scholarly journals Dysbiosis in the Human Microbiome of Cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benchen Rao ◽  
Tong Ren ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Haiyu Wang ◽  
Yawen Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Close Relationship

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary system with a very poor prognosis. The human microbiome, which is the sum of the genetic information of human microorganisms, plays an important role in regulating the digestion, absorption, immune response, and metabolism of the host. Increasing evidence indicates a close relationship between CCA and the human microbiome. Specific alterations occur in the human microbiome of patients with CCA. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to summarize the recent evidence on dysbiosis in the human microbiome of CCA. Then, we generalized the effect of Helicobacter pylori on CCA. Additionally, the potential mechanism of human microbial dysbiosis promoted the progress of CCA, and its precancerous disease was also explored. Furthermore, the possibility of the human microbiome as a diagnostic and therapeutic target of CCA was discussed.

scholarly journals Novel LncRNA OXCT1-AS1 Indicates Poor Prognosis and Contributes to Tumorigenesis by Regulating miR-195/CDC25A Axis in Glioblastoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhong ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
Shengjun Zhou ◽  
Yucong Peng ◽  
Zhendong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cell Clone ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Tissue Samples

Abstract BackgroundIt’s well known that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to multiple biological processes of human glioblastoma (GBM). However, identifying a specific lncRNA target is still the major difficulty. In this study, bioinformatics methods and competing endogenous RNA network (ceRNA) regulatory rules was used to identify GBM related lncRNAs, and found OXCT1 antisense RNA 1 (OXCT1-AS1) may acted as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of glioma.MethodsBased on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) date set, we identified differential lncRNAs, microRNAs and mRNAs and constructed a lncRNA associated ceRNA network.Novel lncRNA OXCT1-AS1 was proposed to exercise its function as a ceRNA, and its potential targeted miRNAs was predicted through the database LncBase Predicted v.2. The expression pattern of OXCT1-AS1 was measured in glioma and normal tissue samples. Effect of OXCT1-AS1 on glioma cells were checked by cell count kit 8 assay, cell clone formation assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry in vitro, respectively. The dual-luciferase activity assay was performed to investigate the potential mechanism of ceRNA network. Finally, orthotopic mouse models of glioma was created to evaluate the influence of OXCT1-AS1 on tumor growth in vivo.ResultsIn this study, it was found that the expression of lncRNA OXCT1-AS1 is upregulated in both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM cases and GBM tissue samples we collected, and a high expression of OXCT1-AS1 predicts poor prognosis of gliomas. Suppressing OXCT1-AS1 expression significantly decreased the proliferation of GBM cells and inhibited cell migration and invasion. We further investigated the potential mechanism and found OXCT1-AS1 may acted as a ceRNA of miR-195 to enhance CDC25A expression and attenuate glioma cells progression. Finally, knocking down of OXCT1-AS1 notably attenuated the severity of glioma in vivo.ConclusionOXCT1-AS1 inhibited glioma progression by regulating miR-195-5p/ CDC25A axis and can be a specific tumor marker and a novel potential therapeutic target for glioma treatment.

scholarly journals Novel LncRNA OXCT1-AS1 indicates poor prognosis and contributes to tumorigenesis by regulating miR-195/CDC25A axis in glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhong ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
Yucong Peng ◽  
Shengjun Zhou ◽  
Zhendong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cerna Network

