scholarly journals Approach, avoidance, and affect: a meta-analysis of approach-avoidance tendencies in manual reaction time tasks

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hans Phaf ◽  
Sören E. Mohr ◽  
Mark Rotteveel ◽  
Jelte M. Wicherts
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Manual Reaction Time

scholarly journals Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Xueyin Fei ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

Unwanted reflex-like saccades in visual extinction patients

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fanini ◽  
Carlo Alberto Marzi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Visual Extinction ◽  
Manual Reaction Time

We studied patients with left visual extinction following right hemisphere damage in a simple manual reaction time task using brief visual stimuli. With unilateral lateralized stimuli the patients showed a high proportion of unwanted, reflex-like saccades to either side of stimulation. In contrast, with bilateral stimuli there was an overall decrease in the proportion of unwanted saccades, and the vast majority of them were directed toward the ipsilesional side. The implications of these results for the Findlay & Walker model are discussed.

scholarly journals Return to Driving After Hip and Knee Arthroscopic Procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Palma ◽  
Purva Patel ◽  
Jeya Palan ◽  
HG Pandit ◽  
BH Van Duren
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Knee Arthroscopy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
Assess Quality ◽  
Arthroscopic Procedures

Background: Hip and knee arthroscopies are common orthopaedic procedures. As patients are looking to return to their regular schedules and regain their independence post-surgery, physicians often encounter the question of, “when can I drive again?” While safety of the patient is of the utmost importance when making these recommendations, it is equally important to consider the possibility of harm to others and potential legal ramifications. The purpose of this study is to consolidate evidence from available literature and undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine when it is safe for patients to return to driving after hip and knee arthroscopic procedures.  Methods:  A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. OVID, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were searched through June 2020 for articles containing keywords and/or MeSH terms “Hip arthroscopy” and “knee arthroscopy” in conjunction with “total brake response time” or “reaction time” in the context of automobile driving. Title review and full article review were done to assess quality and select relevant articles. Review Manager Version 5.4 was utilized for statistical analysis.   Results: 8 papers were included in the meta-analysis of Brake Reaction Time (BRT). Meta-analysis of all Knee BRTs showed times slower-than or equal-to-baseline BRTs through 5 weeks, with a trend of improving BRT from 6 to 10 weeks (only weeks 8 and 10 were significant P < 0.05). Of all Hip BRTs, week 2 showed slower-than-baseline BRTs, but after week 4 demonstrated a trend toward faster BRTs through week 8 (only week 8 was significant P < 0.05).   Conclusion: BRTs met baseline/control values and continued to improve after 6 weeks following knee arthroscopy and after 4 weeks following hip arthroscopy. Based on these results it would be safe to recommend return to driving at 6 weeks after knee arthroscopy and 4 weeks after hip arthroscopic procedures.   

scholarly journals Executive control by fronto-parietal activity explains counterintuitive decision behavior in complex value-based decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teppei Matsui ◽  
Yoshiki Hattori ◽  
Kaho Tsumura ◽  
Ryuta Aoki ◽  
Masaki Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Probabilistic Uncertainty ◽  
Task Conditions

In real life, humans make decisions by taking into account multiple independent factors, such as delay and probability. Cognitive psychology suggests that cognitive control mechanisms play a key role when facing such complex task conditions. However, in value-based decision-making, it still remains unclear to what extent cognitive control mechanisms become essential when the task condition is complex. In this study, we investigated decision-making behaviors and underlying neural mechanisms using a multifactor gambling task where participants simultaneously considered probability and delay. Decision-making behavior in the multifactor task was modulated by both probability and delay. The behavioral effect of probability was stronger than delay, consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, in a subset of conditions that recruited fronto-parietal activations, reaction times were paradoxically elongated despite lower probabilistic uncertainty. Notably, such a reaction time elongation did not occur in control tasks involving single factors. Meta-analysis of brain activations suggested an association between the paradoxical increase of reaction time and strategy switching. Together, these results suggest a novel aspect of complex value-based decision-makings that is strongly influenced by fronto-parietal cognitive control.

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