scholarly journals Non-target-Site Resistance in Lolium spp. Globally: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia K. Suzukawa ◽  
Lucas K. Bobadilla ◽  
Carol Mallory-Smith ◽  
Caio A. C. G. Brunharo
Keyword(s):  
Main Tool ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The Lolium genus encompasses many species that colonize a variety of disturbed and non-disturbed environments. Lolium perenne L. spp. perenne, L. perenne L. spp. multiflorum, and L. rigidum are of particular interest to weed scientists because of their ability to thrive in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Herbicides are the main tool to control these weeds; however, Lolium spp. populations have evolved multiple- and cross-resistance to at least 14 herbicide mechanisms of action in more than 21 countries, with reports of multiple herbicide resistance to at least seven mechanisms of action in a single population. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about non-target-site resistance in Lolium spp. to acetyl CoA carboxylase, acetohydroxyacid synthase, microtubule assembly, photosystem II, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, glutamine synthetase, very-long chain fatty acids, and photosystem I inhibitors. We suggest research topics that need to be addressed, as well as strategies to further our knowledge and uncover the mechanisms of non-target-site resistance in Lolium spp.

scholarly journals Point Mutations as Main Resistance Mechanism Together With P450-Based Metabolism Confer Broad Resistance to Different ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in Glebionis coronaria From Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeineb Hada ◽  
Yosra Menchari ◽  
Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado ◽  
Joel Torra ◽  
Julio Menéndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Sites Of Action

Resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides has recently been reported in Glebionis coronaria from wheat fields in northern Tunisia, where the weed is widespread. However, potential resistance mechanisms conferring resistance in these populations are unknown. The aim of this research was to study target-site resistance (TSR) and non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms present in two putative resistant (R) populations. Dose–response experiments, ALS enzyme activity assays, ALS gene sequencing, absorption and translocation experiments with radiolabeled herbicides, and metabolism experiments were carried out for this purpose. Whole plant trials confirmed high resistance levels to tribenuron and cross-resistance to florasulam and imazamox. ALS enzyme activity further confirmed cross-resistance to these three herbicides and also to bispyribac, but not to flucarbazone. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of amino acid substitutions in positions 197, 376, and 574 of the target enzyme. Among the NTSR mechanisms investigated, absorption or translocation did not contribute to resistance, while evidences of the presence of enhanced metabolism were provided. A pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) inhibitor malathion partially synergized with imazamox in post-emergence but not with tribenuron in dose–response experiments. Additionally, an imazamox hydroxyl metabolite was detected in both R populations in metabolism experiments, which disappeared with the pretreatment with malathion. This study confirms the evolution of cross-resistance to ALS inhibiting herbicides in G. coronaria from Tunisia through TSR and NTSR mechanisms. The presence of enhanced metabolism involving P450 is threatening the chemical management of this weed in Tunisian wheat fields, since it might confer cross-resistance to other sites of action.

scholarly journals Ser-653-Asn substitution in the acetohydroxyacid synthase gene confers resistance in weedy rice to imidazolinone herbicides imazapic and imazapyr in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiatuladawiyah Ruzmi ◽  
M. S. Ahmad-Hamdani ◽  
Norida Mazlan
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides

