scholarly journals Electroencephalography (EEG) Measures of Neural Connectivity in the Assessment of Brain Responses to Salient Auditory Stimuli in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Lord ◽  
Jolanta Opacka-Juffry
Keyword(s):  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Brain Responses

Spatial and Cross-Modal Attention Alter Responses to Unattended Sensory Information in Early Visual and Auditory Human Cortex

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 2399-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian M. Ciaramitaro ◽  
Giedrius T. Buračas ◽  
Geoffrey M. Boynton
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Brain Responses

Attending to a visual or auditory stimulus often requires irrelevant information to be filtered out, both within the modality attended and in other modalities. For example, attentively listening to a phone conversation can diminish our ability to detect visual events. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain responses to visual and auditory stimuli while subjects attended visual or auditory information. Although early cortical areas are traditionally considered unimodal, we found that brain responses to the same ignored information depended on the modality attended. In early visual area V1, responses to ignored visual stimuli were weaker when attending to another visual stimulus, compared with attending to an auditory stimulus. The opposite was true in more central visual area MT+, where responses to ignored visual stimuli were weaker when attending to an auditory stimulus. Furthermore, fMRI responses to the same ignored visual information depended on the location of the auditory stimulus, with stronger responses when the attended auditory stimulus shared the same side of space as the ignored visual stimulus. In early auditory cortex, responses to ignored auditory stimuli were weaker when attending a visual stimulus. A simple parameterization of our data can describe the effects of redirecting attention across space within the same modality (spatial attention) or across modalities (cross-modal attention), and the influence of spatial attention across modalities (cross-modal spatial attention). Our results suggest that the representation of unattended information depends on whether attention is directed to another stimulus in the same modality or the same region of space.

scholarly journals Klinefelter syndrome has increased brain responses to auditory stimuli and motor output, but not to visual stimuli or Stroop adaptation

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Wallentin ◽  
Anne Skakkebæk ◽  
Anders Bojesen ◽  
Jens Fedder ◽  
Peter Laurberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Brain Responses

scholarly journals The Paternal Brain in Action: A Review of Human Fathers’ fMRI Brain Responses to Child-Related Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Livio Provenzi ◽  
Johanna Lindstedt ◽  
Kris De Coen ◽  
Linda Gasparini ◽  
Denis Peruzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Developmental Psychobiology ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
Study Designs

As fathers are increasingly involved in childcare, understanding the neurological underpinnings of fathering has become a key research issue in developmental psychobiology research. This systematic review specifically focused on (1) highlighting methodological issues of paternal brain research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and (2) summarizing findings related to paternal brain responses to auditory and visual infant stimuli. Sixteen papers were included from 157 retrieved records. Sample characteristics (e.g., fathers’ and infant’s age, number of kids, and time spent caregiving), neuroimaging information (e.g., technique, task, stimuli, and processing), and main findings were synthesized by two independent authors. Most of the reviewed works used different stimuli and tasks to test fathers’ responses to child visual and/or auditory stimuli. Pre-processing and first-level analyses were performed with standard pipelines. Greater heterogeneity emerged in second-level analyses. Three main cortical networks (mentalization, embodied simulation, and emotion regulation) and a subcortical network emerged linked with fathers’ responses to infants’ stimuli, but additional areas (e.g., frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex) were also responsive to infants’ visual or auditory stimuli. This review suggests that a distributed and complex brain network may be involved in facilitating fathers’ sensitivity and responses to infant-related stimuli. Nonetheless, specific methodological caveats, the exploratory nature of large parts of the literature to date, and the presence of heterogeneous tasks and measures also demonstrate that systematic improvements in study designs are needed to further advance the field.

scholarly journals COMPLEXITY-BASED EVALUATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HEART AND BRAIN RESPONSES TO MUSIC

Fractals ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150238
Author(s):  
TISARA KUMARASINGHE ◽  
ONDREJ KREJCAR ◽  
ALI SELAMAT ◽  
NORAZRYANA MAT DAWI ◽  
ENRIQUE HERRERA-VIEDMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Pink Noise ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Brown Noise ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain

