scholarly journals Effect of Chronic Exercise Training on Blood Lactate Metabolism Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Shenglong Le ◽  
Nils Freitag ◽  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Xiuqiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: To assess the effect of chronic exercise training on blood lactate metabolism at rest (i.e., basal lactate concentrations) and during exercise (i.e., blood lactate concentration at a fixed load, load at a fixed blood lactate concentration, and load at the individual blood lactate threshold) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: PubMed (MedLine), Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and case-control studies using chronic exercise training (i.e., 4 weeks) and that assessed blood lactate concentrations at rest and during exercise in T2DM patients were included.Results: Thirteen studies were eligible for the systematic review, while 12 studies with 312 participants were included into the meta-analysis. In the pre-to-post intervention meta-analysis, chronic exercise training had no significant effect on changes in basal blood lactate concentrations (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.20; 95% CI, −0.55 to 0.16; p = 0.28), and the results were similar when comparing the effect of intervention and control groups. Furthermore, blood lactate concentration at a fixed load significantly decreased (SMD = −0.73; 95% CI, −1.17 to −0.29; p = 0.001), while load at a fixed blood lactate concentration increased (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.72; p = 0.02) after chronic exercise training. No change was observed in load at the individual blood lactate threshold (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI, −0.14 to 0.71; p = 0.20).Conclusion: Chronic exercise training does not statistically affect basal blood lactate concentrations; however, it may decrease the blood lactate concentrations during exercise, indicating improvements of physical performance capacity which is beneficial for T2DM patients' health in general. Why chronic exercise training did not affect basal blood lactate concentrations needs further investigation.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN PLASMA VOLUME AND BLOOD LACTATE CONCENTRATION AFTER EXERCISE TRAINING IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S374
Author(s):  
F J. Diaz ◽  
M R. Garcia ◽  
T Franco ◽  
G Monta??o ◽  
F Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Lactate removal ability and graded exercise in humans

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oyono-Enguelle ◽  
J. Marbach ◽  
A. Heitz ◽  
C. Ott ◽  
M. Gartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
The Individual

Venous lactate concentrations of nine athletes were recorded every 5 s before, during, and after graded exercise beginning at a work rate of 0 W with an increase of 50 W every 4th min. The continuous model proposed by Hughson et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 62: 1975-1981, 1987) was well fitted with the individual blood lactate concentration vs. work rate curves obtained during exercise. Time courses of lactate concentrations during recovery were accurately described by a sum of two exponential functions. Significant direct linear relationships were found between the velocity constant (gamma 2 nu) of the slowly decreasing exponential term of the recovery curves and the times into the exercise when a lactate concentration of 2.5 mmol/l was reached. There was a significant inverse correlation between gamma 2 nu and the rate of lactate increase during the last step of the exercise. In terms of the functional meaning given to gamma 2 nu, these relationships indicate that the shift to higher work rates of the increase of the blood lactate concentration during graded exercise in fit or trained athletes, when compared with less fit or untrained ones, is associated with a higher ability to remove lactate during the recovery. The results suggest that the lactate removal ability plays an important role in the evolution pattern of blood lactate concentrations during graded exercise.

Effect of Storage Techniques on Blood Lactate Concentration and Determination of Various Lactate Threshold Definitions

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S514
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Garver ◽  
Leland J. Nielsen ◽  
Jared M. Dickinson ◽  
Derek S. Campbell ◽  
Charilaos Papadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration

Lactate Threshold in 50- to 55-Year-Old Men

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-296
Author(s):  
Fiona Iredale ◽  
Frank Bell ◽  
Myra Nimmo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
State Test ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Treadmill Protocol

Fourteen sedentary 50- to 55-year-old men were exercised to exhaustion using an incremental treadmill protocol. Mean (±SEM) peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) was 40.5 ± 1.19 ml · kg1· min−1, and maximum heart rate was 161 ± 4 beats · min−1. Blood lactate concentration was measured regularly to identify the lactate threshold (oxygen consumption at which blood lactate concentration begins to systematically increase). Threshold occurred at 84 ± 2% of V̇O2peak. The absolute lactate value at threshold was 2.9 ± 0.2 mmol · L−1. On a separate occasion, 6 subjects exercised continuously just below their individual lactate thresholds for 25 min without significantly raising their blood lactate levels from the 10th minute to the 25th. The absolute blood lactate level over the last 20 min of the steady-state test averaged 3.7 ± 1.2 mmol · L−1. This value is higher than that elicited at the threshold in the incremental test because of the differing nature of the protocols. It was concluded that although the lactate threshold occurs at a high percentage of V̇O2peak, subjects are still able to sustain exercise at that intensity for 25 min.

scholarly journals Detection of the Lactate Threshold in Runners: What is the Ideal Speed to Start an Incremental Test?

