scholarly journals STXBP1 Syndrome Is Characterized by Inhibition-Dominated Dynamics of Resting-State EEG

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Houtman ◽  
Hanna C. A. Lammertse ◽  
Annemiek A. van Berkel ◽  
Ganna Balagura ◽  
Elena Gardella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Psychomotor Delay ◽  
Local Circuitry ◽  
The Impact

STXBP1 syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous variants in the STXBP1 gene and is characterized by psychomotor delay, early-onset developmental delay, and epileptic encephalopathy. Pathogenic STXBP1 variants are thought to alter excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance at the synaptic level, which could impact neuronal network dynamics; however, this has not been investigated yet. Here, we present the first EEG study of patients with STXBP1 syndrome to quantify the impact of the synaptic E/I dysregulation on ongoing brain activity. We used high-frequency-resolution analyses of classical and recently developed methods known to be sensitive to E/I balance. EEG was recorded during eyes-open rest in children with STXBP1 syndrome (n = 14) and age-matched typically developing children (n = 50). Brain-wide abnormalities were observed in each of the four resting-state measures assessed here: (i) slowing of activity and increased low-frequency power in the range 1.75–4.63 Hz, (ii) increased long-range temporal correlations in the 11–18 Hz range, (iii) a decrease of our recently introduced measure of functional E/I ratio in a similar frequency range (12–24 Hz), and (iv) a larger exponent of the 1/f-like aperiodic component of the power spectrum. Overall, these findings indicate that large-scale brain activity in STXBP1 syndrome exhibits inhibition-dominated dynamics, which may be compensatory to counteract local circuitry imbalances expected to shift E/I balance toward excitation, as observed in preclinical models. We argue that quantitative EEG investigations in STXBP1 and other neurodevelopmental disorders are a crucial step to understand large-scale functional consequences of synaptic E/I perturbations.

scholarly journals The impact of hyperoxia on brain activity: A resting-state and task-evoked electroencephalography (EEG) study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0176610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Sheng ◽  
Peiying Liu ◽  
Deng Mao ◽  
Yulin Ge ◽  
Hanzhang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

scholarly journals Attention network modulation via tRNS correlates with attention gain

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Contò ◽  
Grace Edwards ◽  
Sarah Tyler ◽  
Danielle Parrott ◽  
Emily Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral Improvement

Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) can enhance vision in the healthy and diseased brain. Yet, the impact of multi-day tRNS on large-scale cortical networks is still unknown. We investigated the impact of tRNS coupled with behavioral training on resting-state functional connectivity and attention. We trained human subjects for 4 consecutive days on two attention tasks, while receiving tRNS over the intraparietal sulci, the middle temporal areas, or Sham stimulation. We measured resting-state functional connectivity of nodes of the dorsal and ventral attention network (DVAN) before and after training. We found a strong behavioral improvement and increased connectivity within the DVAN after parietal stimulation only. Crucially, behavioral improvement positively correlated with connectivity measures. We conclude changes in connectivity are a marker for the enduring effect of tRNS upon behavior. Our results suggest that tRNS has strong potential to augment cognitive capacity in healthy individuals and promote recovery in the neurological population.

scholarly journals Organization of Propagated Intrinsic Brain Activity in Individual Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1716-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan V Raut ◽  
Anish Mitra ◽  
Scott Marek ◽  
Mario Ortega ◽  
Abraham Z Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Slow Activity ◽  
Lag Structure

Abstract Spontaneous infra-slow (<0.1 Hz) fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals are temporally correlated within large-scale functional brain networks, motivating their use for mapping systems-level brain organization. However, recent electrophysiological and hemodynamic evidence suggest state-dependent propagation of infra-slow fluctuations, implying a functional role for ongoing infra-slow activity. Crucially, the study of infra-slow temporal lag structure has thus far been limited to large groups, as analyzing propagation delays requires extensive data averaging to overcome sampling variability. Here, we use resting-state fMRI data from 11 extensively-sampled individuals to characterize lag structure at the individual level. In addition to stable individual-specific features, we find spatiotemporal topographies in each subject similar to the group average. Notably, we find a set of early regions that are common to all individuals, are preferentially positioned proximal to multiple functional networks, and overlap with brain regions known to respond to diverse behavioral tasks—altogether consistent with a hypothesized ability to broadly influence cortical excitability. Our findings suggest that, like correlation structure, temporal lag structure is a fundamental organizational property of resting-state infra-slow activity.

