scholarly journals Suppression of Arabidopsis Mediator Subunit-Encoding MED18 Confers Broad Resistance Against DNA and RNA Viruses While MED25 Is Required for Virus Defense

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser K. Hussein ◽  
Layla J. Sabr ◽  
Edina Lobo ◽  
James Booth ◽  
Emily Ariens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Dna And Rna

scholarly journals Lactoferrin affects rhinovirus B-14 entry into H1-HeLa cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1211
Author(s):  
Caio Bidueira Denani ◽  
Antonio Real-Hohn ◽  
Carlos Alberto Marques de Carvalho ◽  
Andre Marco de Oliveira Gomes ◽  
Rafael Braga Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Additional Influence

AbstractLactoferrin is part of the innate immune system, with antiviral activity against numerous DNA and RNA viruses. Rhinoviruses, the leading cause of the common cold, are associated with exacerbation of respiratory illnesses such as asthma. Here, we explored the effect of bovine lactoferrin (BLf) on RV-B14 infectivity. Using different assays, we show that the effect of BLf is strongest during adhesion of the virus to the cell and entry. Tracking the internalisation of BLf and virus revealed a degree of colocalisation, although their interaction was only confirmed in vitro using empty viral particles, indicating a possible additional influence of BLf on other infection steps.

VirusTaxo: Taxonomic classification of virus genome using multi-class hierarchical classification by k-mer enrichment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Saha Raju ◽  
Abdullah Al Nahid ◽  
Preonath Shuvo ◽  
Rashedul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Taxonomic Classification ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Full Length Genome

AbstractTaxonomic classification of viruses is a multi-class hierarchical classification problem, as taxonomic ranks (e.g., order, family and genus) of viruses are hierarchically structured and have multiple classes in each rank. Classification of biological sequences which are hierarchically structured with multiple classes is challenging. Here we developed a machine learning architecture, VirusTaxo, using a multi-class hierarchical classification by k-mer enrichment. VirusTaxo classifies DNA and RNA viruses to their taxonomic ranks using genome sequence. To assign taxonomic ranks, VirusTaxo extracts k-mers from genome sequence and creates bag-of-k-mers for each class in a rank. VirusTaxo uses a top-down hierarchical classification approach and accurately assigns the order, family and genus of a virus from the genome sequence. The average accuracies of VirusTaxo for DNA viruses are 99% (order), 98% (family) and 95% (genus) and for RNA viruses 97% (order), 96% (family) and 82% (genus). VirusTaxo can be used to detect taxonomy of novel viruses using full length genome or contig sequences.AvailabilityOnline version of VirusTaxo is available at https://omics-lab.com/virustaxo/.

scholarly journals R430: A potent inhibitor of DNA and RNA viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo D’Aiuto ◽  
James McNulty ◽  
Caroll Hartline ◽  
Matthew Demers ◽  
Raj Kalkeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Dna And Rna

scholarly journals Unveiling Crucivirus Diversity by Mining Metagenomic Data

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio de la Higuera ◽  
George W. Kasun ◽  
Ellis L. Torrance ◽  
Alyssa A. Pratt ◽  
Amberlee Maluenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Rep Protein ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Core Proteins

ABSTRACT The discovery of cruciviruses revealed the most explicit example of a common protein homologue between DNA and RNA viruses to date. Cruciviruses are a novel group of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (CRESS-DNA) viruses that encode capsid proteins that are most closely related to those encoded by RNA viruses in the family Tombusviridae. The apparent chimeric nature of the two core proteins encoded by crucivirus genomes suggests horizontal gene transfer of capsid genes between DNA and RNA viruses. Here, we identified and characterized 451 new crucivirus genomes and 10 capsid-encoding circular genetic elements through de novo assembly and mining of metagenomic data. These genomes are highly diverse, as demonstrated by sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of subsets of the protein sequences they encode. Most of the variation is reflected in the replication-associated protein (Rep) sequences, and much of the sequence diversity appears to be due to recombination. Our results suggest that recombination tends to occur more frequently among groups of cruciviruses with relatively similar capsid proteins and that the exchange of Rep protein domains between cruciviruses is rarer than intergenic recombination. Additionally, we suggest members of the stramenopiles/alveolates/Rhizaria supergroup as possible crucivirus hosts. Altogether, we provide a comprehensive and descriptive characterization of cruciviruses. IMPORTANCE Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth. In addition to their impact on animal and plant health, viruses have important roles in ecosystem dynamics as well as in the evolution of the biosphere. Circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses are ubiquitous in nature, many are agriculturally important, and they appear to have multiple origins from prokaryotic plasmids. A subset of CRESS-DNA viruses, the cruciviruses, have homologues of capsid proteins encoded by RNA viruses. The genetic structure of cruciviruses attests to the transfer of capsid genes between disparate groups of viruses. However, the evolutionary history of cruciviruses is still unclear. By collecting and analyzing cruciviral sequence data, we provide a deeper insight into the evolutionary intricacies of cruciviruses. Our results reveal an unexpected diversity of this virus group, with frequent recombination as an important determinant of variability.

