scholarly journals Hip Abductor and Adductor Rate of Torque Development and Muscle Activation, but Not Muscle Size, Are Associated With Functional Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Bahia Lanza ◽  
Kelly Rock ◽  
Victoria Marchese ◽  
Odessa Addison ◽  
Vicki L. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Torque Development

Understanding the physiological variables that contribute to a functional task provides important information for trainers and clinicians to improve functional performance. The hip abductors and adductors muscles appear to be important in determining the performance of some functional tasks; however, little is known about the relationship of the hip abductor/adductors muscle strength, activation, and size with functional performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of maximum torque, rate of torque development (RTD), rate of activation (RoA), and muscle thickness of the hip abductors [tensor fascia latae (TFL) and gluteus medius (GM)] and adductor magnus muscle with the Four Square Step Test (FSST) and the two-leg hop test in healthy young adults. Twenty participants (five males) attended one testing session that involved ultrasound image acquisition, maximal isometric voluntary contractions (hip abduction and hip adduction) while surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded, and two functional tests (FSST and two-leg side hop test). Bivariate correlations were performed between maximum voluntary torque (MVT), RTD at 50, 100, 200, and 300ms, RoA at 0–50, 0–100, 0–200, and 0–300, and muscle thickness with the dynamic stability tests. For the hip abduction, MVT (r=−0.455, p=0.044) and RTD300 (r=−0.494, p=0.027) was correlated with the FSST. GM RoA50 (r=−0.481, p=0.032) and RoA100 (r=−0.459, p=0.042) were significantly correlated with the two-leg side hop test. For the hip adduction, there was a significant correlation between the FSST and RTD300 (r=−0.500, p=0.025), while the two-leg side hop test was correlated with RTD200 (r=0.446, p=0.049) and RTD300 (r=0.594, p=0.006). Overall, the ability of the hip abductor and adductor muscles to produce torque quickly, GM rapid activation, and hip abductor MVT is important for better performance on the FSST and two-leg hop tests. However, muscle size appears not to influence the same tests.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Knee-Extensor Strength and Rate of Torque Development to Sit-to-Stand Performance in Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Crockett ◽  
Kimberly Ardell ◽  
Marlyn Hermanson ◽  
Andrea Penner ◽  
Joel Lanovaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Torque Development

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Relationship of Hip Strength and Functional Performance to Chronic Ankle Instability Scores

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlan Lu ◽  
Zhigang Wu ◽  
Roger Adams ◽  
Jia Han ◽  
Cai Bin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Abductor Strength

Abstract Background: Preliminary studies have reported differences in strength and functional performance between sexes for patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury or reconstruction. Similar sex differences may occur in chronic ankle instability (CAI) populations. Factors like hip abduction strength and functional performance may be contributors to sex differences in CAI populations, but their presence and magnitude is unclear. While decreased hip abductor strength, functional performance, and self-reported instability scores have all been shown in association with CAI, any sex difference in the relationship between these indicators is unclear. The study was to determine if sex differences are present in the relationship between these indicators in individuals with CAI.Methods：Thirty-two women and twenty-nine men with unilateral CAI took part. Hip abductor strength and functional performance were respectively assessed using a hand-held dynamometer and the figure-8-hop test. All 61 participants scored the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) for self-reported ankle instability.Results: Normalized hip abductor strength and functional performance measures for females were lower than for males. The self-reported ankle instability CAIT score, where higher values represent less instability, was significantly and positively correlated with normalized hip abductor strength and functional performance on the affected side in females (all p < 0.01), but not in males (all p > 0.19).Conclusions: Sex differences were observed in the relationships of normalized hip abductor strength and functional performance to CAIT scores from the CAI, holding for females but not males, and suggesting that evaluation and rehabilitation strategies should be sex-specific.

scholarly journals Relationships and comparative reliability of ultrasound derived measures of upper and lower limb muscle thickness, and estimates of muscle area from anthropometric measures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Budzynski-Seymour ◽  
James Fisher ◽  
Jürgen Giessing ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
James Steele
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Similar Coefficient ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The gold standard measure for assessing muscular size currently is magnetic resonance imaging; however, it is expensive and not easily accessible. Both anthropometric techniques (AN) and ultrasound (UT) are commonly employed methods to measure muscle size. However, the degree to which these approaches offer similar information has not been examined. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between UT and AN measurements of muscle thickness in addition to their comparative reliability. Fifteen males (27±9 years) volunteered to take part in the study and underwent both AN and UT measures, taken to assess their upper arm and upper leg muscle size on separate days a week apart. Correlations between the two measures ranged from r=0.548-0.918 (p&lt;0.05) suggesting a good relationship and thus comparable information. Results showed similar coefficient of variation (CV%) for the upper leg (AN 2.3%, UT 2.4%), but slightly greater reliability for UT results for the upper arm (AN 5.5%, UT 2.8%). It appears that both methods are reliable approaches to measurement of muscle size, though AN likely represents a lower cost and greater ease of use. Researchers should consider this when deciding upon which approach to use in the assessment of muscle size in the absence of gold standard approaches.

