scholarly journals Increasing Fracture Risk Associates With Plasma Circulating MicroRNAs in Aging People’s Sarcopenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana He ◽  
Yuelin Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Beili Feng ◽  
Zaixing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Aging generally coincides with a gradual decline in mass and strength of muscles and bone mineral density (BMD). Sarcopenia is closely linked to osteoporosis in the elderly, which can lead to abnormal gait, balance disorders, and dysfunctions, as well as increase in the risks of falls, fractures, weakness, and death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a kind of short and non-coding RNA molecules but can regulate posttranscriptional protein expression. However, we have known little about their participation in age-associated osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The current study aims to confirm those miRNAs as biomarkers for age-related reduction in muscular atrophy associated with human blood fractures. In our study, 10 fracture-risk-related miRNAs (miR-637, miR-148a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-24-3p) were analyzed. For the initial screening, we determined the abundance of fracture-risk-associated miRNAs by RT-PCR most frequently detected in enrolled 93 elderly with sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia, respectively. Statistically, the relative expression levels of plasma miR-23a-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-637 in the sarcopenia group were significantly lower than that in the non-sarcopenia group, while the levels of other miRNAs did not change significantly. Moreover, we showed that the levels of ASM/height2, handgrip strength, and 4-m velocity in the sarcopenia group were significantly lower than in the non-sarcopenia group. Whereafter, we expanded the sample for further detection and analysis and revealed that the levels of plasma miR-23a-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-637 in the sarcopenia group were significantly lower than that in the non-sarcopenia group, which is consistent with the initial screening experiment. From our analysis, changes in levels of plasma miR-93-5p and miR-637 were dramatically related to ASM/height2. Furthermore, changes in miR-23a and miR-93-5p were significantly affected by ASM/height2 in female individuals, with no significant correlations between miRNAs changes and these diagnostic indexes in male individuals after adjusting sex. The study showed that plasma miRNAs changed in an aging-related sarcopenia manner and were associated with increased fracture risk. In aging patients, plasma miR-23a-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-637 have the potential as biomarkers of sarcopenia, which can affect the development of physiological dysfunction and may be also used in the fracture risk assessment of these patients.

scholarly journals Basis of bone strength vs. bone fragility: A review of determinants of age-related hip fracture risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Djonic ◽  
Petar Milovanovic ◽  
Marija Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related

The burden of hip fractures in elderly population has been growing worldwide. A particular focus has been directed towards identifying persons at high risk of fracture. However, bone mineral density (BMD), which is currently used in clinical settings as an indicator of risk of age-related fracture, cannot explain all fracture cases in the elderly. In fact, the risk of hip fractures in the elderly is associated with numerous bone features that degrade bone strength. This review focuses on complexity of bone features that could account for increased bone fragility in advanced age. Besides a decrease in BMD, various macroscopic and microscopic structural parameters, as well as the material of which the bone is composed, are subject to age-related changes. Therefore, in order to have a more thorough assessment of the fracture risk, it is essential to provide integrative approaches that combine BMD measure with other relevant bone features.

Low vitamin D status is associated with hearing loss in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Szeto ◽  
Chris Valentini ◽  
Anil K Lalwani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Background The elderly are at increased risk of both hearing loss (HL) and osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) has been putatively linked to HL. However, the roles of serum calcium concentrations and vitamin D status have yet to be elucidated. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium, BMD, and HL in a nationally representative sample of elderly adults. Methods Using the NHANES (2005–2010), audiometry and BMD data of 1123 participants aged ≥70 y were analyzed in a cross-sectional manner. HL was defined as pure tone averages >25 dB HL at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz (low frequency); 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz (speech frequency); and 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz (high frequency) in either ear. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relation between HL and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], PTH, total calcium, and BMD, adjusting for covariates. Results In multivariable analyses, total 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL was found to be associated with greater odds of low-frequency HL (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.19) and speech-frequency HL (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.44). A 1-unit decrease in femoral neck BMD (OR: 4.55; 95% CI: 1.28, 16.67) and a 1-unit decrease in total spine BMD (OR: 6.25; 95% CI: 1.33, 33.33) were found to be associated with greater odds of low-frequency HL. Serum PTH and total calcium were not found to be associated with HL. Conclusions In the elderly, low vitamin D status was associated with low-frequency and speech-frequency HL. Low vitamin D status may be a potential risk factor for age-related HL.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia, obesity, osteoporosis and old age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
S. V. Topolyanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Modern concepts about body composition in the elderly are described in the review. Particular attention is paid to possible causes and pathogenetic aspects of sarcopenia, as well as modern diagnostic approaches to its recognition. The ageing process is inevitably combined with diverse changes in body composition. This age-related evolution can be described by three main processes: a decrease in the growth and mineral density of bone tissue (osteopenia and osteoporosis); progressive decrease in muscle mass; an increase in adipose tissue (sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity) with its redistribution towards central and visceral fat accumulation. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are considered the main geriatric syndromes. These pathological conditions contribute to a significant decrease in the quality of life in the elderly; create conditions for the loss of independence and require long-term care, increase the frequency of hospitalizations and ultimately result in adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals Muscular Atrophy and Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Is There a Role for Creatine Supplementation?

