Gray Matter ◽  
The Impact

The impact of CACNA1C allelic variation on regional gray matter volume in Chinese population

2016 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Huang ◽  
Yin Mo ◽  
Xuejin Sun ◽  
Hualin Yu ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Developmental Patterning of Irritability Enhances Prediction of Psychopathology in Pre-adolescence: Improving RDoC with Developmental Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. F. Damme ◽  
Lauren S. Wakschlag ◽  
Margaret J. Briggs-Gowan ◽  
Elizabeth S. Norton ◽  
Vijay A. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
School Age ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Impact

AbstractResearch has demonstrated the transdiagnostic importance of irritability in psychopathology pathways but the contribution of developmentally-unfolding patterns has only recently been explored. To address this question, irritability patterns of 110 youth from a large and diverse early childhood cohort were assessed at preschool age and at school age (∼2.5 years later) with a dimensional irritability scale designed to capture the normal:abnormal spectrum. Participants then returned at Pre-adolescence (∼6 years later) for an assessment with a structured clinical interview (internalizing/externalizing symptoms) and a magnetic resonance imaging scan. When only preschool age irritability was considered, this was a transdiagnostic predictor of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, a model including both preschool and school age irritability provided a more nuanced picture. A high preschool and decreasing school age profile of irritability predicted elevated pre-adolescence internalizing symptoms, potentially reflecting emerging coping/internalizing behavior in pre-adolescence. In contrast, a stable irritability profile across these timepoints predicted increased pre-adolescence externalizing symptoms. Further, preschool irritability (a period of rapid growth) did not predict pre-adolescent gray matter volume abnormality, an indicator of transdiagnostic clinical risk. However, irritability at school age (when gray matter volume growth is largely finished) demonstrated an interactive effect among regions; increased school age irritability predicted reduced volume in pre-adolescence emotional regions (e.g., amygdala, medial orbitofrontal cortex) and increased volume in other regions (e.g., cerebellum). Expanding the impact of RDoC’s approach yielding transdiagnostic phenotypes and multiple units of analysis, a developmentally informed approach provides critical new insights into the complex unfolding of mechanisms underlying emerging psychopathology.

scholarly journals Calendar age and puberty-related development of regional gray matter volume and white matter tracts during adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaka Ando ◽  
Peter Parzer ◽  
Michael Kaess ◽  
Susanne Schell ◽  
Romy Henze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
White Matter Tract ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Adolescence is a critical time for brain development. Findings from previous studies have been inconsistent, failing to distinguish the influence of pubertal status and aging on brain maturation. The current study sought to address these inconsistencies, addressing the trajectories of pubertal development and aging by longitudinally tracking structural brain development during adolescence. Methods Two cohorts of healthy children were recruited (cohort 1: 9–10 years old; cohort 2: 12–13 years old at baseline). MRI data were acquired for gray matter volume and white matter tract measures. To determine whether age, pubertal status, both or their interaction best modelled longitudinal data, we compared four multi-level linear regression models to the null model (general brain growth indexed by total segmented volume) using Bayesian model selection. Results Data were collected at baseline (n = 116), 12 months (n = 97) and 24 months (n = 84) after baseline. Findings demonstrated that the development of most regional gray matter volume, and white matter tract measures, were best modelled by age. Interestingly, precentral and paracentral regions of the cortex, as well as the accumbens demonstrated significant preference for the pubertal status model. None of the white matter tract measures were better modelled by pubertal status. Limitations: The major limitation of this study is the two-cohort recruitment. Although this allowed a faster coverage of the age span, a complete per person trajectory over 6 years of development (9–15 years) could not be investigated. Conclusions Comparing the impact of age and pubertal status on regional gray matter volume and white matter tract measures, we found age to best predict longitudinal changes. Further longitudinal studies investigating the differential influence of puberty status and age on brain development in more diverse samples are needed to replicate the present results and address mechanisms underlying norm-variants in brain development.

scholarly journals Neurostructural correlates of hope: dispositional hope mediates the impact of the SMA gray matter volume on subjective well-being in late adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Wang ◽  
Yajun Zhao ◽  
Jingguang Li ◽  
Han Lai ◽  
Chen Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Dispositional Hope ◽  
Neurobiological Substrates ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract There has been increasing interest in identifying factors to predict subjective well-being in the emerging field of positive psychology over the past two decades. Dispositional hope, which reflects one’s goal-directed tendencies, including both pathway thinking (planning to meet goals) and agency thinking (goal-directed determination), has emerged as a stable predictor for subjective well-being. However, the neurobiological substrates of dispositional hope and the brain-hope mechanism for predicting subjective well-being remain unclear. Here, we examined these issues in 231 high school graduates within the same grade by estimating cortical gray matter volume (GMV) utilizing a voxel-based morphometry method based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain regression analyses and prediction analyses showed that higher dispositional hope was stably associated with greater GMV in the left supplementary motor area (SMA). Furthermore, mediation analyses revealed that dispositional hope mediated the relation between left SMA volume and subjective well-being. Critically, our results were obtained after adjusting for age, sex, family socioeconomic status and total GMV. Altogether, our study presents novel evidence for the neuroanatomical basis of dispositional hope and suggests an underlying indirect effect of dispositional hope on the link between brain gray matter structure and subjective well-being.

