scholarly journals Quantifying the Time Course of Visual Object Processing Using ERPs: It's Time to Up the Game

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume A. Rousselet ◽  
Cyril R. Pernet
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Processing

scholarly journals Auditory and semantic cues facilitate decoding of visual object category in MEG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Brandman ◽  
Chiara Avancini ◽  
Olga Leticevscaia ◽  
Marius V. Peelen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Object Category ◽  
Semantic Cues ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Visual Onset

AbstractSounds (e.g., barking) help us to visually identify objects (e.g., a dog) that are distant or ambiguous. While neuroimaging studies have revealed neuroanatomical sites of audiovisual interactions, little is known about the time-course by which sounds facilitate visual object processing. Here we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to reveal the time-course of the facilitatory influence of natural sounds (e.g., barking) on visual object processing, and compared this to the facilitatory influence of spoken words (e.g., “dog”). Participants viewed images of blurred objects preceded by a task-irrelevant natural sound, a spoken word, or uninformative noise. A classifier was trained to discriminate multivariate sensor patterns evoked by animate and inanimate intact objects with no sounds, presented in a separate experiment, and tested on sensor patterns evoked by the blurred objects in the three auditory conditions. Results revealed that both sounds and words, relative to uninformative noise, significantly facilitated visual object category decoding between 300-500 ms after visual onset. We found no evidence for earlier facilitation by sounds than by words. These findings provide evidence for a semantic route of facilitation by both natural sounds and spoken words, whereby the auditory input first activates semantic object representations, which then modulate the visual processing of objects.

scholarly journals Development of Tool Representations in the Dorsal and Ventral Visual Object Processing Pathways

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 3135-3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa J. Kersey ◽  
Tyia S. Clark ◽  
Courtney A. Lussier ◽  
Bradford Z. Mahon ◽  
Jessica F. Cantlon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Processing Pathways

scholarly journals Exploring Cortical Attentional System by Using fMRI during a Continuous Perfomance Test

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tana ◽  
E. Montin ◽  
S. Cerutti ◽  
A. M. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
The Right

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in eight healthy subjects to identify the localization, magnitude, and volume extent of activation in brain regions that are involved in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response during the performance of Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT). An extensive brain network was activated during the task including frontal, temporal, and occipital cortical areas and left cerebellum. The more activated cluster in terms of volume extent and magnitude was located in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Analyzing the dynamic trend of the activation in the identified areas during the entire duration of the sustained attention test, we found a progressive decreasing of BOLD response probably due to a habituation effect without any deterioration of the performances. The observed brain network is consistent with existing models of visual object processing and attentional control and may serve as a basis for fMRI studies in clinical populations with neuropsychological deficits in Conners' CPT performance.

Twelve-month-old infants learn crossmodal associations between visual objects and natural sounds in ecologically valid situations

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chuan Chen ◽  
Gert Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Association Learning ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Crossmodal Associations ◽  
Novel Associations

Infants are able to learn novel associations between visual objects and auditory linguistic labels (such as a dog and the sound /dɔg/) by the end of their first year of life. Surprisingly, at this age they seem to fail to learn the associations between visual objects and natural sounds (such as a dog and its barking sound). Researchers have therefore suggested that linguistic learning is special (Fulkerson and Waxman, 2007) or that unfamiliar sounds overshadow visual object processing (Robinson and Sloutsky, 2010). However, in previous studies visual stimuli were paired with arbitrary sounds in contexts lacking ecological validity. In the present study, we create animations of two novel animals and two realistic animal calls to construct two audiovisual stimuli. In the training phase, each animal was presented in motions that mimicked animal behaviour in real life: in a short movie, the animal ran (or jumped) from the periphery to the center of the monitor, and it made calls while raising its head. In the test phase, static images of both animals were presented side-by-side and the sound for one of the animals was played. Infant looking times to each stimulus were recorded with an eye tracker. We found that following the sound, 12-month-old infants preferentially looked at the animal corresponding to the sound. These results show that 12-month-old infants are able to learn novel associations between visual objects and natural sounds in an ecologically valid situation, thereby challenging our current understanding of the development of crossmodal association learning.

scholarly journals XOR style tasks for testing visual object processing in monkeys

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1804-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Anderson ◽  
Jessie J. Peissig ◽  
Jedediah Singer ◽  
David L. Sheinberg
Keyword(s):  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Processing

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Feature Selectivity and Invariance in Primary Visual Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Almasi ◽  
Hamish Meffin ◽  
Shaun L. Cloherty ◽  
Yan Wong ◽  
Molis Yunzab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Complex Cells ◽  
Feature Selectivity ◽  
Visual Object Identification ◽  
Neuronal Computation

AbstractVisual object identification requires both selectivity for specific visual features that are important to the object’s identity and invariance to feature manipulations. For example, a hand can be shifted in position, rotated, or contracted but still be recognised as a hand. How are the competing requirements of selectivity and invariance built into the early stages of visual processing? Typically, cells in the primary visual cortex are classified as either simple or complex. They both show selectivity for edge-orientation but complex cells develop invariance to edge position within the receptive field (spatial phase). Using a data-driven model that extracts the spatial structures and nonlinearities associated with neuronal computation, we show that the balance between selectivity and invariance in complex cells is more diverse than thought. Phase invariance is frequently partial, thus retaining sensitivity to brightness polarity, while invariance to orientation and spatial frequency are more extensive than expected. The invariance arises due to two independent factors: (1) the structure and number of filters and (2) the form of nonlinearities that act upon the filter outputs. Both vary more than previously considered, so primary visual cortex forms an elaborate set of generic feature sensitivities, providing the foundation for more sophisticated object processing.

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