scholarly journals Structural control energy of resting-state functional brain states reveals inefficient brain dynamics in psychosis vulnerability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Zöller ◽  
Corrado Sandini ◽  
Marie Schaer ◽  
Stephan Eliez ◽  
Danielle S. Bassett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Brain States

AbstractHow the brain’s white-matter anatomy constrains brain activity is an open question that might give insights into the mechanisms that underlie mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an extremely high risk for psychosis providing a test case to study developmental aspects of schizophrenia. In this study, we used principles from network control theory to probe the implications of aberrant structural connectivity for the brain’s functional dynamics in 22q11DS. We retrieved brain states from resting-state functional magnetic resonance images of 78 patients with 22q11DS and 85 healthy controls. Then, we compared them in terms of persistence control energy; i.e., the control energy that would be required to persist in each of these states based on individual structural connectivity and a dynamic model. Persistence control energy was altered in a broad pattern of brain states including both energetically more demanding and less demanding brain states in 22q11DS. Further, we found a negative relationship between persistence control energy and resting-state activation time, which suggests that the brain reduces energy by spending less time in energetically demanding brain states. In patients with 22q11DS, this behavior was less pronounced, suggesting a dynamic inefficiency of brain function in the disease. In summary, our results provide initial insights into the dynamic implications of altered structural connectivity in 22q11DS, which might improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease.

scholarly journals Functional and resting-state characterizations of a periventricular heterotopic nodule associated with epileptogenic activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. E10
Author(s):  
Richard L. Nolan ◽  
Nicholas Brandmeir ◽  
Eric S. Tucker ◽  
John L. Magruder ◽  
Mark R. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Fiber Tractography ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Nodular Heterotopia ◽  
Functional Connectivity Mri ◽  
The Impact

The object of this study was to extensively characterize a region of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) in an epilepsy patient to reveal its possible neurocognitive functional role(s). The authors used 3-T MRI approaches to exhaustively characterize a single, right hemisphere heterotopion in a high-functioning adult male with medically responsive epilepsy, which had manifested during late adolescence. The heterotopion proved to be spectroscopically consistent with a cortical-like composition and was interconnected with nearby ipsilateral cortical fundi, as revealed by fiber tractography (diffusion-weighted imaging) and resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rsfMRI). Moreover, the region of PVNH demonstrated two novel characterizations for a heterotopion. First, functional MRI (fMRI), as distinct from rsfMRI, showed that the heterotopion was significantly modulated while the patient watched animated video scenes of biological motion (i.e., cartoons). Second, rsfMRI, which demonstrated correlated brain activity during a task-negative state, uniquely showed directionality within an interconnected network, receiving positive path effects from patent cortical and cerebellar foci while outputting only negative path effects to specific brain foci.These findings are addressed in the context of the impact on noninvasive presurgical brain mapping strategies for adult and pediatric patient workups, as well as the impact of this study on an understanding of the functional cortical architecture underlying cognition from a neurodiversity and evolutionary perspective.

scholarly journals Loss of the glial glutamate transporter eaat2a leads to a combined developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana L. Hotz ◽  
Ahmed Jamali ◽  
Nicolas N. Rieser ◽  
Stephanie Niklaus ◽  
Ecem Aydin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAstroglial excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2, GLT-1, SLC1A2) regulates the duration and extent of neuronal excitation by removing glutamate from the synaptic cleft. Human patients with altered EAAT2 function exhibit epileptic seizures, suggesting an important role for astroglial glutamate transporters in balancing neuronal excitability. To study the impact of EAAT2 function at the neural network levels, we generated eaat2a mutant zebrafish. We observed that eaat2a-/- mutant zebrafish larvae display recurrent spontaneous and light-induced seizures in neurons and astroglia, which coincide with an abrupt increase in extracellular glutamate levels. In stark contrast to this hyperexcitability, basal brain activity was surprisingly reduced in eaat2a-/- mutant animals, which manifested in decreased locomotion, neuronal and astroglial calcium signals. Our results reveal an unexpected key role of the astroglial EAAT2a in balancing brain excitability, affecting both neuronal and astroglial network activity.

