scholarly journals Variance, Genetic Control, and Spatial Phenotypic Plasticity of Morphological and Phenological Traits in Prunus spinosa and Its Large Fruited Forms (P. x fruticans)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽  
Arion Turcsán ◽  
Leander Depypere ◽  
Marijke Steenackers
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Prunus Spinosa

Adaptation to heterogeneous environments. II.* Phenotypic plasticity in response to spacing in Linum

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Khan ◽  
AD Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Six varieties of Linum usitatissimum, three of flax and three of linseed, were grown under field conditions at six different spacings, from 1 to 32 in. (2.5–81.3 cm) apart. There was abundant evidence of varietal differences in phenotypic plasticity in response to variation in spacing. This indicates that response to spacing is a genetically controlled and not an automatic phenomenon. The major differences were between the flax and linseed groups; linseed varieties were more responsive in branching. However, there were considerable differences between varieties within each group. Different characters showed very different patterns and degrees of response, which indicated that control of response operates on an individual character rather than on a whole organisms basis. Plausible explanations in terms of natural selection can be given for the origin of many of the differences in the response of varieties and in characters. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that there is precise genetic control of the epigenetic processes involved in the response of plants to spacing, and that evolution of different patterns of response can easily occur. _______________ *Part 1, Evolution, 22: 496-516 (1968).

Genetic control of phenotypic plasticity in Asian cultivated and wild rice in response to nutrient and density changes

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimizu ◽  
Masamichi Maruoka ◽  
Naofumi Ichikawa ◽  
Akhil Ranjan Baruah ◽  
Naohiro Uwatoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Crop Evolution ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Trait Locus

Phenotypic plasticity is an adaptive mechanism adopted by plants in response to environmental heterogeneity. Cultivated and wild species adapt in contrasting environments; however, it is not well understood how genetic changes responsible for phenotypic plasticity were involved in crop evolution. We investigated the genetic control of phenotypic plasticity in Asian cultivated ( Oryza sativa ) and wild rice ( O. rufipogon ) under 5 environmental conditions (2 nutrient and 3 density levels). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted for traits affecting plant architecture and biomass production. By analysing the phenotypic means, QTLs of large effects were detected as a cluster on chromosome 7 under all the environmental conditions investigated; this might have contributed to transitions of plant architecture during domestication, as reported previously. Multiple QTLs of plasticity were also found within this QTL cluster, demonstrating that allele-specific environmental sensitivity might control plasticity. Furthermore, QTLs controlling plasticity without affecting phenotypic means were also identified. The mode of action and direction of allele effects of plasticity QTLs varied depending on the traits and environmental signals. These findings confirmed that cultivated and wild rice show distinctive genetic differentiation for phenotypic plasticity, which might have contributed to adaptation under contrasting environmental heterogeneity during the domestication of rice.

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity and genetic control in colorectal cancer evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Househam ◽  
Timon Heide ◽  
George D Cresswell ◽  
Claire Lynn ◽  
Inmaculada Spiteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Cancer Evolution ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression

Cancer evolution is driven by natural selection acting upon phenotypic trait variation. However, the extent to which phenotypic variation within a tumour is a consequence of intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity remains undetermined. Here we show that colorectal cancer cells frequently have highly plastic phenotypic traits in vivo in patient tumours. We measured the degree to which trait variation reflects genetic ancestry by quantifying the phylogenetic signal of gene expression across 297 samples with multi-region paired whole genome and transcriptome sequencing collected from 27 primary colorectal cancers. Within-tumour phylogenetic signal for genes and pathways was detected only infrequently, suggesting that the majority of intra-tumour variation in gene expression programmes was not strongly heritable. Expression quantitative trait loci analyses (eQTL) identified a small number of putative mechanisms of genetic control of gene expression due to the cis-acting coding, non-coding and structural genetic alteration, but most gene expression variation was not explained by our genetic analysis. Leveraging matched chromatin-accessibility sequencing data, enhancer mutations with cis regulatory effects on gene expression were associated with a change in chromatin accessibility, indicating that non-coding variation can have phenotypic consequence through modulation of the 3D architecture of the genome. This study maps the evolution of transcriptional variation during cancer evolution, highlighting that intra-tumour phenotypic plasticity is pervasive in colorectal malignancies, and may play key roles in further tumour evolution, from metastasis to therapy resistance.

