scholarly journals Regulation of Aegilops tauschii Coss Tiller Bud Growth by Plant Density: Transcriptomic, Physiological and Phytohormonal Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Yu ◽  
Hailan Cui ◽  
Jingchao Chen ◽  
Xiangju Li
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Tiller Bud

scholarly journals Regulation of 2,4-D Isooctyl Ester on Triticum aestivum and Aegilops tauschii Tillering and Endogenous Phytohormonal Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Yu ◽  
Hailan Cui ◽  
Jingchao Chen ◽  
Pingping Chen ◽  
Meijing Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Tiller Bud

Tillering is an important agronomic trait essential for the yield of Triticum aestivum and the propagation of Aegilops tauschii. However, the effect of phytohormones on T. aestivum and Ae. tauschii tillering and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the study, we found that T. aestivum and Ae. tauschii exhibited different tillering sensitivities to the auxin herbicide 2,4-D isooctyl ester. At 3 days post-application, tiller bud growth was inhibited by 77.50% in T. aestivum, corresponding to 2.0-fold greater inhibition than that in Ae. tauschii (38.71%). Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the T. aestivum response to 2,4-D isooctyl ester were mainly enriched in plant hormone metabolism and signal transduction pathways, but similar changes were not observed in Ae. tauschii. Among that, the auxin biosynthesis and signaling induced by 2,4-D isooctyl ester was quite different between the two species. A total of nine candidate genes involved in varied tillering responses were selected from the DEGs and validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Endogenous hormone levels were assayed to further verify the RNA-seq results. After 2,4-D isooctyl ester treatment, a significant increase in abscisic acid (ABA) levels was observed in T. aestivum, whereas ABA levels were relatively stable in Ae. tauschii. The herbicide induced more cytokinin (CTK) accumulation in Ae. tauschii than in T. aestivum. External ABA clearly restricted tiller bud growth in both T. aestivum and Ae. tauschii, while 6-benzyl aminopurine had no significant effect. These results indicate that ABA and CTK may be related with 2,4-D isooctyl ester-regulated tillering differences between the two species, which will help to further understand the mechanism of the auxin-mediated regulation of tillering

Growth and Development of the Wheat Tiller. II. The Dynamics of Tiller Growth

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
RHM Langer
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Time Relation ◽  
Tiller Bud

From an analysis of the length-time relation for tiller growth in wheat it was concluded that tillers which emerged traced a discontinuous curve, and that the discontinuity marked a critical event in tiller growth. Tiller buds which did not emerge as tillers continued to grow even more slowly, at least until anthesis of the primary shoot. The critical event was identified as that of escape from the cavity in which the bud was tightly contained throughout early development. The timing of vascular differentiation in tiller buds was shown to be size-dependent and there was no evidence for any correlation with the critical event of escape. A strong negative correlation between the lengths of the 3rd tiller buds and their subtending internodes was established, and the presence or absence of the 4th tiller bud was also correlated with its internode length. Current hypotheses relating to apical dominance are reviewed, and it is suggested that the dynamic physical constraints implicit in tiller bud growth add a further complication. It was concluded that hormonal, nutritional and constraint mechanisms need to be integrated as partial mechanisms which interacted at the interfaces between successive levels within apical systems.

Sorghum tiller bud growth is repressed by contact with the overlying leaf

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 2120-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixian Liu ◽  
Scott A. Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Bud Growth ◽  
Tiller Bud

The Positional Effects of Auxin and Cytokinin on the Regulation of Rice Tiller Bud Growth

Crop Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2749-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yanfeng Ding ◽  
Dandan Gu ◽  
Ganghua Li ◽  
Qiangsheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bud Growth ◽  
Positional Effects ◽  
Tiller Bud

Effects of sowing date, plant density and year on growth and yield of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. bullata subvar. gemmifera)

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Abuzeid ◽  
S. J. Wilcockson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Late Sowing