Hip Abductor Rate of Torque Development as Opposed to Isometric Strength Predicts Peak Knee Valgus During Landing: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Stearns-Reider ◽  
Rachel K. Straub ◽  
Christopher M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Torque Development

Peak knee valgus has been shown to predict anterior cruciate ligament injury. The purpose of the current study was to compare peak rate of torque development (RTD) to peak isometric torque as a predictor of peak knee valgus during landing. Twenty-three healthy females participated. Hip abductor muscle performance was quantified using 2 types of isometric contractions: sustained and rapid. Peak isometric torque was calculated from the sustained isometric contraction. Peak RTD was calculated from the rapid isometric contraction (0–50 and 0–200 ms after force initiation). Kinematic data were collected during the deceleration phase of a double-leg drop jump task. Linear regression was used to assess the ability of hip abductor muscle performance variables to predict peak knee valgus. Increased peak RTD during the 0 to 50 milliseconds window after force initiation was found to significantly predict lower peak knee valgus (P = .011, R2 = .32). In contrast, neither peak RTD from 0 to 200 milliseconds after force initiation window (P = .45, R2 = .03) nor peak isometric torque (P = .49, R2 = .03) predicted peak knee valgus. The inability of the hip abductors to rapidly generate muscular force may be more indicative of “at-risk” movement behavior in females than measures of maximum strength.

Muscle-fiber pennation angles are greater in hypertrophied than in normal muscles

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 2740-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kawakami ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
T. Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Long Head ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Subjects

Muscle-fiber pennation angles were measured in vivo with the use of ultrasonography to investigate the relationship between fiber pennation and muscle size for 32 male subjects (from untrained subjects to highly trained bodybuilders). From the image of a B-mode ultrasonogram, fiber pennation angles and thickness of triceps brachii were determined, the former as angles between echoes from the interspaces of fascicles and from the aponeurosis of long and medial heads of triceps and the latter as the distance between the fat-muscle and muscle-bone interfaces. The pennation angles were in the range of 15 and 53 degrees for the long head and 9 to 26 degrees for the medial head, which were similar to or greater than the published and the present data on human cadavers. Significant differences were observed between normal subjects and bodybuilders in muscle thickness and pennation angles (P < 0.01), and there were significant correlations between muscle thickness and pennation angles for both long (r = 0.884) and medial (r = 0.833) heads of triceps, suggesting that muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in fiber pennation angles.

scholarly journals Muscle Strength and Contractile Kinetics of Isometric Elbow Flexion in Girls and Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bareket Falk ◽  
Laura Brunton ◽  
Raffy Dotan ◽  
Charlotte Usselman ◽  
Panagiota Klentrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Torque Development

Ten prepubertal girls and 15 young women were tested for maximal torque, peak rate of torque development, electro-mechanical delay (EMD), and time to peak rate of torque development during isometric elbow flexion. Absolute peak torque (17.0 ± 7.7 vs. 40.5 ± 8.3 Nm) and peak rate of torque development (105.9 ± 58.6 vs. 297.2 ± 113.0 Nm·s−1) were lower in the girls (p < .05). Normalized to muscle cross sectional area, torque was similar (8.27 ± 2.74 vs. 8.44 ± 1.65 Nm·cm−2), as was peak rate of torque development, normalized to peak torque (6.21 ± 1.94 vs. 7.30 ± 2.26 Nm·s−1/Nm). Both, time to peak rate of torque development (123.8 ± 36.0 vs. 110.5 ± 52.6 ms) and EMD (73.2 ± 28.6 vs. 51.9 ± 25.6 ms), were longer in the girls, although EMD’s difference only approached statistical significance (p = .06). Age-related isometric strength differences in females appear to be mainly muscle-size dependent. However, the time to peak torque and EMD findings suggest differential motor-unit activation which may functionally manifest itself in fast dynamic contractions.

scholarly journals Relationship between quadriceps thickness and 60-second sit-to-stand test in patients with chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthley J. C. Costa ◽  
Frederico C. B. Cavalcanti ◽  
Shirley Dias Bezerra ◽  
José Candido de Araújo Filho ◽  
Juliana Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between quadriceps muscle thickness and functional performance on the 60s sit-to-stand test (60s-STS), the six-minute walk test (6MWT), and handgrip strength in non-dialytic stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 40 CKD patients aged between 30-70 years. Participants were submitted to an assessment that included quadriceps muscle thickness evaluated by a portable ultrasound. Functional performance tests included the 60s-STS, distance walked in the 6MWT, and handgrip strength. Also, body composition evaluated using electrical bioimpedance analysis and physical activity level through the short version of International Physical Activity were measured. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the quadriceps thickness and functional performance. Results: Quadriceps muscle thickness was correlated to 60s-STS (R2 = 43.6%; 95% CI = 0.022 - 0.665; β = 0.34; p = 0.037). Also, a moderate correlation between this muscle thickness and appendicular skeletal muscle (ALM) was found in CKD patients (r = 0.603, p <0.001). No relationship was found between quadriceps muscle thickness with the 6MWT and handgrip strength. Conclusion: Quadriceps muscle thickness is associated to 60s-STS, thus our results demonstrate the repercussions of the disease on the musculoskeletal system.

The relationship of coronal trunk motion on the hip abductor moment impulse in pre-operative hip pathology patients during walking

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 105196
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Luginsland ◽  
Wilshaw R. Stevens ◽  
Alex M. Loewen ◽  
Kirsten Tulchin-Francis
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Motion ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship
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