scholarly journals Mechanisms by Which Fermented Soybean Meal and Soybean Meal Induced Enteritis in Marine Fish Juvenile Pearl Gentian Grouper

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Beiping Tan ◽  
Junming Deng ◽  
Xiaohui Dong ◽  
Qihui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Genes ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean

Soy meals can cause intestinal inflammation and even injury in animals, especially infants and juvenile individuals. This study investigated the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the growth and intestinal homeostasis of juvenile pearl gentian grouper and examined the mechanisms by which FSBM and soybean meal (SBM) induced enteritis in fish, using “3+2” full-length transcriptome sequencing. We randomly assigned 720 female juvenile groupers into three treatment groups: FM control group, 20% FSBM group (FSBM20), and FSBM40 group (n = 4). Three iso-nitrogenous (50% protein) and iso-lipidic (10% lipid) diets were prepared and fed to fish for 10 weeks. The water volume in each barrel was about 1 m3, using natural light and temperature. Results showed that dietary FSBM, at experimental level, significantly affected fish growth and intestinal structure negatively and significantly increased enteritis indices. The degree of intestinal injury and inflammation was determined by the enzyme activities of trypsin and lysozyme, and the contents of IgM, C3, C4, and malondialdehyde, and the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes (IL1β, IL8, IL17, and TNFα) and anti-inflammatory genes (IL4, IL10, and TGFβ1). Full-length transcriptome analysis identified 2,305 and 3,462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SBM40 and FSBM40 groups, respectively. However, only 18.98% (920/5,445) of DEGs had similar expression patterns, indicating that high levels of SBM40 and FSBM40 have different metabolic strategies. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that among the significant pathways, ~45% were related to immune diseases/systems, infectious diseases, and signal transduction in both SBM and FSBM groups. Based on PacBio SMRT sequencing, nine toll-like receptor (TLR) members, including TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR8, TLR9, TLR13, TLR21, and TLR22, were detected in intestinal tissues of pearl gentian grouper. TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway played an important role in the development of FSBM- and SBM-induced enteritis in pearl gentian grouper; however, TLR receptors used in SBM and FSBM groups were different. TLR1, TLR8, TLR13, and TLR22 were the main receptors used in FSBM group, while TLR5, TLR8, TLR9, TLR21, and TLR22 were the main receptors used in SBM group. Present study provides valuable theoretical references for further research on soy protein-induced enteritis in fish.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diet with Fermented Soybean Meal on Blood Metabolites and Redox Status of Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-611
Author(s):  
Iwona Sembratowicz ◽  
Robert Chachaj ◽  
Magdalena Krauze ◽  
Katarzyna Ognik
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine whether replacing soybean meal with 3% or 6% fermented soybean meal would positively affect blood metabolites and redox status of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on 600 broiler chickens assigned to three experimental groups of 200 chickens each (10 replications of 20 individuals each). In the control group, soybean meal (SBM) was the main source of dietary protein, whereas the remaining groups were fed diets in which soybean meal was partially replaced with 3% or 6% fermented soybean meal (FSBM-3%, FSBM-6%). The fermentation of the SBM contributed to an increase of Lactobacillus, content of crude protein, methionine and lysine, and especially over a 30-fold increase in the concentration of lactic acid. The inclusion of 3% or 6% share of FSBM in the diet of chickens contributed to an increase in total antioxidant potential (FRAP) and plasma total glutathione content. In blood of chickens receiving FSBM an increase of total protein and HDL cholesterol content, aspartate aminotransferase activity and a decrease in urea content were noted. In addition to the positive effect on protein and lipid metabolism as well as antioxidant defence, the diet with a 6% share of FSBM improved body weight gain of chickens. In conclusion, it can be suggested that introducing 6% share of FSBM in place of FSM is more justified.

scholarly journals Multiomics analysis of soybean meal induced marine fish enteritis in juvenile pearl gentian grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Beiping Tan ◽  
Junming Deng ◽  
Zhang Haitao
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Human Beings