SummaryIn field experiments in 1983–85 in Northumberland, UK, early sowings achieved a leaf area index (LAI) of 3·5, capable of intercepting 90–95% total incident solar radiation, earlier than late sowings. As there was a close relationship between total dry weight, bud dry weight and amount of intercepted solar radiation, early sowings invariably outyielded later ones. The efficiency of energy conversion of radiation was 1·28, 2·05 and 2·11 g/MJ for total dry weight and 0·97, 0·83 and 0·67 g/MJ for bud dry weight in 1983, 1984 and 1985, respectively. Harvest index ranged from ca. 25% in 1985 to 40% in 1984.Increasing plant density from 2·22 to 6·66 plants/m2 advanced and increased maximum LAI and total and bud dry weight per m2 but had an adverse effect on distribution of dry matter. Maximum total dry weights were achieved at or slightly after maximum LAI. The onset of rapid bud growth coincided with maximum total standing dry weight and was advanced by early sowing but largely unaffected by plant density.Early-sown crops produced more buds than late-sown ones because of a longer growing season. Plant density had a large effect on the number of buds per m2, which was almost directly proportional as the number of buds per plant was not severely affected. However, individual bud size was restricted as a result of competition for assimilates. Approximately 80% of buds finally recorded had been produced before significant bud growth had occurred.Total bud fresh yields averaged over all sowing dates reached 17 t/ha in 1983 and 31 t/ha in 1984. The lower yield in 1983 was the result of late sowing caused by unfavourable weather. Early sowings significantly outyielded late ones because of earlier onset of rapid bud growth which gave a longer growing period. The effect of plant density on total sprout yield was less pronounced than that of sowing date but effects on yield per plant were large.Yields of buds in the freezing grade (20–30 mm) increased rapidly between late September and early to mid-November in both 1983 and 1984 and reached 7·5 and 8·8 t/ha, respectively. The difference between freezing-grade yields in the two years (1·3 t/ha) was much less than the difference between total yields (14 t/ha). Late sowing in 1983 restricted bud growth resulting in a higher proportion in the freezing grade. Plant density had a greater effect on freezing-grade yield than on total yield. Low planting densities gave high yields of small buds at early harvests but denser planting gave higher yields at later harvests. Generally, increases in bud fresh weight over the harvest period were greater than those in bud dry weight because of water uptake. The average dry matter content of buds declined by 2–5 % from October to January.The experiments confirmed that manipulation of sowing date and planting density is an effective way of spreading harvest date throughout the season in order to achieve an orderly sequence of crops for the fresh market and for processing.

Effects of Nitrogen and 6-Benzylaminopurine on Rice Tiller Bud Growth and Changes in Endogenous Hormones and Nitrogen

Crop Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 786-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yanfeng Ding ◽  
Qiangsheng Wang ◽  
Dexuan Meng ◽  
Shaohua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Tiller Bud

scholarly journals Effects of gibberellin and strigolactone on rice tiller bud growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsaku Ito ◽  
Daichi Yamagami ◽  
Tadao Asami
Keyword(s):  
Bud Growth ◽  
Tiller Bud

The effect of plant density on tiller growth and morphology in barley

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. M. Kirby ◽  
D. G. Faris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Endogenous Gibberellin ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Tiller Bud

SUMMARYA detailed study was made of the tillering of barley plants grown at densities which ranged from 50 to 1600 plants m–2. Throughout the season the initiation of tiller buds and their growth in length and leaf number were followed, and measurements were made of leaf sheath and lamina length and lamina width. A proportion of tillers died and their positions and times of death are given.Three phases of tillering were recognized. The first, tiller bud initiation, was little affected directly by density. During the second phase, buds did not grow or did grow and emerge from the subtending leaf sheath. If they grew, there was no difference in growth rate of tillers at different densities. At the higher densities fewer buds developed, and the morphology of those tillers which did grow was affected by density. This suggests that the growth of the tiller bud may be controlled by levels of endogenous gibberellin, while in the final stage, growth after emergence from the subtending leaf sheath, competition for light appears to be the factor which determines whether a tiller survives to produce an ear. The data are discussed in relation to the practical importance of tillering.

OsWUS promotes tiller bud growth by establishing weak apical dominance in rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1635-1647
Author(s):  
Tianyu Xia ◽  
Hongqi Chen ◽  
Sujun Dong ◽  
Zeyang Ma ◽  
Haibo Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Tiller Bud
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