scholarly journals Post-stroke fatigue is linked to resting state posterior hypoactivity and prefrontal hyperactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Mary Cotter ◽  
Mohamed Salah Khlif ◽  
Laura Bird ◽  
Mark E Howard ◽  
Amy Brodtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Post Stroke

Background and Purpose. Fatigue is associated with poor functional outcomes and increased mortality following stroke. Survivors identify fatigue as one of their key unmet needs. Despite the growing body of research into post-stroke fatigue, the specific neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. Methods. This observational study included 63 stroke survivors (22 women; age 30-89 years; mean 67.5 years) from the Cognition And Neocortical Volume After Stroke (CANVAS) study, a cohort study examining cognition, mood, and brain volume in stroke survivors following ischaemic stroke. Participants underwent brain imaging 3 months post-stroke, including a 7-minute resting state fMRI echoplanar sequence. We calculated the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, a measure of resting state brain activity at the whole-brain level. Results. Forty-five participants reported experiencing post-stroke fatigue as measured by an item on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A generalised linear regression model analysis with age, sex, and stroke severity covariates was conducted to compare resting state brain activity in the 0.01-0.08 Hz range, as well as its subcomponents - slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz), and slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) frequency bands between fatigued and non-fatigued participants. We found no significant associations between post-stroke fatigue and ischaemic stroke lesion location or stroke volume. However, in the overall 0.01-0.08 Hz band, participants with post-stroke fatigue demonstrated significantly lower resting-state activity in the calcarine cortex (p<0.001, cluster-corrected pFDR=0.009, k=63) and lingual gyrus (p<0.001, cluster-corrected pFDR=0.025, k=42) and significantly higher activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (p<0.001, cluster-corrected pFDR=0.03, k=45), attributed to slow-4 and slow-5 oscillations, respectively. Conclusions. Post-stroke fatigue is associated with posterior hypoactivity and prefrontal hyperactivity, reflecting dysfunction within large-scale brain systems such as fronto-striatal-thalamic and frontal-occipital networks. These systems in turn might reflect a relationship between post-stroke fatigue and abnormalities in executive and visual functioning. This first whole-brain resting-state study provides new targets for further investigation of post-stroke fatigue beyond the lesion approach.

scholarly journals Using Dynamics of Eye Movements, Speech Articulation and Brain Activity to Predict and Track mTBI Screening Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Williamson ◽  
Doug Sturim ◽  
Trina Vian ◽  
Joseph Lacirignola ◽  
Trey E. Shenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
American Football ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Latent Factor ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
The Impact

Repeated subconcussive blows to the head during sports or other contact activities may have a cumulative and long lasting effect on cognitive functioning. Unobtrusive measurement and tracking of cognitive functioning is needed to enable preventative interventions for people at elevated risk of concussive injury. The focus of the present study is to investigate the potential for using passive measurements of fine motor movements (smooth pursuit eye tracking and read speech) and resting state brain activity (measured using fMRI) to complement existing diagnostic tools, such as the Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), that are used for this purpose. Thirty-one high school American football and soccer athletes were tracked through the course of a sports season. Hypotheses were that (1) measures of complexity of fine motor coordination and of resting state brain activity are predictive of cognitive functioning measured by the ImPACT test, and (2) within-subject changes in these measures over the course of a sports season are predictive of changes in ImPACT scores. The first principal component of the six ImPACT composite scores was used as a latent factor that represents cognitive functioning. This latent factor was positively correlated with four of the ImPACT composites: verbal memory, visual memory, visual motor speed and reaction speed. Strong correlations, ranging between r = 0.26 and r = 0.49, were found between this latent factor and complexity features derived from each sensor modality. Based on a regression model, the complexity features were combined across sensor modalities and used to predict the latent factor on out-of-sample subjects. The predictions correlated with the true latent factor with r = 0.71. Within-subject changes over time were predicted with r = 0.34. These results indicate the potential to predict cognitive performance from passive monitoring of fine motor movements and brain activity, offering initial support for future application in detection of performance deficits associated with subconcussive events.