AbstractThe IMI-herbicides rice package has been recognized by all means among the most efficient chemical approaches for weedy rice control nowadays. Inevitably, the continuous and sole dependence, as well as ignorance on the appropriate use of imidazolinone herbicides in the IMI-herbicides rice package by rice growers has caused the development of herbicide resistance in weedy rice populations across many IMI-herbicides rice package adopted countries, inclusive of Malaysia. Hence, a comprehensive study was conducted to elucidate the occurrence, level, and mechanisms endowing resistance to IMI-herbicides on field-reported resistant (R) weedy rice populations collected from IMI-rice fields in Kampung Simpang Sanglang, Perlis (A), Kampung Behor Mentalon, Perlis (B), and Kampung Sungai Kering, Kedah (C). The collected weedy rice populations were compared with a susceptible weedy rice population (S), an imidazolinone-resistant rice cultivar (IMI-rice), and a susceptible local rice cultivar (MR219). Dose-response experiments were carried out using commercial IMI-herbicides (premix of imazapic and imazapyr) available in the IMI-herbicides rice package, in the seed bioassay and whole-plant dose-response. Based on the Resistance Index (RI) quantification in both experiments, the cross-resistance pattern of weedy rice populations and rice varieties to imazapic and imazapyr was determined. Molecular investigation was carried out by comparing acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene sequences between resistant (R) weedy rice populations (A, B, and C), S population, IMI-rice, and MR219. Evidently, the AHAS gene sequences of R weedy rice were identical to the IMI-rice, revealing that amino acid substitution of Ser-653-Asn occurs in both R populations and IMI-rice, but neither in MR219 nor S plants. In vitro assays were conducted using analytical grade imidazolinone herbicides of imazapic (99.3%) and imazapyr (99.6%) with seven concentrations. The results demonstrated that the AHAS enzyme extracted from R populations and IMI-rice were less sensitive to IMI-herbicides in comparison to S and MR219, further supporting the IMI-herbicides resistance was conferred by target site mutation. In conclusion, the basis of imidazolinone resistance in selected populations of Malaysia weedy rice was due to a Ser-653-Asn mutation that reduced sensitivity of the target site to IMI-herbicides. The current study presents the first report of resistance mechanism in weedy rice in Malaysian rice fields.

scholarly journals Point Mutations and Cytochrome P450 Can Contribute to Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Three Phalaris Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1703
Author(s):  
José G. Vázquez-García ◽  
Joel Torra ◽  
Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽  
Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutations ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase ◽  
Selection Of

Species of Phalaris have historically been controlled by acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides; however, overreliance on herbicides with this mechanism of action has resulted in the selection of resistant biotypes. The resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was characterized in Phalaris brachystachys, Phalaris minor, and Phalaris paradoxa samples collected from winter wheat fields in northern Iran. Three resistant (R) biotypes, one of each Phalaris species, presented high cross-resistance levels to diclofop-methyl, cycloxydim, and pinoxaden, which belong to the chemical families of aryloxyphenoxypropionates (FOPs), cyclohexanediones (DIMs), and phenylpyrazolines (DENs), respectively. The metabolism of 14C-diclofop-methyl contributed to the resistance of the P. brachystachys R biotype, while no evidence of herbicide metabolism was found in P. minor or P. paradoxa. ACCase in vitro assays showed that the target sites were very sensitive to FOP, DIM, and DEN herbicides in the S biotypes of the three species, while the R Phalaris spp. biotypes presented different levels of resistance to these herbicides. ACCase gene sequencing confirmed that cross-resistance in Phalaris species was conferred by specific point mutations. Resistance in the P. brachystachys R biotype was due to target site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms, while in P. minor and P. paradoxa, only an altered target site was found.

Spatial Distribution of Acetolactate Synthase Resistance Mechanisms in Neighboring Populations of Silky Windgrass (Apera spica-venti)

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marielle Babineau ◽  
Solvejg K. Mathiassen ◽  
Michael Kristensen ◽  
Niels Holst ◽  
Roland Beffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Sites Of Action

Silky windgrass is a serious weed in central and northern Europe. Its importance has escalated in recent years because of its growing resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. This study investigated the resistance level for three herbicide sites of action in eight silky windgrass populations, collected in fields neighboring a field where iodosulfuron sodium salt–resistant silky windgrass had previously been found. Target site resistance (TSR) and non–target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms were identified, and a spatial gradient distribution hypothesis of ALS resistance was tested. Populations showed large variations in ED50values to iodosulfuron, with resistance indices (RIs) ranging from 0.1 to 372. No cross-resistance was found to other herbicide groups with the same site of action as iodosulfuron. In contrast, resistance was observed to the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, fenoxaprop ethyl ester (RI from 0.7 to 776), while the activity of prosulfocarb, an inhibitor of long-chain fatty-acid synthesis, was unaffected. Iodosulfuron-resistant phenotypes were associated with NTSR, while fenoxaprop ethyl ester resistance was caused by both NTSR and TSR (Ile-1781-Leu mutation). A large-scale trend in the spatial distribution of resistance to ALS indicated a decreasing resistance with increased distance from an epicenter. After finer-scale analysis, less than 0.05% of the residual variation could be attributed to spatial autocorrelation. The spatial resistance pattern was not correlated with the dominant wind direction, while there was a correlation between the resistant phenotype and type of crop. This study underlines that NTSR mechanisms do not always confer broad resistance to different herbicide subclasses and site of action, hence the complex relationship to resistant phenotype. NTSR mechanisms, in particular detoxification, were present at different levels for the herbicides tested in the silky windgrass populations of this study. The factors contributing to the spatial distribution of resistance remain elusive.