AbstractAs an important protein source, soybean products can cause intestinal inflammation and injury in many animals including human beings, particularly infants and juvenile individuals. Research in this field has been performed for terrestrial animals and fish, but still lacks integrity and systematicness. In this study, the main biological processes in the intestinal tract of marine fish juvenile pearl gentian grouper in the state of soybean meal-induced enteritis (SBMIE) were analyzed. A total of 720 groupers with an approximate initial weight of 12.5 g were randomly divided into three groups: the fish meal (FM) control group, the 20% SBM group (SBM20), and the SBM40 group (n = 4). Three iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were prepared and fed to fish for 10 weeks. Each barrel contained a water volume of about 1 m3 in and was exposed to natural light and temperature. Results indicated that the growth and physiology of groupers fed with SBM were significantly negatively affected, with the gene expressions of intestinal structural protein abnormal. 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that the intestinal microflora played an important role in the pathogenesis of pearl gentian grouper SBMIE, which may activate a variety of pathogen pattern recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors, and nod-like receptors. Transcriptome analysis revealed that changes of the SBMIE signaling pathway in pearl gentian groupers were conservative to some extent than that of terrestrial animals and freshwater fish. Moreover, the TLRs-nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway becomes activated, which played an important role in SBMIE. Meanwhile, the signal pathways related to nutrient absorption and metabolism were generally inhibited. Metabolomics analysis showed that isoflavones and saponins accounted for a large proportion in the potential biomarkers of pearl gentian grouper SBMIE, and most of the biomarkers had significantly positive or negative correlations with each other; 56 metabolites were exchanged between intestinal tissues and contents, which may play an important role in the development of enteritis, including unsaturated fatty acids, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, small peptides, and nucleotides, etc. These results provide a basic theoretical reference for solving the intestinal issues of fish SBMIE and research of inflammatory bowel disease in mammals.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fermented Soybean Meal on Performance, Biochemical and Immunological Blood Parameters in Turkeys

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1049
Author(s):  
Robert Chachaj ◽  
Iwona Sembratowicz ◽  
Magdalena Krauze ◽  
Anna Stępniowska ◽  
Elżbieta Rusinek-Prystupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the effect of different levels of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, intestinal morphology, metabolic indicators, and immunity in turkeys. The material for the study consisted of day-old BIG 6 turkeys raised to the age of 112 days. The experiment was carried out on 800 turkey hens (10 replications of 20 individuals each), assigned to 4 experimental groups of 200 birds each. The feed for the control group (FSBM0) was a standard mix without fermented soybean meal. For turkeys from groups FSBM7, FSBM9 and FSBM10 the diet contained 70, 90 or 100 g fermented soybean meal (FSBM) per kg of feed, respectively. The study showed that including fermented soybean meal in feed for turkeys at 7% improved intestinal histology and stimulated the immune and antioxidant systems. The use of higher level of FSBM (9% and 10%) in the diet of the turkeys improved growth performance and had a beneficial effect on the histology of the small intestine. The dietary inclusion of 10% FSBM had beneficial effect on red-blood-cell parameters, but caused negative impact on liver and kidney function (an increase of aminotransferases activity, content of glucose and creatinine in turkeys’ blood). Ten percent share of FSBM in feed contributed to an adverse intensification of oxidation and inflammatory reactions which were reflected by an increase of malonyldialdehyde, lipid peroxides level and proinflammatory inteleukine-6 contents.

scholarly journals Fermented soybean meal extract improves oxidative stress factors in the lung of inflammation/infection animal model

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (13) ◽  
pp. 1507-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Miri ◽  
Reza Hajihosseini ◽  
Hamed Saedi ◽  
Maryam Vaseghi ◽  
Azadeh Rasooli
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean

