scholarly journals In Planta Functional Analysis and Subcellular Localization of the Oomycete Pathogen Plasmopara viticola Candidate RXLR Effector Repertoire

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxiao Liu ◽  
Xia Lan ◽  
Shiren Song ◽  
Ling Yin ◽  
Ian B. Dry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Rxlr Effector ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen

scholarly journals Subcellular Localization and Vesicular Structures of Anthocyanin Pigmentation by Fluorescence Imaging of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Stigma Protoplast

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Enerand Mackon ◽  
Yafei Ma ◽  
Guibeline Charlie Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon ◽  
Qiufeng Li ◽  
Qiong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Black Rice

Anthocyanins belong to the group of flavonoid compounds broadly distributed in plant species responsible for attractive colors. In black rice (Oryza sativa L.), they are present in the stems, leaves, stigmas, and caryopsis. However, there is still no scientific evidence supporting the existence of compartmentalization and trafficking of anthocyanin inside the cells. In the current study, we took advantage of autofluorescence with anthocyanin’s unique excitation/emission properties to elucidate the subcellular localization of anthocyanin and report on the in planta characterization of anthocyanin prevacuolar vesicles (APV) and anthocyanic vacuolar inclusion (AVI) structure. Protoplasts were isolated from the stigma of black and brown rice and imaging using a confocal microscope. Our result showed the fluorescence displaying magenta color in purple stigma and no fluorescence in white stigma when excitation was provided by a helium–neon 552 nm and emission long pass 610–670 nm laser. The fluorescence was distributed throughout the cell, mainly in the central vacuole. Fluorescent images revealed two pools of anthocyanin inside the cells. The diffuse pools were largely found inside the vacuole lumen, while the body structures could be observed mostly inside the cytoplasm (APV) and slightly inside the vacuole (AVI) with different shapes, sizes, and color intensity. Based on their sizes, AVI could be grouped into small (Ф < 0.5 um), middle (Ф between 0.5 and 1 um), and large size (Ф > 1 um). Together, these results provided evidence about the sequestration and trafficking of anthocyanin from the cytoplasm to the central vacuole and the existence of different transport mechanisms of anthocyanin. Our results suggest that stigma cells are an excellent system for in vivo studying of anthocyanin in rice and provide a good foundation for understanding anthocyanin metabolism in plants, sequestration, and trafficking in black rice.

scholarly journals In Planta Mutagenesis Determines the Functional Regions of the Wheat Puroindoline Proteins

Genetics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Feiz ◽  
Brian S. Beecher ◽  
John M. Martin ◽  
Michael J. Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
The Impact

In planta analysis of protein function in a crop plant could lead to improvements in understanding protein structure/function relationships as well as selective agronomic or end product quality improvements. The requirements for successful in planta analysis are a high mutation rate, an efficient screening method, and a trait with high heritability. Two ideal targets for functional analysis are the Puroindoline a and Puroindoline b (Pina and Pinb, respectively) genes, which together compose the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Ha locus that controls grain texture and many wheat end-use properties. Puroindolines (PINs) together impart soft texture, and mutations in either PIN result in hard seed texture. Studies of the PINs' mode of action are limited by low allelic variation. To create new Pin alleles and identify critical function-determining regions, Pin point mutations were created in planta via EMS treatment of a soft wheat. Grain hardness of 46 unique PIN missense alleles was then measured using segregating F2:F3 populations. The impact of individual missense alleles upon PIN function, as measured by grain hardness, ranged from neutral (74%) to intermediate to function abolishing. The percentage of function-abolishing mutations among mutations occurring in both PINA and PINB was higher for PINB, indicating that PINB is more critical to overall Ha function. This is contrary to expectations in that PINB is not as well conserved as PINA. All function-abolishing mutations resulted from structure-disrupting mutations or from missense mutations occurring near the Tryptophan-rich region. This study demonstrates the feasibility of in planta functional analysis of wheat proteins and that the Tryptophan-rich region is the most important region of both PINA and PINB.

Subcellular localization of the Hpa RxLR effector repertoire identifies a tonoplast‐associated protein HaRxL17 that confers enhanced plant susceptibility

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie‐Cécile Caillaud ◽  
Sophie J. M. Piquerez ◽  
Georgina Fabro ◽  
Jens Steinbrenner ◽  
Naveed Ishaque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Rxlr Effector ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

The Vacuolar Localization of Grapevine Peroxidase Isoenzymes Capable of Oxidizing 4-Hydroxystilbenes

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A. Calderón ◽  
E. García-Florenciano ◽  
María A. Pedreño ◽  
Romualdo Muñoz ◽  
A. Ros Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Peroxidase Isoenzymes ◽  
N Accumulation

Keywords A study of the subcellular localization of peroxidase isoenzymes capable of oxidizing 4-hydroxystilbenes to viniferin-type compounds has been carried out in cultured cells derived from Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay berries. The study revealed that these isoenzymes are apparently located, in soluble form, in the vacuolar sap and are strongly inhibited by vacuolar anthocyani( di)ns in the concentration range found in planta. These results suggest that the inhibition of the 4-HS peroxidase system in vacuoles, as a consequence of anthocyani(di)n accumulation, could be responsible for the loss of viniferin production potential which accompanies grape berry veraison.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of HIV-1 Vpr: Identification of Determinants Essential for Subcellular Localization

Virology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahalingam ◽  
Ronald G. Collman ◽  
Mamata Patel ◽  
Claude E. Monken ◽  
A. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Subcellular Localization and Functional Analysis of the Arabidopsis GTPase RabE

2009 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 1824-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bray Speth ◽  
Lori Imboden ◽  
Paula Hauck ◽  
Sheng Yang He
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Subcellular Localization

scholarly journals A candidate RxLR effector from Plasmopara viticola can elicit immune responses in Nicotiana benthamiana

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Xiang ◽  
Xinlong Li ◽  
Ling Yin ◽  
Yunxiao Liu ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Rxlr Effector

scholarly journals Downy Mildew effector HaRxL21 interacts with the transcriptional repressor TOPLESS to promote pathogen susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Harvey ◽  
Priyanka Kumari ◽  
Dmitry Lapin ◽  
Thomas Griebel ◽  
Richard Hickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Rxlr Effector ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Hyaloperonospora Arabidopsidis

AbstractHyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) is an oomycete pathogen causing Arabidopsis downy mildew. Effector proteins secreted from the pathogen into the plant play key roles in promoting infection by suppressing plant immunity and manipulating the host to the pathogen’s advantage. One class of oomycete effectors share a conserved ‘RxLR’ motif critical for their translocation into the host cell. Here we characterize the interaction between an RxLR effector, HaRxL21 (RxL21), and the Arabidopsis transcriptional co-repressor Topless (TPL). We establish that RxL21 and TPL interact via an EAR motif at the C-terminus of the effector, mimicking the host plant mechanism for recruiting TPL to sites of transcriptional repression. We show that this motif, and hence interaction with TPL, is necessary for the virulence function of the effector. Furthermore, we provide evidence that RxL21 uses the interaction with TPL, and its close relative TPL-related 1, to repress plant immunity and enhance host susceptibility to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.

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