scholarly journals Red Roses and Gift Chocolates Are Judged More Positively in the U.S. Near Valentine’s Day: Evidence of Naturally Occurring Cultural Priming

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Zayas ◽  
Gayathri Pandey ◽  
Joshua Tabak
Keyword(s):  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cultural Priming ◽  
Valentine's Day ◽  
The U.S

A Basalt Glass Standard for Multiple Micro Analytical Techniques

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
G.P. Meeker ◽  
J.E. Taggart ◽  
S.A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Geological Materials ◽  
Basalt Glass ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Analytical Standards ◽  
The U.S

Well-characterized calibration standards for microanalytical applications are difficult to obtain, often poorly characterized, and often not homogeneous from piece to piece. In addition, many microanalytical standards are available only in very small quantities making inter-laboratory comparisons difficult. To further complicate the situation, destructive microbeam techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and laser source mass spectrometries (LSMS) require larger quantities of material than nondestructive techniques.The U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division is in the process of evaluating ways to produce relatively large quantities of well-characterized standards. We are interested in producing standards of geological materials appropriate for multiple microbeam techniques including electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), SIMS and LSMS. The microbeam standards are produced by melting powders of standards of naturally occurring materials that the USGS has previously provided as bulk analytical standards.

Pooling of Laying Hen Environmental Swabs and Efficacy of Salmonella Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-950
Author(s):  
DEANA R. JONES ◽  
RICHARD K. GAST ◽  
PRAFULLA REGMI ◽  
GARRETT E. WARD ◽  
KENNETH E. ANDERSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

ABSTRACT Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis is required for U.S. shell egg producers with ≥3,000 hens on a farm. The egg producer assumes all costs for the mandatory testing. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Egg Rule, either manure scraper or drag swabs can be collected according to published guidelines and requirements. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of Salmonella detection with one-, two-, and four-swab pools of either manure scraper or drag swabs. Resistant isolates of Salmonella serovars Enteritidis (1,000 ppm of streptomycin), Heidelberg (200 ppm of nalidixic acid [NA]), Typhimurium (200 ppm of NA), and Kentucky (200 ppm of NA) were utilized. Low (approximately 8.4 CFU) and high (approximately 84 CFU) levels of inocula were introduced onto a single swab within a pool. Single flocks from each conventional cage (manure scraper swabs) and cage-free barn (drag swabs) were monitored throughout the study at the ages required under the FDA Egg Rule. The highest and most consistent recovery of inoculum was found in single swab samples. For low dose inocula, recovery of isolates was low from single manure scraper swabs (57.9 to 29.2%) and decreased as more swabs were added to the pool. Recovery of isolates from manure scraper swabs was higher for high dose inocula, although Salmonella Heidelberg was outcompeted by the naturally occurring flora and had the lowest rate of recovery among the isolates tested. One- and two-swab pools of drag swabs had similar rates of recovery at both low and high doses for Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Salmonella Typhimurium. When Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky were combined in an inoculum, Salmonella Enteritidis was recovered at a much higher rate than was Salmonella Kentucky for all types of swabs and doses of inocula. Pooling of two drag swabs allowed for similar detection of low and high dose Salmonella, but the pooling of manure scraper swabs decreased detection of low dose Salmonella. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Lactic acid production to purification: A review

BioResources ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4364-4383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Komesu ◽  
Johnatt Allan Rocha de Oliveira ◽  
Luiza Helena da Silva Martins ◽  
Maria Regina Wolf Maciel ◽  
Rubens Maciel Filho
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemical ◽  
Acid Properties ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The U.S

Lactic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid that can be used in a wide variety of industries, such as the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and, most recently, the medical industries. It can be made by the fermentation of sugars obtained from renewable resources, which means that it is an eco-friendly product that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In 2010, the U.S. Department of Energy issued a report that listed lactic acid as a potential building block for the future. Bearing the importance of lactic acid in mind, this review summarizes information about lactic acid properties and applications, as well as its production and purification processes.

Presence and Growth of Bacillus cereus in Dehydrated Potato Flakes and Hot-Held, Ready-to-Eat Potato Products Purchased in New Zealand

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLA J. TURNER ◽  
ROSEMARY WHYTE ◽  
J. ANDREW HUDSON ◽  
SUSAN L. KALTOVEI
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Potato Flakes ◽  
Potato Products ◽  
Holding Temperature ◽  
The U.S