The evaluation of the correlation between the activations of various organs has great importance. This work investigated the synchronization of the brain and heart responses to different auditory stimuli using complexity-based analysis. We selected three pieces of music based on the difference in the complexity of embedded noise (including white noise, brown noise, and pink noise) in them. We played these pieces of music for 11 subjects (7 M and 4 F) and computed the fractal dimension and sample entropy of EEG signals and R–R time series [as heart rate variability (HRV)]. We found strong correlations ([Formula: see text] in the case of fractal dimension and [Formula: see text] in the case of sample entropy) among the complexities of EEG signals and HRV. This finding demonstrates the synchronization of the brain and heart responses and auditory stimuli from the complexity perspective.

scholarly journals Intense and sustained pain reduces cortical responses to auditory stimuli: implications for the interpretation of Heterotopic Noxious Conditioning Stimulation in humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Torta ◽  
FA Jure ◽  
OK Andersen ◽  
JA Biurrun Manresa
Keyword(s):  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Conditioning Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Influences ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Spinal Mechanism ◽  
Body Location ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Withdrawal Reflexes

AbstractPhasic pain stimuli are inhibited when they are applied concomitantly with a conditioning tonic stimulus at another body location (Heterotopic Noxious Conditioning Stimulation, HNCS). While this effect is thought to rely on a spino-bulbo-spinal mechanism in animals (Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls, DNIC), the underlying neurophysiology in humans may further involve other pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of supraspinal mechanisms in HNCS by presenting auditory stimuli during a conditioning tonic painful stimulus (the Cold Pressor Test, CPT). Considering that auditory stimuli are not conveyed through the spinal cord, any changes in brain responses to auditory stimuliduringHNCS can be ascribed entirely to supraspinal mechanisms. High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during HNCS and auditory stimuli were administered in three blocks,before,during, andafterHNCS. Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflexes (NWRs) were recorded at the same time points to investigate spinal processing. Our results showed that AEPs were significantly reducedduringHNCS. Moreover, the amplitude of the NWR was significantly diminishedduringHNCS in most participants. Given that spinal and supraspinal mechanisms operate concomitantly during HNCS, the possibility of isolating their individual contributions to DNIC-like effects in humans is questionable. We conclude that the net effects of HCNS cannot be measured independently from attentional/cognitive influences.

scholarly journals Infants’ Brain Responses to Looming Danger: Degeneracy of Neural Connectivity Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. (Ruud) van der Weel ◽  
Seth B. Agyei ◽  
Audrey L. H. van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

Conscious and preconscious adaptation to rhythmic auditory stimuli: a magnetoencephalographic study of human brain responses

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tecchio ◽  
C. Salustri ◽  
M. H. Thaut ◽  
P. Pasqualetti ◽  
P. M. Rossini
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Brain Responses

scholarly journals Auditory Attraction: Activation of Visual Cortex by Music and Sound in Williams Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia A. Thornton-Wells ◽  
Christopher J. Cannistraci ◽  
Adam W. Anderson ◽  
Chai-Youn Kim ◽  
Mariam Eapen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Williams Syndrome Group ◽  
Distinctive Phenotype

Abstract Williams syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder with a distinctive phenotype, including cognitive–linguistic features, nonsocial anxiety, and a strong attraction to music. We performed functional MRI studies examining brain responses to musical and other types of auditory stimuli in young adults with Williams syndrome and typically developing controls. In Study 1, the Williams syndrome group exhibited unforeseen activations of the visual cortex to musical stimuli, and it was this novel finding that became the focus of two subsequent studies. Using retinotopy, color localizers, and additional sound conditions, we identified specific visual areas in subjects with Williams syndrome that were activated by both musical and nonmusical auditory stimuli. The results, similar to synesthetic-like experiences, have implications for cross-modal sensory processing in typical and atypical neurodevelopment.

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