scholarly journals Psychological Restoration Can Depend on Stimulus-Source Attribution: A Challenge for the Evolutionary Account?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Haga ◽  
Niklas Halin ◽  
Mattias Holmgren ◽  
Patrik Sörqvist
Keyword(s):  
Source Attribution ◽  
Evolutionary Account ◽  
Stimulus Source

scholarly journals Burden of foodborne disease in the Netherlands: from science to policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mughini Gras
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Animal Contact

Abstract In the Netherlands, the Ministry of Health mandates the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) to provide annual updates of the number of illnesses, disease burden and cost-of-illness caused by an agreed-upon standard panel of 14 enteric pathogens. These pathogens are mainly transmitted by food, but also via direct contact with animals, environment-mediated and human-to-human transmission routes. The disease burden is expressed in DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years), a metric integrating morbidity and mortality into one unit. Furthermore, the cost-of-illness (COI) related to these 14 pathogens is estimated and expressed in euros. The COI estimates include healthcare costs, the costs for the patient and/or his family, such as travel expenses, as well as costs in other sectors, for example due to productivity losses. Moreover, using different approaches to source attribution, the estimated DALYs and associated COI estimates are attributed to five major transmission pathways (i.e. food, environment, direct animal contact, human-human transmission, and travel) and 11 food groups within the foodborne pathway itself. The most recent DALY and COI estimates referring to the year 2018 show that the 14 pathogens in question are cumulatively responsible for about 11,000 DALYs and €426 million costs for the Dutch population in 2018, with a share for foodborne transmission being estimated at 4,300 DALYs and €171 million costs, which is comparable to previous years. These estimates have been providing vital insights for policy making as to guide public health interventions and resource allocation for over two decades in the Netherlands. Herewith, the approach and outcomes of the burden of disease and COI estimates in the Netherlands will be presented, with a focus on how these estimates enable policy-makers and the scientific community to monitor trends, generate scientific hypotheses, and undertake public health actions.

Identification and source attribution of halocarbon emitters with longwave-infrared spectral imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 112398
Author(s):  
David M. Tratt ◽  
Kerry N. Buckland ◽  
Eric R. Keim ◽  
Jeffrey L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Infrared Spectral

scholarly journals A NEW RAMPED PYROXIDATION/COMBUSTION FACILITY AT 14CHRONO, BELFAST: SETUP DESCRIPTION AND INITIAL RESULTS

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Evelyn M Keaveney ◽  
Gerard T Barrett ◽  
Kerry Allen ◽  
Paula J Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
Consensus Values ◽  
Background Material ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Blank Correction ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACT The Belfast Ramped Pyroxidation/Combustion (RPO/RC) facility was established at the 14CHRONO Centre (Queen’s University Belfast). The facility was created to provide targeted analysis of bulk material for refined chronological analysis and carbon source attribution for a range of sample types. Here we report initial RPO results, principally on background material, but also including secondary standards that are routinely analyzed at 14CHRONO. A description of our setup, methodology, and background (blank) correction method for the system are provided. The backgrounds (anthracite, spar calcite, Pargas marble) reported by the system are in excess of 35,000 14C years BP with a mean age of 39,345 14C years BP (1σ = 36,497–43,800 years BP, N=44) with F14C = 0.0075 ± 0.0032. Initial results for standards are also in good agreement with consensus values: TIRI-B pine radiocarbon age = 4482 ± 47 years BP (N=13, consensus = 4508 years BP); IAEA-C6 ANU Sucrose F14C= 1.5036 ± 0.0034 (N=10, consensus F14C = 1.503). These initial tests have allowed problematic issues to be identified and improvements made for future analyses.

The Value of Explaining the Process: How Journalistic Transparency and Perceptions of News Media Importance Can (Sometimes) Foster Message Credibility and Engagement Intentions

2021 ◽  
pp. 107769902110129
Author(s):  
Jason T. Peifer ◽  
Jared Meisinger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
News Media ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
National Newspaper ◽  
Indirect Relationship

This research highlights mechanisms underlying transparency’s influence on news engagement, as contingent upon perceptions of the news media’s importance (PNMI). Employing an experimental design with randomized exposure to a transparency feature and contrasting source (regional vs. national newspaper) attributions, the study provides evidence of transparency fostering increased message credibility and (indirectly) news engagement. Transparency’s indirect relationship with engagement intentions was shown to be strongest when average/high in PNMI. Notably, transparency’s effect did not vary by source attribution and was demonstrated with only one of the two stories featured in the study—further highlighting limitations of transparency as a solution for declining news trust and engagement.

An Economic and Jurisprudential Genealogy of Corporate Law. By Michael J. Whincop. [Aldershot: Ashgate. 2001. xviii, 222, (Bibliography) 20 and (Index) 5 pp. Hardback £45. ISBN 1–84014–773–3.]

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-492
Author(s):  
John Armour
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Law ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Economic Methodology ◽  
Evolutionary Account ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Intuitive Appeal ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

Economic analysis has recently gained a high profile in English company law scholarship, not least through its employment by the Law Commissions and its resonance with the Company Law Review. This approach has taught us much about how company law functions in relation to the marketplace. Whincop’s book is, however, the first attempt to use economic methodology not only to explain how the law functions, but also to provide an evolutionary account of why the history of English company law followed the path it did. The result is a thesis that, whilst complex, has a powerful intuitive appeal for those familiar with Victorian company law judgments.

scholarly journals Tracing Melioidosis Back to the Source: Using Whole-Genome Sequencing To Investigate an Outbreak Originating from a Contaminated Domestic Water Supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1144-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan McRobb ◽  
Derek S. Sarovich ◽  
Erin P. Price ◽  
Mirjam Kaestli ◽  
Mark Mayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Environmental Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Groundwater Supply

Melioidosis, a disease of public health importance in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, is caused by the Gram-negative soil bacillusBurkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is typically acquired through environmental exposure, and case clusters are rare, even in regions where the disease is endemic.B. pseudomalleiis classed as a tier 1 select agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; from a biodefense perspective, source attribution is vital in an outbreak scenario to rule out a deliberate release. Two cases of melioidosis within a 3-month period at a residence in rural northern Australia prompted an investigation to determine the source of exposure.B. pseudomalleiisolates from the property's groundwater supply matched the multilocus sequence type of the clinical isolates. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the water supply as the probable source of infection in both cases, with the clinical isolates differing from the likely infecting environmental strain by just one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) each. For the first time, we report a phylogenetic analysis of genomewide insertion/deletion (indel) data, an approach conventionally viewed as problematic due to high mutation rates and homoplasy. Our whole-genome indel analysis was concordant with the SNP phylogeny, and these two combined data sets provided greater resolution and a better fit with our epidemiological chronology of events. Collectively, this investigation represents a highly accurate account of source attribution in a melioidosis outbreak and gives further insight into a frequently overlooked reservoir ofB. pseudomallei. Our methods and findings have important implications for outbreak source tracing of this bacterium and other highly recombinogenic pathogens.

scholarly journals An evolutionary account of vigilance in grief

2017 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire White ◽  
Daniel M T Fessler
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Account
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