Abstract Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to multiple biological processes in human glioblastoma (GBM). However, identifying a specific lncRNA target remains a challenge. In this study, bioinformatics methods and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network regulatory rules were used to identify GBM-related lncRNAs and revealed that OXCT1 antisense RNA 1 (OXCT1-AS1) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma. Methods Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset, we identified differential lncRNAs, microRNAs and mRNAs and constructed an lncRNA-associated ceRNA network. The novel lncRNA OXCT1-AS1 was proposed to function as a ceRNA, and its potential target miRNAs were predicted through the database LncBase Predicted v.2. The expression patterns of OXCT1-AS1 in glioma and normal tissue samples were measured. The effect of OXCT1-AS1 on glioma cells was checked using the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, cell colony formation assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry in vitro. The dual-luciferase activity assay was performed to investigate the potential mechanism of the ceRNA network. Finally, orthotopic mouse models of glioma were created to evaluate the influence of OXCT1-AS1 on tumour growth in vivo. Results In this study, it was found that the expression of lncRNA OXCT1-AS1 was upregulated in both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM patients and GBM tissue samples, and high expression of OXCT1-AS1 predicted a poor prognosis. Suppressing OXCT1-AS1 expression significantly decreased GBM cell proliferation and inhibited cell migration and invasion. We further investigated the potential mechanism and found that OXCT1-AS1 may act as a ceRNA of miR-195 to enhance CDC25A expression and promote glioma cell progression. Finally, knocking down OXCT1-AS1 notably attenuated the severity of glioma in vivo. Conclusion OXCT1-AS1 inhibits glioma progression by regulating the miR-195-5p/CDC25A axis and is a specific tumour marker and a novel potential therapeutic target for glioma treatment.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Immune Response and Vaccination

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lembo ◽  
L. Caradonna ◽  
T. Magrone ◽  
M. L. Mastronardi ◽  
D. Caccavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection

scholarly journals Recruitment and Expansion of Tregs Cells in the Tumor Environment—How to Target Them?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Justine Cinier ◽  
Margaux Hubert ◽  
Laurie Besson ◽  
Anthony Di Roio ◽  
Céline Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Plastic Transformation

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in a large majority of solid tumors and are mainly associated with a poor prognosis, as their major function is to inhibit the antitumor immune response contributing to immunosuppression. In this review, we will investigate the mechanisms involved in the recruitment, amplification and stability of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We will also review the strategies currently developed to inhibit Tregs’ deleterious impact in the TME by either inhibiting their recruitment, blocking their expansion, favoring their plastic transformation into other CD4+ T-cell subsets, blocking their suppressive function or depleting them specifically in the TME to avoid severe deleterious effects associated with Treg neutralization/depletion in the periphery and normal tissues.

scholarly journals Hypoxia and the Tumor Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382110363
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Long Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Tumor Aggressiveness

Hypoxia is an important feature of the tumor microenvironment, and is closely associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metabolism and the tumor immune response. All these factors can further promote tumor progression, increase tumor aggressiveness, enhance tumor metastatic potential and lead to poor prognosis. In this review, these effects of hypoxia on tumor biology will be discussed, along with their significance for tumor detection and treatment.

scholarly journals Determinants of adenine-mutagenesis in diversity-generating retroelements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Handa ◽  
Andres Reyna ◽  
Timothy Wiryaman ◽  
Partho Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Natural World ◽  
In Vitro System

Abstract Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) vary protein sequences to the greatest extent known in the natural world. These elements are encoded by constituents of the human microbiome and the microbial ‘dark matter’. Variation occurs through adenine-mutagenesis, in which genetic information in RNA is reverse transcribed faithfully to cDNA for all template bases but adenine. We investigated the determinants of adenine-mutagenesis in the prototypical Bordetella bacteriophage DGR through an in vitro system composed of the reverse transcriptase bRT, Avd protein, and a specific RNA. We found that the catalytic efficiency for correct incorporation during reverse transcription by the bRT-Avd complex was strikingly low for all template bases, with the lowest occurring for adenine. Misincorporation across a template adenine was only somewhat lower in efficiency than correct incorporation. We found that the C6, but not the N1 or C2, purine substituent was a key determinant of adenine-mutagenesis. bRT-Avd was insensitive to the C6 amine of adenine but recognized the C6 carbonyl of guanine. We also identified two bRT amino acids predicted to nonspecifically contact incoming dNTPs, R74 and I181, as promoters of adenine-mutagenesis. Our results suggest that the overall low catalytic efficiency of bRT-Avd is intimately tied to its ability to carry out adenine-mutagenesis.

scholarly journals DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Is a Therapeutic Target and an Indicator of Poor Prognosis in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3984-3992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Willmore ◽  
Sarah L. Elliott ◽  
Tryfonia Mainou-Fowler ◽  
Geoffrey P. Summerfield ◽  
Graham H. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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