scholarly journals Carbon nanotubes supported tyrosinase in the synthesis of lipophilic hydroxytyrosol and dihydrocaffeoyl catechols with antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 5345-5351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Botta ◽  
Bruno Mattia Bizzarri ◽  
Adriana Garozzo ◽  
Rossella Timpanaro ◽  
Benedetta Bisignano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Dna And Rna

scholarly journals Packaging of Genomic RNA in Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses: A Complex Story

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Comas-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Genomic Rna ◽  
Rna Packaging ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Infectious Cycle

The packaging of genomic RNA in positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses is a key part of the viral infectious cycle, yet this step is not fully understood. Unlike double-stranded DNA and RNA viruses, this process is coupled with nucleocapsid assembly. The specificity of RNA packaging depends on multiple factors: (i) one or more packaging signals, (ii) RNA replication, (iii) translation, (iv) viral factories, and (v) the physical properties of the RNA. The relative contribution of each of these factors to packaging specificity is different for every virus. In vitro and in vivo data show that there are different packaging mechanisms that control selective packaging of the genomic RNA during nucleocapsid assembly. The goals of this article are to explain some of the key experiments that support the contribution of these factors to packaging selectivity and to draw a general scenario that could help us move towards a better understanding of this step of the viral infectious cycle.

scholarly journals Nucleic acids of mammalian origin can act as endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptors and may promote systemic lupus erythematosus

2005 ◽  
Vol 202 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck J. Barrat ◽  
Thea Meeker ◽  
Josh Gregorio ◽  
Jean H. Chan ◽  
Satoshi Uematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Tlr Signaling ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Mammalian Origin ◽  
Protein Particles

Raised serum levels of interferon (IFN)-α have been observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and these levels are correlated with both disease activity and severity. The origin of this IFN-α is still unclear, but increasing evidence suggests the critical involvement of activated plasmacytoid predendritic cells (PDCs). In SLE patients, DNA and RNA viruses, as well as immune complexes (ICs), that consist of autoantibodies specific to self-DNA and RNA protein particles can stimulate production of IFN-α. We have developed three series of oligonucleotide (ODN)-based inhibitors of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. These ODNs include inhibitors of TLR9, inhibitors of TLR7 but not TLR9, and sequences that inhibit both TLR7 and TLR9. Specificity of these inhibitors is confirmed by inhibition of IFN-α production by PDCs in response to DNA or RNA viruses. We show that mammalian DNA and RNA, in the form of ICs, are potent self-antigens for TLR9 and TLR7, respectively, and induce IFN-α production by PDCs. This work suggests that TLRs may have a critical role in the promotion of lupus through the induction of IFN-α by PDCs. These inhibitors of TLR signaling thus represent novel therapeutic agents with potential for the treatment of lupus.

scholarly journals Isoxazolidine Conjugates of N3-Substituted 6-Bromoquinazolinones—Synthesis, Anti-Varizella-Zoster Virus, and Anti-Cytomegalovirus Activity

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Grabkowska-Drużyc ◽  
Graciela Andrei ◽  
Dominique Schols ◽  
Robert Snoeck ◽  
Dorota Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Varizella Zoster Virus ◽  
Lymphocyte Cell ◽  
Lymphocyte Cell Line ◽  
Virus Strains

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of N-methyl C-(diethoxyphosphoryl) nitrone to N3-substituted 6-bromo-2-vinyl-3H-quinazolin-4-ones gave (3-diethoxyphosphoryl) isoxazolidines substituted at C5 with quinazolinones modified at N3. All isoxazolidine cycloadducts were screened for antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of DNA and RNA viruses. Several isoxazolidines inhibited the replication of both thymidine kinase wild-type and deficient (TK+ and TK−) varicella-zoster virus strains at EC50 in the 5.4–13.6 μΜ range, as well as human cytomegalovirus (EC50 = 8.9–12.5 μΜ). Isoxazolidines trans-11b, trans-11c, trans-11e, trans-11f/cis-11f, trans-11g, trans-11h, and trans-11i/cis-11i exhibited moderate cytostatic activity towards the human lymphocyte cell line CEM (IC50 = 9.6–17 μM).

scholarly journals Photochemical Inactivation of DNA and RNA Viruses by Psoralen Derivatives

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Hanson ◽  
J. L. Riggs ◽  
E. H. Lennette
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Psoralen Derivatives
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