scholarly journals A Cyclin Dependent Kinase Regulatory Subunit (CKS) Gene of Pigeonpea Imparts Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Regulates Plant Growth and Development in Arabidopsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinath Tamirisa ◽  
Dashavantha R. Vudem ◽  
Venkateswara R. Khareedu
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

scholarly journals The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaqat Ali Gill ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

Membrane transporters (MTs) are mainly localized at the plasma membrane (PM), tonoplast and vacuolar membrane (VM) of cells in all plant organs. Their work is to maintain the cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across PM channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant’s whole source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D), and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed the ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress). Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in the roots that negatively impact on PG&D, later on also exported to upper parts and then deteriorate the grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and HMs plants activated PM and VM localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole, and also translocate in the root’s tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased the water and sugar supply to all organs. In this review, we mainly reviewed recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes, and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape to argue on the global role of MTs in PG&D and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed the gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.

scholarly journals The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12792
Author(s):  
Rafaqat Ali Gill ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Umar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

The proteins of membrane transporters (MTs) are embedded within membrane-bounded organelles and are the prime targets for improvements in the efficiency of water and nutrient transportation. Their function is to maintain cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across cellular channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant’s entire source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D) and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress) in plants. Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in roots negatively impact PG&D and are later on also exported to upper parts where they deteriorate grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and heavy metals, plants activate plasma membranes and vacuolar membrane-localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole and also translocate in the root’s tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased water and sugar supplies to all organs. In this review, we mainly review recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape in order to argue the global role of MTs in PG&D, and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.

scholarly journals Polyamine Oxidases Play Various Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Dongyu Jia ◽  
Taibo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polyamine Oxidases ◽  
Back Conversion

Polyamines not only play roles in plant growth and development, but also adapt to environmental stresses. Polyamines can be oxidized by copper-containing diamine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs). Two types of PAOs exist in the plant kingdom; one type catalyzes the back conversion (BC-type) pathway and the other catalyzes the terminal catabolism (TC-type) pathway. The catabolic features and biological functions of plant PAOs have been investigated in various plants in the past years. In this review, we focus on the advance of PAO studies in rice, Arabidopsis, and tomato, and other plant species.

scholarly journals Down-Regulation of SlGRAS10 in Tomato Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Sidra Habib ◽  
Yee Yee Lwin ◽  
Ning Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Down Regulation

Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.

scholarly journals 9-cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase 3 Regulates Plant Growth and Enhances Multi-Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Yiming Guo ◽  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Zhikui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals Role of myo-inositol during skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Sharma ◽  
Chanderkant Chaudhary ◽  
Paramjit Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Apical Hook ◽  
Ethylene Response

Abstract Myo-inositol is a ubiquitous metabolite of plants. It is synthesized by a highly conserved enzyme L-myo-inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS; EC 5.5.1.4). Myo-inositol is well characterized during abiotic stress tolerance but its role during growth and development is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the apical hook maintenance and hypocotyl growth depend on myo-inositol. We discovered the myo-inositol role during hook formation and its maintenance via ethylene pathway in Arabidopsis by supplementation assays and qPCR. Our results suggest an essential requirement of myo-inositol for mediating the ethylene response and its interaction with brassinosteroid to regulate the skotomorphogenesis. A model is proposed outlining how MIPS regulates apical hook formation and hypocotyl growth.

scholarly journals Genome wide survey, evolution and expression analysis of PHD finger genes reveal their diverse roles during the development and abiotic stress responses in Brassica rapa L.

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intikhab Alam ◽  
Cui-Cui Liu ◽  
Hong-Liu Ge ◽  
Khadija Batool ◽  
Yan-Qing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Phd Finger

Abstract Background Plant homeodomain (PHD) finger proteins are widely present in all eukaryotes and play important roles in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger can specifically bind a number of histone modifications as an “epigenome reader”, and mediate the activation or repression of underlying genes. Many PHD finger genes have been characterized in animals, but only few studies were conducted on plant PHD finger genes to this day. Brassica rapa (AA, 2n = 20) is an economically important vegetal, oilseed and fodder crop, and also a good model crop for functional and evolutionary studies of important gene families among Brassica species due to its close relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana. Results We identified a total of 145 putative PHD finger proteins containing 233 PHD domains from the current version of B. rapa genome database. Gene ontology analysis showed that 67.7% of them were predicted to be located in nucleus, and 91.3% were predicted to be involved in protein binding activity. Phylogenetic, gene structure, and additional domain analyses clustered them into different groups and subgroups, reflecting their diverse functional roles during plant growth and development. Chromosomal location analysis showed that they were unevenly distributed on the 10 B. rapa chromosomes. Expression analysis from RNA-Seq data showed that 55.7% of them were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues or organs with relatively higher expression levels reflecting their important housekeeping roles in plant growth and development, while several other members were identified as preferentially expressed in specific tissues or organs. Expression analysis of a subset of 18 B. rapa PHD finger genes under drought and salt stresses showed that all these tested members were responsive to the two abiotic stress treatments. Conclusions Our results reveal that the PHD finger genes play diverse roles in plant growth and development, and can serve as a source of candidate genes for genetic engineering and improvement of Brassica crops against abiotic stresses. This study provides valuable information and lays the foundation for further functional determination of PHD finger genes across the Brassica species.

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