Comparison of isogenic lines provides evidence that phenotypic plasticity is under genetic control in rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1754-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dupont-Nivet ◽  
C. Robert-Granié ◽  
S. Le Guillou ◽  
F. Tiquet ◽  
E. Quillet
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Isogenic Lines

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation of functional traits influences intra-specific variation in hydraulic efficiency and safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Pritzkow ◽  
Virginia Williamson ◽  
Christopher Szota ◽  
Raphael Trouvé ◽  
Stefan K Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Huber Value ◽  
Turgor Loss Point ◽  
Hydraulic Vulnerability ◽  
Hydraulic Safety ◽  
Dry Conditions

Abstract Understanding which hydraulic traits are under genetic control and/or are phenotypically plastic is essential in understanding how tree species will respond to rapid shifts in climate. We quantified hydraulic traits in Eucalyptus obliqua L'Her. across a precipitation gradient in the field to describe (i) trait variation in relation to long-term climate and (ii) the short-term (seasonal) ability of traits to adjust (i.e., phenotypic plasticity). Seedlings from each field population were raised under controlled conditions to assess (iii) which traits are under strong genetic control. In the field, drier populations had smaller leaves with anatomically thicker xylem vessel walls, a lower leaf hydraulic vulnerability and a lower water potential at turgor loss point, which likely confers higher hydraulic safety. Traits such as the water potential at turgor loss point and ratio of sapwood to leaf area (Huber value) showed significant adjustment from wet to dry conditions in the field, indicating phenotypic plasticity and importantly, the ability to increase hydraulic safety in the short term. In the nursery, seedlings from drier populations had smaller leaves and a lower leaf hydraulic vulnerability, suggesting that key traits associated with hydraulic safety are under strong genetic control. Overall, our study suggests a strong genetic control over traits associated with hydraulic safety, which may compromise the survival of wet-origin populations in drier future climates. However, phenotypic plasticity in physiological and morphological traits may confer sufficient hydraulic safety to facilitate genetic adaptation.

scholarly journals Genetic control of root architectural plasticity in maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 3185-3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M Schneider ◽  
Stephanie P Klein ◽  
Meredith T Hanlon ◽  
Eric A Nord ◽  
Shawn Kaeppler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
Architectural Plasticity

Abstract Root phenotypes regulate soil resource acquisition; however, their genetic control and phenotypic plasticity are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the responses of root architectural phenes to water deficit (stress plasticity) and different environments (environmental plasticity) are under genetic control and that these loci are distinct. Root architectural phenes were phenotyped in the field using a large maize association panel with and without water deficit stress for three seasons in Arizona and without water deficit stress for four seasons in South Africa. All root phenes were plastic and varied in their plastic response. We identified candidate genes associated with stress and environmental plasticity and candidate genes associated with phenes in well-watered conditions in South Africa and in well-watered and water-stress conditions in Arizona. Few candidate genes for plasticity overlapped with those for phenes expressed under each condition. Our results suggest that phenotypic plasticity is highly quantitative, and plasticity loci are distinct from loci that control phene expression in stress and non-stress, which poses a challenge for breeding programs. To make these loci more accessible to the wider research community, we developed a public online resource that will allow for further experimental validation towards understanding the genetic control underlying phenotypic plasticity.

scholarly journals Independent genetic control of maize (Zea mays L.) kernel weight determination and its phenotypic plasticity

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (15) ◽  
pp. 4479-4487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Alvarez Prado ◽  
Víctor O. Sadras ◽  
Lucas Borrás
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Kernel Weight

Ecology and biogeography in the introduction to “De bestiis marinis” by Georg Wilhelm Steller

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stefano Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Modern Biology

The rediscovery of the original, unedited Latin manuscript of Georg Wilhelm Steller's “De bestiis marinis” (“On marine mammals”), first published in 1751, calls for a new translation into English. The main part of the treatise contains detailed descriptions of four marine mammals, but the introduction is devoted to more general issues, including innovative speculation on morphology, ecology and biogeography, anticipating arguments and concepts of modern biology. Steller noted early that climate and food have a direct influence on body size, pelage and functional traits of mammals, potentially affecting reversible changes (phenotypic plasticity). Feeding and other behavioural habits have an impact on the geographical distribution of mammals. Species with a broad diet tend to have a wide distribution, whereas animals with a narrow diet more likely have only a restricted range. According to Steller, both sea and land then still concealed countless animals unknown to science.

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