Abstract Context Fermented soybean products have been used in various ways, and more research is being conducted on them to reveal their benefit. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative activity of fermented soybean meal extract by Lactobacillus plantarum in vitro and in vivo tests. Materials and methods A Lactobacillus plantarum strain RM10 was selected through plate and fermentation experiment, which increased the degree of protein hydrolysis (1.015 μg/mL) and antioxidant activity in soybean meal fermented by selected bacteria (FSBM). In vivo study was done on septic rats as an inflammation/infection model, and then the trial groups were treated with different concentrations of fermented soybean meal extracts (FSBM, 5, 10, and 20%). Results DPPH radical-scavenging and ferrozine ion-chelating activity enhanced (P < 0.05) after fermentation of soybean meal compared to control group. Reduced (P < 0.05) expression of inflammatory genes and enzymes was detected in the lungs of rats treated with fermented soybean meal extract. Discussion and conclusions These results demonstrated that a diet containing fermented soybean meal extract improved extreme inflammatory response in an infectious disease like sepsis by reducing inflammatory factors.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fermented Soybean Meal on Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Neonatal Turkey Poults

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Arantxa Morales-Mena ◽  
Sergio Martínez-González ◽  
Kyle D. Teague ◽  
Lucas E. Graham ◽  
Roberto Señas-Cuesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Turkey Poults

This study’s objective was to evaluate the effect of the fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on Salmonella typhimurium (ST) to turkey poults using two models of infection. In the prophylactic model, one-day-old turkeys were randomly allocated to one of four different groups (n = 30 turkeys/group): (1) Control group, (2) FSBM group, (3) Control group challenged with ST (Control + ST), and (4) FSBM group challenged with ST (FSBM + ST). On day 9 of age, all poults were orally challenged with 106 colony forming units (CFU) ST and 24 h post-inoculation, intestinal samples were collected to determine ST recovery and morphometric analysis. Blood samples were collected to evaluate serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d). In the therapeutic model, a similar experimental design was used, but turkeys were orally gavaged 104 CFU ST on day 1, and samples were collected at day 7. FSBM improved performance and reduced leaky gut in both experimental infective models. In the prophylactic model, FSBB induced morphology changes in the mucosa. Although the strains (Lactobacillus salivarius and Bacillus licheniformis) used for the fermentation process showed in vitro activity against ST, no significant effect was observed in vivo. The fermentation with different beneficial bacteria and different inclusion rates of FSBM requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Feeding diets with graded levels of fermented soybean meal to Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931): Effect on digestive enzymes, immune responses and carcass composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
SR. Jannathulla ◽  
H. Imran Khan ◽  
D. Thulasi ◽  
S. Kathyayani ◽  
K. Ambasankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Significant Difference

A 45-days indoor trial was performed to assess the effect of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on digestive enzyme activity, immune responses and carcass composition of amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals in Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). Five iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated by replacing fishmeal (w/w) with FSBM (200, 250, 300. 350 and 400 g kg-1). A total of 300 juveniles (3.08±0.07 g) were randomly distributed to the experimental tanks at the rate of twenty shrimp per tank with three replications for each treatment. Protease activity (p<0.05) decreased with increase in the inclusion level of fermented ingredients. Shrimp fed with FSBM300 diet had a significantly (p<0.05) higher amylase activity than others. Whereas, the lipase activity was not affected significantly due to the dietary change. Total haemocyte count varied from 11.24 to18.54x106 cells ml-1 in FSBM diet fed shrimps. Control group showed highest activity of phenoloxidase (2.85 dopochrome ml-1) but it did not significantly differ from other treatments. Shrimp fed fermented ingredients had no significant difference in carcass amino acids. Eicosapentaenoic (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acids (C22:6) were significantly (p<0.05) affected in shrimp reared with FSBM350 and FSBM400 diets. Calcium had a significant difference between the treatments, while other elements were not influenced. The results concluded that fishmeal could be partially substituted with fermented ingredients in the diet of P. vannamei without having any negative effect on immune responses and carcass micro-nutrients.

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