scholarly journals Responsibility of regulatory gene expression and repressed protein synthesis for triacylglycerol accumulation on sulfur-starvation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Sato ◽  
Rie Matsumura ◽  
Naomi Hoshino ◽  
Mikio Tsuzuki ◽  
Norihiro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Sulfur Starvation ◽  
Triacylglycerol Accumulation

scholarly journals The proteomic inventory reveals the chloroplast ribosome as nexus within a diverse protein network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Désirée Westrich ◽  
Vincent Leon Gotsmann ◽  
Claudia Herkt ◽  
Fabian Ries ◽  
Tanja Kazek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Protein Network ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Translation Control ◽  
Chloroplast Gene Expression

ABSTRACTChloroplast gene expression is tightly regulated and majorly controlled on the level of protein synthesis. Fine-tuning of translation is vital for plant development, acclimation to environmental challenges and for the assembly of major protein complexes such as the photosynthesis machinery. However, many regulatory mediators and the interaction network of chloroplast ribosomes are not known to date. We report here on a deep proteomic analysis of the plastidic ribosome interaction network in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Affinity-purification of ribosomes was achieved via endogenous affinity tagging of the chloroplast-encoded protein Rpl5, yielding a specific enrichment of >650 chloroplast-localized proteins. The ribosome interaction network was validated for several proteins and provides a new source of mainly conserved factors directly linking translation with central processes such as protein folding, photosystem biogenesis, redox control, RNA maturation, energy and metabolite homeostasis. Our approach provided the first evidence for the existence of a plastidic co-translational acting N-acetyltransferase (cpNAT1). Expression of tagged cpNAT1 confirmed its ribosome-association, and we demonstrated the ability of cpNAT1 to acetylate substrate proteins at their N-terminus. Our dataset establishes that the chloroplast protein synthesis machinery acts as nexus in a highly choreographed, spatially interconnected protein network and underscores its wide-ranging regulatory potential during gene expression.ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARYAffinity purification of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast ribosomes and subsequent proteomic analysis revealed a broad spectrum of interactors ranging from global translation control to specific pathways.

tiRNAs & tRFs Biogenesis and Regulation of Diseases: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 5849-5861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Jiang ◽  
Feng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Reverse Transcriptases ◽  
Dna Damage Responses ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Viral Reverse Transcriptases

tiRNAs & tRFs are a class of small molecular noncoding tRNA derived from precise processing of mature or precursor tRNAs. Most tiRNAs & tRFs described originate from nucleus-encoded tRNAs, and only a few tiRNAs and tRFs have been reported. They have been suggested to play important roles in inhibiting protein synthesis, regulating gene expression, priming viral reverse transcriptases, and the modulation of DNA damage responses. However, the regulatory mechanisms and potential function of tiRNAs & tRFs remain poorly understood. This review aims to describe tiRNAs & tRFs, including their structure, biological functions and subcellular localization. The regulatory roles of tiRNAs & tRFs in translation, neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, viral infections, and carcinogenesis are also discussed in detail. Finally, the potential applications of these noncoding tRNAs as biomarkers and gene regulators in different diseases is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Viral Gene Expression Patterns in Human Herpesvirus 6B-Infected T Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 7578-7586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodil Øster ◽  
Per Höllsberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
De Novo Protein Synthesis

ABSTRACT Herpesvirus gene expression is divided into immediate-early (IE) or α genes, early (E) or β genes, and late (L) or γ genes on the basis of temporal expression and dependency on other gene products. By using real-time PCR, we have investigated the expression of 35 human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) genes in T cells infected by strain PL-1. Kinetic analysis and dependency on de novo protein synthesis and viral DNA polymerase activity suggest that the HHV-6B genes segregate into six separate kinetic groups. The genes expressed early (groups I and II) and late (groups V and VI) corresponded well with IE and L genes, whereas the intermediate groups III and IV contained E and L genes. Although HHV-6B has characteristics similar to those of other roseoloviruses in its overall gene regulation, we detected three B-variant-specific IE genes. Moreover, genes that were independent of de novo protein synthesis clustered in an area of the viral genome that has the lowest identity to the HHV-6A variant. The organization of IE genes in an area of the genome that differs from that of HHV-6A underscores the distinct differences between HHV-6B and HHV-6A and may provide a basis for further molecular and immunological analyses to elucidate their different biological behaviors.

scholarly journals Effects of Aprotinin on Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis After Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (11_suppl) ◽  
pp. I-121-I-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buerke ◽  
D. Pruefer ◽  
D. Sankat ◽  
J. M. Carter ◽  
U. Buerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion

Differential gene expression of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using microarray analysis

Plant Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nrupali Patel ◽  
Vinitha Cardoza ◽  
Erin Christensen ◽  
Bhanu Rekapalli ◽  
Mentewab Ayalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Differential Gene
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