Potato products prepared from dehydrated potato flakes have been implicated in foodborne illness incidents involving Bacillus cereus intoxications. B. cereus can survive as spores in potato flakes and can germinate and multiply in the rehydrated product. This study assessed the frequency and concentration of B. cereus in dehydrated potato flakes and hot-held, ready-toeat mashed potato products. Of 50 packets of potato flakes tested, eight contained greater than 100 CFU/g B. cereus (maximum 370 CFU/g). The temperature of the potato portion of 44 hot-held food products was measured immediately after purchase, and 86% were below the safe hot-holding temperature of 60°C. The potato portions were subsequently tested for B. cereus. Only two of the potato portions contained B. cereus at greater than 100 CFU/g, a potato-topped pastry (1,000 CFU/g) and a container of potato and gravy (120 CFU/g). To assess multiplication of B. cereus in this food, we held rehydrated potato flakes with naturally occurring B. cereus at 37, 42, and 50°C and tested them over 6 h. By 6 h, the number of B. cereus in potato stored at 37°C had exceeded 103 CFU/g, was greater than 104 CFU/g at 50°C, and was close to 106 CFU/g at 42°C. Growth data were compared to predictions from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP 7.0). The PMP predictions were found to simulate the measured growth better at 42°C than at 37°C. Hot-held potato products should be safe for consumption if held at 60°C or above or discarded within 2 h.

scholarly journals SORBIC ACID AND GARLIC PRODUCTS

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 880e-880
Author(s):  
Foong M. Koh ◽  
Gloria B. McClure ◽  
Paul W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Powder Component ◽  
Original Product ◽  
The U.S

In Summer 2003, sorbic acid was detected in a processed Louisiana product that had been shipped internationally. This discovery caused the food product to be rejected by the foreign market since sorbic acid was not declared on the label. The source was eventually traced by an analytical lab to a garlic powder component used in the product. Subsequent evaluations by the lab of fresh and dried garlic products obtained from stores indicated sorbic acid. The presence of sorbic acid suggested that it might either be a contaminant or a previously unreported naturally occurring component of garlic. To determine which was more likely, 12 garlic varieties were planted in Baton Rouge, La., during September 2003 and harvested the following spring. In addition to this harvested garlic, fresh garlic, garlic juice and garlic powder were purchased in May 2004 from three local stores. All these samples plus the original product were analyzed for sorbic acid using spectrophotometry and HPLC methods at the LSU Horticulture Dept. None of the samples contained measurable quantities of sorbic acid except for the original product. Since there appears to be no naturally occurring sorbic acid in garlic, it is likely that at least a portion of the fresh and processed garlic distributed in the U.S. during 2003 may have been adulterated with sorbic acid.

The Product of Nature Doctrine in the Myriad Saga II

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-417
Author(s):  
Emanuela Gambini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Pathology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Note ◽  
United States Patent ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Myriad Genetics ◽  
States Patent ◽  
The U.S

In June 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Association for Molecular Pathology et al. v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., et al., holding that “a naturally occurring DNA segment is a product of nature and not patent eligible merely because it has been isolated, but cDNA is patent eligible because it is not naturally occurring”.This case note gives an overview of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision, which is focused on the product of nature doctrine, and discusses its implications for the implementation of the criterion of isolation to DNA sequences and the United States Patent and Trademark Office's long-standing practice of granting patents on isolated DNA sequences (author's headnote).

scholarly journals Promising Aging in Community Models in the U.S.: Village, Naturally Occurring Retirement Community (NORC), Cohousing, and University-Based Retirement Community (UBRC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142110154
Author(s):  
Su-I Hou ◽  
Xian Cao
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Retirement Community ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Aging In Community ◽  
The U.S

Aging in Community (AIC) is the preferred way to age. This systematic review identified promising AIC models in the U.S. and analyzed model characteristics and push-pull factors from older adults’ perspectives. Push factors are those driving older adults to leave, while pull factors attract them to stay in a community. We conducted a two-phase search strategy using eight databases. Phase I identified promising AIC models and Phase II expanded each specific model identified. Fifty-two of 244 screened articles met the criteria and were analyzed. We identified four promising AIC models with the potential to achieve person-environment (P-E) fit, including village, naturally occurring retirement community (NORC), cohousing, and university-based retirement community (UBRC). Each has a unique way of helping older adults with their aging needs. Similar and unique push-pull factors of each AIC model were discussed. Analyses showed that pull factors were mostly program factors while push factors were often individual circumstances. Continued research is needed to address the challenges of recruiting minority older adults and those of lower socio-economic status, meeting older adults’ diverse and dynamic needs, and conducting comparative studies to share lessons learned across the globe.

When boundaries are crossed: Evaluating language attrition data from two perspectives

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA SCHMITT
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
Language Attrition ◽  
Activation Threshold ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Common ◽  
The U.S

This study provides an account for a long-term selective loss of L1 (Russian) morpho-syntactic and content components in early immigrants to the U.S. The analysis of naturally occurring data is carried out from the perspective of two theoretical approaches – three models developed within language contact (Myers-Scotton 2002, 2005) and the Activation Threshold hypothesis as a component of a neurolinguistic approach to bilingualism (Paradis, 2004, 2007). The results show that the language contact approach is useful in identifying morpheme types that are most vulnerable to attrition. The second approach helps explain the differential rate of loss of content morphemes in a variety of topics and account for variability in the rate of attrition of late system morphemes through frequency factors. The study demonstrates that by crossing the boundaries of one theory and one view of language researchers can achieve a stronger explanatory power and identify the common and complementary features that both models provide.

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