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luiz Dantas ◽  
Christian Doria
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Incremental tests on a treadmill are used to evaluate endurance athletes; however, no criterion exists to determine the intensity at which to start the test, potentially causing the loss of the first lactate threshold. This study aimed to determine the ideal speed for runners to start incremental treadmill tests. The study consisted of 94 runners who self-reported the average speed from their last competitive race (10-42.195 km) and performed an incremental test on a treadmill. The speeds used during the first three test stages were normalised in percentages of average competition speed and blood lactate concentration was analysed at the end of each stage. The relationship between speed in each stage and blood lactate concentration was analysed. In the first stage, at an intensity corresponding to 70% of the reported average race speed, only one volunteer had blood lactate concentration equal to 2 mmol·L-1, and in the third stage (90% of the average race speed) the majority of the volunteers had blood lactate concentration ≥2 mmol·L-1. Our results demonstrated that 70% of the average speed from the subject’s last competitive race - from 10 to 42.195 km - was the best option for obtaining blood lactate concentration <2 mmol·L-1 in the first stage, however, 80% of the average speed in marathons may be a possibility. Evaluators can use 70% of the average speed in competitive races as a strategy to ensure that the aerobic threshold intensity is not achieved during the first stage of incremental treadmill tests.

The Effect of Aging on the Lactate Threshold in Untrained Men

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fiona Iredale ◽  
Myra A. Nimmo
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Treadmill Protocol

Thirty-three men (age 26–55 years) who did not exercise regularly were exercised to exhaustion using an incremental treadmill protocol. Blood lactate concentration was measured to identify lactate threshold (LT, oxygen consumption at which blood lactate concentration begins to systematically increase). The correlation coefficient for LT (ml · kg−1 · min−1) with age was not significant, but when LT was expressed as a percentage of peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak), the correlation was r = +.69 (p < .01). This was despite a lack of significant correlation between age and VO2 peak (r = −.33). The correlation between reserve capacity (the difference between VO2 peak and LT) and age was r = −.73 (p < .01 ), and reserve capacity decreased at a rate of 3.1 ml · kg−1 · min−1 per decade. It was concluded that the percentage of VO2 peak at which LT occurs increases progressively with age, with a resultant decrease in reserve capacity.

scholarly journals Validating Physiological and Biomechanical Parameters during Continuous Swimming at Speed Corresponding to Lactate Threshold

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Gavriil G. Arsoniadis ◽  
Ioannis S. Nikitakis ◽  
Petros G. Botonis ◽  
Ioannis Malliaros ◽  
Argyris G. Toubekis
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
The Individual