scholarly journals Non-Target-Site Resistance to Herbicides: Recent Developments

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jugulam ◽  
Shyam
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Selection Of

Non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in weeds can be conferred as a result of the alteration of one or more physiological processes, including herbicide absorption, translocation, sequestration, and metabolism. The mechanisms of NTSR are generally more complex to decipher than target-site resistance (TSR) and can impart cross-resistance to herbicides with different modes of action. Metabolism-based NTSR has been reported in many agriculturally important weeds, although reduced translocation and sequestration of herbicides has also been found in some weeds. This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of NTSR mechanisms found in weed species. Further, the importance of examining the co-existence of TSR and NTSR for the same herbicide in the same weed species and influence of environmental conditions in the altering and selection of NTSR is also discussed. Knowledge of the prevalence of NTSR mechanisms and co-existing TSR and NTSR in weeds is crucial for designing sustainable weed management strategies to discourage the further evolution and selection of herbicide resistance in weeds.

Decoding Non-Target-Site Herbicide Resistance in Sunflower: The Beginning of the Story

Helia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (70) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mercedes Gil ◽  
Graciela Nestares
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Transgenic Technologies ◽  
New Compounds

AbstractIn the last years, many efforts have been made to develop sunflower cultivars showing important agronomical characteristics such as herbicide resistance. These approaches have been focused mainly on resistance to herbicides with the same mode of action, that is acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors. To date, four induced and natural AHAS mutations have been found that confer resistance to these herbicides and many of these alleles are being used for the production of sunflower hybrids resistant to herbicides and to develop different non-transgenic technologies for weed control. However, little is known about the bases of non-target-site-based resistance (NTSR) developing cross-resistance to herbicides with different modes of action in sunflower. These mechanisms diminish the number of active herbicide molecules that reach the target and are generally polygenic. Elucidating the nature of NTSR would allow evaluating maximal efficiency conditions for the herbicide and would enable to establish weed management strategies in sunflower crop. Nowadays, mining of NTSR genes can be more easily accomplished taking advantage of up-to-date omics-based approaches: high-throughput techniques involving genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Considering the difficulties in the discovery of new compounds with a broad spectrum of weed control, it results essential to broaden the use of former herbicides which are highly efficient and ecologically desirable. Full understanding of NTSR mechanisms in sunflower would allow detecting specific genes potentially useful as biotechnological tools for the phytoremediation of herbicides and modern plant breeding.

Target-Site Resistance to Nicosulfuron in Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) from Chilean Corn Fields

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Hernández ◽  
Rocío León ◽  
Albert J. Fischer ◽  
Marlene Gebauer ◽  
Rafael Galdames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Selection For

Johnsongrass is a common weed of corn in Chile, which is most often controlled by nicosulfuron, an acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicide. Recurrent nicosulfuron use has resulted in selection for resistant johnsongrass biotypes. We conducted studies to determine nicosulfuron resistance levels in two johnsongrass biotypes from Chile and to investigate if this resistance was target-site mediated. Whole-plant resistance to nicosulfuron was 33 and 46 times higher in resistant (R) than in susceptible (S) plants grown from seed and rhizomes, respectively. The nicosulfuron concentrations for 50% inhibition of AHAS enzyme activity in vitro were more than 11 times higher in R than in S plants. Sequencing analysis of theAHAScoding sequence revealed a Trp-574-Leu substitution in both R biotypes. This study shows that resistance to nicosulfuron in the two R biotypes is conferred by an altered target site. We also report the first consensus sequence of the johnsongrassAHASgene corresponding to the known mutation sites conferring resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides.