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolan ◽  
Artioli ◽  
Pereira ◽  
Gualano
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia is characterized by a loss of muscle mass, quality, and function, and negatively impacts health, functionality, and quality of life for numerous populations, particularly older adults. Creatine is an endogenously produced metabolite, which has the theoretical potential to counteract many of the morphological and metabolic parameters underpinning sarcopenia. This can occur through a range of direct and indirect mechanisms, including temporal and spatial functions that accelerate ATP regeneration during times of high energy demand, direct anabolic and anti-catabolic functions, and enhanced muscle regenerating capacity through positively impacting muscle stem cell availability. Studies conducted in older adults show little benefit of creatine supplementation alone on muscle function or mass. In contrast, creatine supplementation as an adjunct to exercise training seems to augment the muscle adaptive response to the training stimulus, potentially through increasing capacity for higher intensity exercise, and/or by enhancing post-exercise recovery and adaptation. As such, creatine may be an effective dietary strategy to combat age-related muscle atrophy and sarcopenia when used to complement the benefits of exercise training.

scholarly journals Bone and Muscle Crosstalk in Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen He ◽  
Wenzhen He ◽  
Jing Hou ◽  
Kaixuan Chen ◽  
Mei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two age-related diseases that affect the quality of life in the elderly. Initially, they were thought to be two independent diseases; however, recently, increasing basic and clinical data suggest that skeletal muscle and bone are both spatially and metabolically connected. The term “osteosarcopenia” is used to define a condition of synergy of low bone mineral density with muscle atrophy and hypofunction. Bone and muscle cells secrete several factors, such as cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, into the circulation to influence the biological and pathological activities in local and distant organs and cells. Recent studies reveal that extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs derived from senescent skeletal muscle and bone cells can also be transported and aid in regulating bone-muscle crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the age-related changes in the secretome and extracellular vesicle-microRNAs secreted by the muscle and bone, and discuss their interactions between muscle and bone cells during aging.

scholarly journals Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Relationship with Skeletal Integrity

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Pal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Age Related

Health burden related to osteoporotic fractures in an aging female population far exceeds that imposed by other chronic disorders such as cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. Bone mineral density assessment and clinical risk factors provide independent insights into fracture risk in individuals. A finite list of clinical risk factors are identified as prognostic of fracture risk, namely among aging women, including low body mass, compromised reproductive physiology (e.g., prolonged periods of amenorrhea and early menopause), parental and personal histories of fracture, and alcohol and tobacco use. Pelvic organ prolapse is a common gynecologic entity and a contributor to age-related morbidities. The purpose of this review is to communicate data identifying pelvic organ prolapse as another clinical risk factor for fracture risk in postmenopausal women and to increase the caregiver's vigilance in anticipating and instituting preventive care strategies to a population (i.e., postmenopausal women with clinically appreciable pelvic organ prolapse) that may be at an enhanced lifetime risk for skeletal fractures.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNA-486 and MicroRNA-146a Serve as Potential Biomarkers of Sarcopenia in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang-Chun Liu ◽  
Der‐Sheng Han ◽  
Chih-Chin Hsu ◽  
Jong-Shyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscular Function

Abstract Background: Age-related sarcopenia meaningfully increases the risks of functional limitations and mortality in the elderly. Although circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are associated with aging-related cellular senescence and inflammation, the relationships between c-miRNAs and sarcopenia in the elderly remain unclear. This study investigates whether circulating myo-miRNAs and inflammation-related miRNAs are associated with sarcopenia in the elderly. Methods: This investigation recruited 77 eligible subjects (41 males and 36 females) from 597 community-dwelling older adults, and then divided into normal (n=24), dynapenic (loss of muscular function without mass, n=35), and sarcopenic groups (loss of muscular function with mass, n=18). Moreover, myo- (c-miRNA-133a and c-miRNA-486) and inflammation- (c-miRNA-21 and c-miRNA-146a) related miRNAs, as well as, inflammatory-related cytokine and peroxide levels in plasma were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. Results: Sarcopenic group exhibited lesser skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, and gait speed, as well as, lower c-miR-486 and c-miR-146a levels, compared to those of normal and dynapenic groups. Moreover, c-miR-486 level was positively related to SMI (r=0.334, P=0.003), whereas c-miR-146a level was positively associated with SMI (r=0.240, P=0.035) and handgrip strength (r=0.253, P=0.027). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis for predicting sarcopenia, the area under the curve in c-miR-486 was 0.708 (95% confidence interval: 0.561-0.855, P=0.008) and c-miR-146a was 0.676 (95% CI: 0.551-0.801, P=0.024). However, no significant relationships were observed between SMI/handgrip strength/gait speed and plasma myeloperoxidase/interleukin-1𝛽/interleukin-6 levels. Conclusions: Myo-miRNA (c-miR-486) and inflammation-related miRNA (c-miR-146a) are superior to inflammatory peroxide/cytokines in plasma for serving as critical biomarkers of age-related sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Measures of bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationships with muscle mass, muscle strength and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke A C M van Geel ◽  
Piet P Geusens ◽  
Bjorn Winkens ◽  
Jean-Pierre J E Sels ◽  
Geert-Jan Dinant
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
Age Related