AIM: The purpose of this study was to validate the physiological responses and biomechanical parameters during continuous swimming at intensity corresponding to lactate threshold previously calculated by an intermittent, progressively increasing speed test (7 × 200-m). MATERIAL & METHOD: Nine competitive male and female swimmers (age, 19.2 ± 2.3 years; height, 175.3 ± 7.5 cm; body mass, 67.6 ± 8.7 kg; VO2max, 46.5 ± 15.6 mL/kg/min) performed a 7 × 200-m front crawl test reaching maximum speed in the last effort. Blood lactate concentration (BL) and oxygen uptake (VO2) were determined after each repetition, while heart rate (HR) was recorded continuously. Stroke rate (SR) and stroke length (SL) were measured in each 200-m effort. The speed at lactate threshold (sLT) was calculated using the individual speed vs. BL, and subsequently BL, VO2, HR, SR, and SL corresponding to sLT were calculated (BL-sLT, VO2-sLT, HR-sLT, SR-sLT, and SL-sLT). On a subsequent day, swimmers performed 30-min continuous swimming (T30) with a constant speed corresponding to sLT. BL, V02, HR, SR, and SL (BL-T30, V02-T30, HR-T30, SR-T30, and SL-T30) were measured in the 10th and 30th minutes of the T30 test, and the mean values were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The speed corresponding to sLT was not different from the speed at T30 (1.33 ± 0.08 vs. 1.32 ± 0.09 m/s, p > 0.05). There was no difference between tests in VO2 (VO2-sLT, 34.9 ± 13.3 vs. VO2-T30, 32.1 ± 11.4 ml/kg/min, p = 0.47). However, not all swimmers were able to complete T30 at sLT, and BL, HR, and SR were higher, while SL was lower at the end of T30 compared to sLT (BL-sLT, 3.47 ± 0.60 mmol/L vs. BL-T30, 5.28 ± 3.15 mmol/L, p = 0.05; HR-sLT, 163 ± 10 vs. HR-T30, 171 ± 11 b/min, p = 0.03; SR-sLT, 28.0 ± 4.0 vs. SR-T30, 33.8 ± 3.2 strokes/min, p < 0.001; SL-sLT, 2.6 ± 0.4 vs. SL-T30, 2.4 ± 0.3 m/cycles, p < 0.001). A Bland-and-Altman plot indicated agreement between 7 × 200 and T30 in BL (bias 1.8 ± 2.4 mmol/L), VO2 (bias −2.9 ± 11.4 ml/kg/min), HR (bias 10.3 ± 12 b/min), SR (bias 5.3 ± 3.4 strokes/min), and SL (bias −0.3 ± 0.2 m/cycle), but the range of physiological and biomechanical data variations was large. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous swimming at speed corresponding to lactate threshold may not show the same physiological and biomechanical responses as those predicted by a progressively increasing speed test of 7 × 200-m.

Effects of detraining on responses to submaximal exercise

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Coyle ◽  
W. H. Martin ◽  
S. A. Bloomfield ◽  
O. H. Lowry ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzyme ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Long Time

Seven endurance-trained subjects were studied 12, 21, 56, and 84 days after cessation of training. Heart rate, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood lactate concentration during submaximal exercise of the same absolute intensity increased (P less than 0.05) progressively during the first 56 days of detraining, after which a stabilization occurred. These changes paralleled a 40% decline (P less than 0.001) in mitochondrial enzyme activity levels and a 21% increase in total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (P less than 0.05) in trained skeletal muscle. After 84 days of detraining, the experimental subjects' muscle mitochondrial enzyme levels were still 50% above, and LDH activity was 22% below, sedentary control levels. The blood lactate threshold of the detrained subjects occurred at higher absolute and relative (i.e., 75 +/- 2% vs. 62 +/- 3% of maximal O2 uptake) exercise intensities in the subjects after 84 days of detraining than in untrained controls (P less than 0.05). Thus it appears that a portion of the adaptation to prolonged and intense endurance training that is responsible for the higher lactate threshold in the trained state persists for a long time (greater than 85 days) after training is stopped.

Early adaptations in blood substrates, metabolites, and hormones to prolonged exercise training in man

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Green ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
M. Ball-Burnett ◽  
I. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Male Subjects

This study was designed to investigate the effect of short-term, submaximal training on changes in blood substrates, metabolites, and hormonal concentrations during prolonged exercise at the same power output. Cycle training was performed daily by eight male subjects ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) for 10–12 days with each exercise session lasting for 2 h at an average intensity of 59% of [Formula: see text]. This training protocol resulted in reductions (p < 0.05) in blood lactate concentration (mM) at 15 min (2.96 ± 0.46 vs. 1.73 ± 0.23), 30 min (2.92 ± 0.46 vs. 1.70 ± 0.22), 60 min (2.96 ± 0.53 vs. 1.72 ± 0.29), and 90 min (2.58 ± 1.3 vs. 1.62 ± 0.23) of exercise. The reduction in blood lactate was also accompanied by lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of both ammonia and uric acid. Similarly, following training lower concentrations (p < 0.05) were observed for blood β-hydroxybutyrate (60 and 90 min) and serum free fatty acids (90 min). Blood glucose (15 and 30 min) and blood glycerol (30 and 60 min) were higher (p < 0.05) following training, whereas blood alanine and pyruvate were unaffected. For the hormones insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, only epinephrine and norepinephrine were altered with training. For both of the catecholamines, the exercise-induced increase was blunted (p < 0.05) at both 60 and 90 min. As indicated by the changes in blood lactate, ammonia, and uric acid, a depression in glycolysis and IMP formation is suggested as an early adaptive response to prolonged submaximal exercise training.Key words: exercise, training, blood metabolites, substrates, hormones.

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