scholarly journals Use of Yellow Fluorescent Protein Fluorescence to Track OPR3 Expression in Arabidopsis Thaliana Responses to Insect Herbivory

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie J.A. Body ◽  
Dhruveesh F. Dave ◽  
Clayton M. Coffman ◽  
Taylor Y. Paret ◽  
Abraham J. Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Protein Fluorescence

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of Genetically Labeled Gonadotropes

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 2701-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Wen ◽  
Jürgen R. Schwarz ◽  
Dragos Niculescu ◽  
Crenguta Dinu ◽  
Christiane K. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Protein Fluorescence ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Cre Recombination

Gonadotropes are crucial in the control of reproduction but difficult to isolate for functional analysis due to their scattered distribution in the anterior pituitary gland. We devised a binary genetic approach, and describe a new mouse model that allows visualization and manipulation of gonadotrope cells. Using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, we generated mice in which Cre recombinase is coexpressed with the GnRH receptor, which is expressed in gonadotrope cells. We show that we can direct Cre-mediated recombination of a yellow fluorescent protein reporter allele specifically in gonadotropes within the anterior pituitary of these knock-in mice. More than 99% of gonadotropin-containing cells were labeled by yellow fluorescent protein fluorescence and readily identifiable in dissociated pituitary cell culture, allowing potentially unbiased sampling from the gonadotrope population. Using electrophysiology, calcium imaging, and the study of secretion on the single-cell level, the functional properties of gonadotropes isolated from male mice were analyzed. Our studies demonstrate a significant heterogeneity in the resting properties of gonadotropes and their responses to GnRH. About 50% of gonadotropes do not exhibit secretion of LH or FSH. Application of GnRH induced a broad range of both electrophysiological responses and increases in the intracellular calcium concentration. Our mouse model will also be able to direct expression of other Cre recombination-dependent reporter genes to gonadotropes and, therefore, represents a versatile new tool in the understanding of gonadotrope biology.

High-Throughput Flow Cytometry–Based Assay to Identify Apoptosis-Inducing Proteins

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamatha Sauermann ◽  
Florian Hahne ◽  
Christian Schmidt ◽  
Meher Majety ◽  
Heiko Rosenfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Nuclear Fragmentation ◽  
Protein Fluorescence ◽  
Transfected Cells ◽  
High Throughput Assay

After sequencing the human genome, the challenge ahead is to systematically analyze the functions and disease relation of the proteins encoded. Here the authors describe the application of a flow cytometry—based high-throughput assay to screen for apoptosis-activating proteins in transiently transfected cells. The assay is based on the detection of activated caspase-3 with a specific antibody, in cells overexpressing proteins tagged C- or N-terminally with yellow fluorescent protein. Fluorescence intensities are measured using a flow cytometer integrated with a high-throughput autosampler. The applicability of this screen has been tested in a pilot screen with 200 proteins. The candidate proteins were all verified in an independent microscopy-based nuclear fragmentation assay, finally resulting in the identification of 6 apoptosis inducers. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2007:510-520)

scholarly journals Transcriptional and Biochemical Characterization of Cytosolic Pyruvate Kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Sabine Wulfert ◽  
Sören Schilasky ◽  
Stephan Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Allosteric Effectors ◽  
Pyruvate Kinases

Glycolysis is a central catabolic pathway in every living organism with an essential role in carbohydrate breakdown and ATP synthesis, thereby providing pyruvate to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). The cytosolic pyruvate kinase (cPK) represents a key glycolytic enzyme by catalyzing phosphate transfer from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP for the synthesis of ATP. Besides its important functions in cellular energy homeostasis, the activity of cytosolic pyruvate kinase underlies tight regulation, for instance by allosteric effectors, that impact stability of its quaternary structure. We determined five cytosol-localized pyruvate kinases, out of the fourteen putative pyruvate kinase genes encoded by the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, by investigation of phylogeny and localization of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion proteins. Analysis of promoter β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter lines revealed an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Investigation of the heterologously expressed and purified cytosolic pyruvate kinases revealed that these enzymes are differentially regulated by metabolites, such as citrate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) and ATP. In addition, measured in vitro enzyme activities suggest that pyruvate kinase subunit complexes consisting of cPK2/3 and cPK4/5 isoforms, respectively, bear regulatory properties. In summary, our study indicates that the five identified cytosolic pyruvate kinase isoforms adjust the carbohydrate flux through the glycolytic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, by distinct regulatory qualities, such as individual expression pattern as well as dissimilar responsiveness to allosteric effectors and enzyme subgroup association.

scholarly journals Diethylstilbestrol, a Novel ANO1 Inhibitor, Exerts an Anticancer Effect on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Inhibition of ANO1

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7100
Author(s):  
Yohan Seo ◽  
Sung Baek Jeong ◽  
Joo Han Woo ◽  
Oh-Bin Kwon ◽  
Sion Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Protein Levels

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality; thus, therapeutic targets continue to be developed. Anoctamin1 (ANO1), a novel drug target considered for the treatment of NSCLC, is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel (CaCC) overexpressed in various carcinomas. It plays an important role in the development of cancer; however, the role of ANO1 in NSCLC is unclear. In this study, diethylstilbestrol (DES) was identified as a selective ANO1 inhibitor using high-throughput screening. We found that DES inhibited yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fluorescence reduction caused by ANO1 activation but did not inhibit cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel activity or P2Y activation-related cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Additionally, electrophysiological analyses showed that DES significantly reduced ANO1 channel activity, but it more potently reduced ANO1 protein levels. DES also inhibited the viability and migration of PC9 cells via the reduction in ANO1, phospho-ERK1/2, and phospho-EGFR levels. Moreover, DES induced apoptosis by increasing caspase-3 activity and PARP-1 cleavage in PC9 cells, but it did not affect the viability of hepatocytes. These results suggest that ANO1 is a crucial target in the treatment of NSCLC, and DES may be developed as a potential anti-NSCLC therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals The CRISPR/Cas9 Minipig—A Transgenic Minipig to Produce Specific Mutations in Designated Tissues

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3024
Author(s):  
Martin Fogtmann Berthelsen ◽  
Maria Riedel ◽  
Huiqiang Cai ◽  
Søren H. Skaarup ◽  
Aage K. O. Alstrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Conditional Expression ◽  
Gene Alterations

The generation of large transgenic animals is impeded by complex cloning, long maturation and gastrulation times. An introduction of multiple gene alterations increases the complexity. We have cloned a transgenic Cas9 minipig to introduce multiple mutations by CRISPR in somatic cells. Transgenic Cas9 pigs were generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer and were backcrossed to Göttingen Minipigs for two generations. Cas9 expression was controlled by FlpO-mediated recombination and was visualized by translation from red to yellow fluorescent protein. In vitro analyses in primary fibroblasts, keratinocytes and lung epithelial cells confirmed the genetic alterations executed by the viral delivery of single guide RNAs (sgRNA) to the target cells. Moreover, multiple gene alterations could be introduced simultaneously in a cell by viral delivery of sgRNAs. Cells with loss of TP53, PTEN and gain-of-function mutation in KRASG12D showed increased proliferation, confirming a transformation of the primary cells. An in vivo activation of Cas9 expression could be induced by viral delivery to the skin. Overall, we have generated a minipig with conditional expression of Cas9, where multiple gene alterations can be introduced to somatic cells by viral delivery of sgRNA. The development of a transgenic Cas9 minipig facilitates the creation of complex pre-clinical models for cancer research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document