scholarly journals Opposing Changes in the Functional Architecture of Large-Scale Networks in Bipolar Mania and Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-980
Author(s):  
Daniel Russo ◽  
Matteo Martino ◽  
Paola Magioncalda ◽  
Matilde Inglese ◽  
Mario Amore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Functional Architecture ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity ◽  
Affective Dimensions

Abstract Objective Manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder (BD) show opposite symptoms in psychomotor, thought, and affective dimensions. Neuronally, these may depend on distinct patterns of alterations in the functional architecture of brain intrinsic activity. Therefore, the study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal changes of resting-state activity in mania and depression, by investigating the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree of centrality (DC), in different frequency bands. Methods Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), voxel-wise ReHo and DC were calculated—in the standard frequency band (SFB: 0.01–0.10 Hz), as well as in Slow5 (0.01–0.027 Hz) and Slow4 (0.027–0.073 Hz)—and compared between manic (n = 36), depressed (n = 43), euthymic (n = 29) patients, and healthy controls (n = 112). Finally, clinical correlations were investigated. Results Mania was mainly characterized by decreased ReHo and DC in Slow4 in the medial prefrontal cortex (as part of the default-mode network [DMN]), which in turn correlated with manic symptomatology. Conversely, depression was mainly characterized by decreased ReHo in SFB in the primary sensory-motor cortex (as part of the sensorimotor network [SMN]), which in turn correlated with depressive symptomatology. Conclusions Our data show a functional reconfiguration of the spatiotemporal structure of intrinsic brain activity to occur in BD. Mania might be characterized by a predominance of sensorimotor over associative networks, possibly driven by a deficit of the DMN (reflecting in internal thought deficit). Conversely, depression might be characterized by a predominance of associative over sensorimotor networks, possibly driven by a deficit of the SMN (reflecting in psychomotor inhibition).

Post-stroke fatigue is associated with resting state posterior hypoactivity and prefrontal hyperactivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302110483
Author(s):  
Georgia Cotter ◽  
Mohamed Salah Khlif ◽  
Laura Bird ◽  
Mark E Howard ◽  
Amy Brodtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
State Study ◽  
Stroke Study ◽  
Patient Health

Background Fatigue is associated with poor functional outcomes and increased mortality following stroke. Survivors identify fatigue as one of their key unmet needs. Despite the growing body of research into post-stroke fatigue, the specific neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. Aim This observational study aimed to identify resting state brain activity markers of post-stroke fatigue. Method Sixty-three stroke survivors (22 women; age 30–89 years; mean 67.5 ± 13.4 years) from the Cognition And Neocortical Volume After Stroke study, a cohort study examining cognition, mood, and brain volume in stroke survivors following ischemic stroke, underwent brain imaging three months post-stroke, including a 7-minute resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We calculated the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, which is measured at the whole-brain level and can detect altered spontaneous neural activity of specific regions. Results Forty-five participants reported experiencing post-stroke fatigue as measured by an item on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Fatigued compared to non-fatigued participants demonstrated significantly lower resting-state activity in the calcarine cortex ( p < 0.001, cluster-corrected pFDR = 0.009, k = 63) and lingual gyrus ( p < 0.001, cluster-corrected pFDR = 0.025, k = 42) and significantly higher activity in the medial prefrontal cortex ( p < 0.001, cluster-corrected pFDR = 0.03, k = 45). Conclusions Post-stroke fatigue is associated with posterior hypoactivity and prefrontal hyperactivity reflecting dysfunction within large-scale brain systems such as fronto-striatal-thalamic and frontal-occipital networks. These systems in turn might reflect a relationship between post-stroke fatigue and abnormalities in executive and visual functioning. This whole-brain resting-state study provides new targets for further investigation of post-stroke fatigue beyond the lesion approach.

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