ObjectiveThe physiologic role of circulating endogenous testosterone and estrogen concentrations in relation to lean body mass (LBM) and muscle strength is not as well documented in postmenopausal women as in elderly men.DesignThree hundred and twenty-nine healthy postmenopausal women were randomly selected from a general practice population-based sample aged between 55 and 85 years.MethodsTotal testosterone and estrogen (TT and TE) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were determined and estimates of bioavailable testosterone (free androgen index (TT/SHBG, FAI), calculated free testosterone (cFT), and estrogen (TE/SHBG, ESR) were calculated. Examinations included bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femoral neck (FN), LBM, maximum quadriceps extension strength (MES) and maximum handgrip strength (MGS), timed up-and-go test (TUGT), osteocalcin (OC), and urinary deoxy-pyridinoline/creatinine (DPyr). Correlations were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r).ResultsWith advancing age, LBM, MES, MGS, BMD, and ESR significantly declined (ranger: −0.356 to −0.141) and TUGT, and DPyr significantly increased (ranger: 0.135 to 0.282 (P<0.05)). After age-adjustment, LBM, MES, and BMD in spine and FN were significantly related to bioavailable testosterone (ranger: 0.146 to 0.193, for cFT, and 0.157 to 0.224, for FAI) and to ESR (ranger: 0.162 to 0.273). OC and DPyr were significantly inversely related to ESR (r: −0.154 and −0.144 respectively).ConclusionsAge-related loss of LBM, MES and BMD in postmenopausal women is partly dependent on the presence of endogenous bioavailable testosterone and estrogen.

scholarly journals Micromanagement of Developmental and Stress-Induced Senescence: The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Swida-Barteczka ◽  
Zofia Szweykowska-Kulinska
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Whole Plant

MicroRNAs are short (19–24-nucleotide-long), non-coding RNA molecules. They downregulate gene expression by triggering the cleavage or translational inhibition of complementary mRNAs. Senescence is a stage of development following growth completion and is dependent on the expression of specific genes. MicroRNAs control the gene expression responsible for plant competence to answer senescence signals. Therefore, they coordinate the juvenile-to-adult phase transition of the whole plant, the growth and senescence phase of each leaf, age-related cellular structure changes during vessel formation, and remobilization of resources occurring during senescence. MicroRNAs are also engaged in the ripening and postharvest senescence of agronomically important fruits. Moreover, the hormonal regulation of senescence requires microRNA contribution. Environmental cues, such as darkness or drought, induce senescence-like processes in which microRNAs also play regulatory roles. In this review, we discuss recent findings concerning the role of microRNAs in the senescence of various plant species.

scholarly journals Protective Role of DHEAS in Age-related Changes in Bone Mass and Fracture Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi ◽  
Hironobu Umakoshi ◽  
Norifusa Iwahashi ◽  
Yayoi Matsuda ◽  
Hiroki Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Purpose Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) from the adrenal cortex substantially decreases with age, which may accelerate osteoporosis. However, the association of DHEAS with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture is inconclusive. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the role of DHEAS in age-related changes in BMD and fracture risk. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum DHEAS concentrations were used as instrumental variables (4 SNPs for main analysis; 4 SNPs for men and 5 SNPs for women in sex-related analysis). Summary statistics were obtained from relevant genome-wide association studies. Results A log-transformed unit (μmol/L) increase in serum DHEAS concentrations was associated with SD increase in estimated BMD at the heel (estimate, 0.120; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.081–0.158; P = 9 × 10 -10), and decreased fracture (odds ratio [OR], 0.989; 95%CI, 0.981–0.996; P = 0.005), consistent with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Their associations remained even after adjusting for height, body mass index, testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and IGF-1. The association of DHEAS with fracture remained after adjusting for falls, grip strength, and physical activity but was attenuated after adjusting for BMD. The MR-Baysian model averaging analysis showed BMD was the top mediating factor for association of DHEAS with fracture. The association between DHEAS and BMD was observed in men but not in women. Conclusion DHEAS was associated with increased BMD and decreased fracture. DHEAS may play a protective role in decreasing fracture risk, mainly by increasing bone mass.

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