scholarly journals Root System Architecture and Abiotic Stress Tolerance: Current Knowledge in Root and Tuber Crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khan ◽  
Dorcus C. Gemenet ◽  
Arthur Villordon
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Tuber Crops

scholarly journals Root plasticity under abiotic stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumyana Karlova ◽  
Damian Boer ◽  
Scott Hayes ◽  
Christa Testerink
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Plasticity ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation

Abstract Abiotic stresses increasingly threaten existing ecological and agricultural systems across the globe. Plant roots perceive these stresses in the soil and adapt their architecture accordingly. This review provides insights into recent discoveries showing the importance of root system architecture and plasticity for the survival and development of plants under heat, cold, drought, salt, and flooding stress. In addition, we review the molecular regulation and hormonal pathways involved in controlling root system architecture plasticity, main root growth, branching and lateral root growth, root hair development and formation of adventitious roots. Several stresses affect root anatomy by causing aerenchyma formation, lignin and suberin deposition, and Casparian strip modulation. Roots can also actively grow towards favourable soil conditions and avoid environments detrimental to their development. Recent advances in understanding the cellular mechanisms behind these different root tropisms are discussed. Understanding root plasticity will be instrumental for the development of crops that are resilient in the face of abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root System Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M. R. Shao ◽  
N. Jiang ◽  
M. Li ◽  
A. Howard ◽  
K. Lehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulling Force

The root system is critical for the survival of nearly all land plants and a key target for improving abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient accumulation, and yield in crop species. Although many methods of root phenotyping exist, within field studies, one of the most popular methods is the extraction and measurement of the upper portion of the root system, known as the root crown, followed by trait quantification based on manual measurements or 2D imaging. However, 2D techniques are inherently limited by the information available from single points of view. Here, we used X-ray computed tomography to generate highly accurate 3D models of maize root crowns and created computational pipelines capable of measuring 71 features from each sample. This approach improves estimates of the genetic contribution to root system architecture and is refined enough to detect various changes in global root system architecture over developmental time as well as more subtle changes in root distributions as a result of environmental differences. We demonstrate that root pulling force, a high-throughput method of root extraction that provides an estimate of root mass, is associated with multiple 3D traits from our pipeline. Our combined methodology can therefore be used to calibrate and interpret root pulling force measurements across a range of experimental contexts or scaled up as a stand-alone approach in large genetic studies of root system architecture.

scholarly journals AnDHN, a Dehydrin Protein From Ammopiptanthus nanus, Mitigates the Negative Effects of Drought Stress in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibo Sun ◽  
Linghao Liu ◽  
Shaokun Sun ◽  
Wangzhen Han ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ammopiptanthus Nanus ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Dehydrins (DHNs) play crucial roles in a broad spectrum of abiotic stresses in model plants. However, the evolutionary role of DHNs has not been explored, and the function of DHN proteins is largely unknown in Ammopiptanthus nanus (A. nanus), an ancient and endangered legume species from the deserts of northwestern China. In this study, we isolated a drought-response gene (c195333_g1_i1) from a drought-induced RNA-seq library of A. nanus. Evolutionary bioinformatics showed that c195333_g1_i1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis DHN, and we renamed it AnDHN. Moreover, DHN proteins may define a class of proteins that are evolutionarily conserved in all angiosperms that have experienced a contraction during the evolution of legumes. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AnDHN exhibited morpho-physiological changes, such as an increased germination rate, higher relative water content (RWC), higher proline (PRO) content, increased peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities, lower contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and O2–, and longer root length. Our results showed that the transgenic lines had improved drought resistance with deep root system architecture, excellent water retention, increased osmotic adjustment, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Furthermore, the transgenic lines also had enhanced salt and cold tolerance. Our findings demonstrate that AnDHN may be a good candidate gene for improving abiotic stress tolerance in crops.Key Message: Using transcriptome analysis in Ammopiptanthus nanus, we isolated a drought-responsive gene, AnDHN, that plays a key role in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants, with strong functional diversification in legumes.

Advances in Chemical Priming to Enhance Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Sako ◽  
Huong Mai Nguyen ◽  
Motoaki Seki
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Chemical Priming ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Exogenous Treatment

  Abiotic stress is considered a major factor limiting crop yield and quality. The development of effective strategies that mitigate abiotic stress is essential for sustainable agriculture and food security, especially with continuing global population growth. Recent studies have demonstrated that exogenous treatment of plants with chemical compounds can enhance abiotic stress tolerance by inducing molecular and physiological defense mechanisms, a process known as chemical priming. Chemical priming is believed to represent a promising strategy for mitigating abiotic stress in crop plants. Plants biosynthesize various compounds, such as phytohormones and other metabolites, to adapt to adverse environments. Research on artificially synthesized compounds has also resulted in the identification of novel compounds that improve abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of both naturally synthesized and artificial priming agents that have been shown to increase the abiotic stress tolerance of plants.

scholarly journals Complementary Phenotyping of Maize Root Architecture by Root Pulling Force and X-Ray Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mon-Ray Shao ◽  
Ni Jiang ◽  
Mao Li ◽  
Anne Howard ◽  
Kevin Lehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Pulling Force

ABSTRACTThe root system is critical for the survival of nearly all land plants and a key target for improving abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient accumulation, and yield in crop species. Although many methods of root phenotyping exist, within field studies one of the most popular methods is the extraction and measurement of the upper portion of the root system, known as the root crown, followed by trait quantification based on manual measurements or 2D imaging. However, 2D techniques are inherently limited by the information available from single points of view. Here, we used X-ray computed tomography to generate highly accurate 3D models of maize root crowns and created computational pipelines capable of measuring 71 features from each sample. This approach improves estimates of the genetic contribution to root system architecture, and is refined enough to detect various changes in global root system architecture over developmental time as well as more subtle changes in root distributions as a result of environmental differences. We demonstrate that root pulling force, a high-throughput method of root extraction that provides an estimate of root biomass, is associated with multiple 3D traits from our pipeline. Our combined methodology can therefore be used to calibrate and interpret root pulling force measurements across a range of experimental contexts, or scaled up as a stand-alone approach in large genetic studies of root system architecture.

Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPK) in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant B Kardile ◽  
◽  
Vikrant ◽  
Nirmal Kant Sharma ◽  
Ankita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Calcium Dependent Protein Kinases
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