Target-Site Resistance Mechanisms to Tribenuron-methyl and Cross-resistance Patterns to ALS-inhibiting Herbicides of Catchweed Bedstraw (Galium aparine) with Different ALS Mutations

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Deng ◽  
Yingjie Di ◽  
Jingxuan Cai ◽  
Yueyang Chen ◽  
Shuzhong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

AbstractCatchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine L.) is a problematic dicot weed that occurs in major winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in China. Tribenuron-methyl has been widely used to control broadleaf weeds since 1988 in China. However, overuse has led to the resistance evolution of G. aparine to tribenuron-methyl. In this study, 20 G. aparine populations collected from Shandong and Henan provinces were used to determine tribenuron-methyl resistance and target-site resistance mechanisms. In dose–response experiments, 12 G. aparine populations showed different resistance levels (2.92 to 842.41-fold) to tribenuron-methyl compared with the susceptible population. Five different acetolactate synthase (ALS) mutations (Pro-197-Leu, Pro-197-Ser, Pro-197-His, Asp-376-Glu, and Trp-574-Leu) were detected in different resistant populations. Individuals heterozygous for Pro-197-Ser and Trp-574-Leu mutations were also observed in a resistant population (HN6). In addition, pHB4 (Pro-197-Ser), pHB7 (Pro-197-His), pHB8 (Pro-197-Leu), pHB5 (Asp-376-Glu), and pHB3 (Trp-574-Leu) subpopulations individually homozygous for specific ALS mutations were generated to evaluate the cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The pHB4, pHB7, pHB8, pHB5, and pHB3 subpopulations all were resistant to sulfonylurea, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, triazolopyrimidine, flumetsulam, sulfonylamino-carbonyl-triazolinone, flucarbazone-sodium, pyrimidinyl thiobenzoate, pyribenzoxim, and the imidazolinone imazethapyr. These results indicated the diversity of the resistance-conferring ALS mutations in G. aparine, and all these mutations resulted in broad cross-resistance to five kinds of ALS-inhibiting herbicides.

scholarly journals Target-Site and Non-target-Site Resistance Mechanisms Confer Multiple and Cross- Resistance to ALS and ACCase Inhibiting Herbicides in Lolium rigidum From Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Torra ◽  
José María Montull ◽  
Andreu Taberner ◽  
Nawaporn Onkokesung ◽  
Neil Boonham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Sites Of Action

Lolium rigidum is one the worst herbicide resistant (HR) weeds worldwide due to its proneness to evolve multiple and cross resistance to several sites of action (SoA). In winter cereals crops in Spain, resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides has become widespread, with farmers having to rely on pre-emergence herbicides over the last two decades to maintain weed control. Recently, lack of control with very long-chain fatty acid synthesis (VLCFAS)-inhibiting herbicides has been reported in HR populations that are difficult to manage by chemical means. In this study, three Spanish populations of L. rigidum from winter cereals were confirmed as being resistant to ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, with broad-ranging resistance toward the different chemistries tested. In addition, reduced sensitivity to photosystem II-, VLCFAS-, and phytoene desaturase-inhibiting herbicides were confirmed across the three populations. Resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was associated with point mutations in positions Trp-2027 and Asp-2078 of the enzyme conferring target site resistance (TSR), while none were detected in the ALS enzyme. Additionally, HR populations contained enhanced amounts of an ortholog of the glutathione transferase phi (F) class 1 (GSTF1) protein, a functional biomarker of non-target-site resistance (NTSR), as confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Further evidence of NTSR was obtained in dose-response experiments with prosulfocarb applied post-emergence, following pre-treatment with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor malathion, which partially reversed resistance. This study confirms the evolution of multiple and cross resistance to ALS- and ACCase inhibiting herbicides in L. rigidum from Spain by mechanisms consistent with the presence of both TSR and NTSR. Moreover, the results suggest that NTSR, probably by means of enhanced metabolism involving more than one detoxifying enzyme family, confers cross resistance to other SoA. The study further demonstrates the urgent need to monitor and prevent the further evolution of herbicide resistance in L. rigidum in Mediterranean areas.

Non-Target-Site Resistance Mechanisms Endow Multiple Herbicide Resistance to Five Mechanisms of Action in Conyza bonariensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽  
José G. Vázquez-García ◽  
José Alfredo Domínguez-Valenzuela ◽  
Kassio Ferreira Mendes ◽  
Ricardo Alcántara de la Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Multiple Herbicide Resistance
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