The gray matter volume in superior frontal gyrus mediates the impact of reflection on emotion in Internet gaming addicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 111269
Author(s):  
Chenggong Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Zhang ◽  
Liping Che ◽  
Yuyan Wu ◽  
Haoyue Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Relationship Between Oxytocin Levels and Brain Volume in Anorexia Nervosa Compared to Healthy Controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A633-A634
Author(s):  
Clara Odilia Sailer ◽  
Lauren Breithaupt ◽  
Amanda E Lyall ◽  
Brynn Vessey ◽  
Franziska Plessow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Food Motivation ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hippocampus Volume

Abstract Background: A disruption in food motivation pathways has been described in females with anorexia nervosa (AN), a psychiatric disorder characterized by food restriction despite low weight. We have shown that in AN and healthy controls (HC), levels of oxytocin (OXT), a hormone involved in lactation, social behavior and weight regulation, decrease after a meal. In HC, we identified a relationship between postprandial change in OXT and subjective appetite, yet this association was absent in females with AN, suggesting a disconnect between OXT and appetite regulation in AN. Prior studies have shown that gray matter volume of the amygdala and hippocampus, areas rich in OXT receptors, correlate with OXT levels in HC. Furthermore, these regions play a central role in food reward and decreased volume has been reported in AN. We hypothesized that the relationship between postprandial change in OXT and amygdala and hippocampal gray matter volume would differ between AN and HC. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 51 females (23 restrictive AN; 28 HC). We drew blood for OXT levels fasting and 60 min after a standard meal and performed T1-weighted MRI scans of the brain in the fasted state. MRI data was quality controlled and processed with FreeSurfer. Average gray matter brain volumes were extracted from the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus for each subject. Linear regression models were used to determine differences between AN and HC of postprandial percent change in OXT on amygdala and hippocampus gray matter volume. Results: Median [IQR] age was higher in females with AN (20.6 years [19.3, 21.5]) than HC (18.8 years [IQR 17.6, 20.3], p=0.02), and percentage of ideal body weight was lower in AN (75.5%) than HC (97.4%, p<0.01). Right hippocampus volume, adjusted for age and total intracranial volume, was significantly lower in AN (estimated difference -188 dm3 [95%-CI -360, -17], p=0.04). Percent change in OXT was not different (p=0.5) but there was a trend for a positive interaction effect (p=0.08) for AN and percent change in OXT on right hippocampus volume. Posthoc exploratory analysis indicated a positive correlation in AN (R2=0.41, p=0.02) and no correlation in HC (R2=0.17,p=0.4) between percent change in OXT and right hippocampus volume. There was no significant between group difference in volume nor postprandial change in OXT for the bilateral amygdala or left hippocampus between groups. Discussion: Our results indicate smaller right hippocampus volume and a trend towards a positive association with postprandial change in OXT in AN compared to HC. Future studies will be important to better define the relationships between OXT secretion and food motivation brain regions and the impact on eating behavior in AN.

scholarly journals Adolescent Binge Drinking is Associated with Accelerated Decline of Gray Matter Volume

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Infante ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
T. Brumback ◽  
S.A. Brown ◽  
I.M. Colrain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Binge Drinkers ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adolescent Brain Development

AbstractThe age- and time-dependent effects of binge-drinking on adolescent brain development have not been well characterized even though binge drinking is a health crisis among adolescents. The impact of binge drinking on gray matter volume development was examined using longitudinal data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). Non-binge drinkers (n=177) were matched to binge drinkers (n=164) on potential confounders. Number of binge drinking episodes in the past year was linked to decreased volumes for total gray matter, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes (ps<.001). Interactions of binge drinking episodes and age demonstrated stronger effects in younger subjects for total gray matter, frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes (ps<.001). Subsequent models included binge drinking coded in multiple ways. Models sensitive to number of episodes and temporal proximity to outcomes provided the best fits. Declines in gray matter volume association with binge drinking are potentially related to changes in cognition frequently reported among binge drinking adolescents. Results underscore the potential importance of delaying initiation of binge drinking and provide evidence for a dose-response relationship of binge drinking to gray matter decline. Temporally proximal binge drinking was associated more strongly with gray matter decline, suggesting the potential for recovery.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical Moderators of the Impact of Mild Behavioral Impairment on Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 707-707
Author(s):  
Hillary Rouse ◽  
Brent Small
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Cortical Gray Matter ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Older adults with mild behavioral impairment (MBI), or the presence of late-life neuropsychiatric symptoms, have a unique cognitive phenotype. However, the neural correlates associated with MBI-related cognitive changes is not well understood. The goal of this study is to examine if specific regions of the brain moderate the relationship between the presence of MBI and performance on tasks of cognition. Data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center was utilized for this study. Participants (N=1,451) were included in our analyses if they were cognitively healthy or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Multiple domains of cognitive performance were evaluated. The neuroanatomical regions included hippocampus, caudal anterior cingulate (ACC), rostral ACC, entorhinal, and parahippocampal gray matter volume; and caudal ACC, rostral ACC, entorhinal, and parahippocampal mean cortical thickness. Hippocampal, entorhinal, and parahippocampal cortical gray matter volume moderated the relationship between MBI and performance on tasks of episodic memory. Left rostral ACC cortical gray matter volume and entorhinal and parahippocampal mean cortical thickness moderated the relationship between MBI and performance on language tasks. Hippocampi cortical gray matter volume also moderated the relationship between MBI and performance on processing speed tasks. Persons with smaller brain sizes in these areas were more negatively affected in these cognitive domains if they had MBI. These results suggest that the association between smaller brain volumes and cognition was stronger among persons with MBI. These findings suggest that older adults with MBI may perform worse on these tasks due to neurodegeneration that is present.

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