scholarly journals Changes in the Concentration of Purine and Pyridine as a Response to Single Whole-Body Cryostimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioleta Dudzinska ◽  
Anna Lubkowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Purine Catabolism ◽  
Atp Concentration ◽  
Cellular Bioenergetics

To our knowledge, this is the first study in which we provide evidence that a single whole-body cryostimulation treatment leads to changes associated with erythrocyte energy metabolism. These changes are beneficial from the point of view of cellular bioenergetics, because they are associated with an increase in ATP concentration and erythrocyte energy potential expressed by an increase in the ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios and the value of adenylate energy charge (AEC). In addition, as affected by cryogenic temperatures, there is a decrease in the concentration of purine catabolism products, i.e., inosine and hypoxanthine in the blood.

Investigation of adenylate energy charge, phosphorylation potential, and ATP concentration in cells stressed with starvation and heat

1985 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart K. Calderwood ◽  
Edward A. Bump ◽  
Mary Ann Stevenson ◽  
Ine Van Kersen ◽  
George M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Phosphorylation Potential ◽  
Atp Concentration ◽  
In Cells

Regulation on Energy Metabolism and Protection on Mitochondria of Panax Ginseng Polysaccharide

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (06) ◽  
pp. 1139-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Tai Li ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Li-Ming Jin ◽  
Hui-Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Ginseng Polysaccharide

Panax ginseng C A Meyer (PG) is one of the most popular qi-invigorating herbal medicine and has been used to promote health, vitality, and longevity in China. Although PG has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for millennia, its qi-invigorating activities still lack convincing evidence. We investigated the effects of Panax ginseng polysaccharide (PGP) on energy metabolism and mitochondrial protection. The chronic hypoxia model was set up. Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) was assayed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) colorimetry. Mice liver mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation. The spectrophotometric method was used to measure the swelling of mitochondria. The levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in liver cells were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), adenylate energy charge (AEC), total adenylate pool (TAP), ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratio were calculated. The creatine kinase (CK) activities in mice skeletal muscle were determined by a commercial monitoring kit. The result showed that PGP could inhibit mitochondrial injury and swelling induced by Fe 2+-L-Cys in a concentration-dependent manner. PGP which was administered by oral gavage daily for 10 days could inhibit the formation of MDA in mice brain, increase levels of ATP, ADP, TAP and AEC, ratio of ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP in liver cells, increase CK activities in mice skeletal muscle under chronic hypoxia condition. These results indicate that PGP protect mitochondria by inhibiting mitochondrial swelling, and improving energy metabolism. PGP functions as a preventive antioxidant by increasing CK activities. Therefore, PGP had the pharmaceutical activities of antihypoxia, antioxidation and improving energy status.

scholarly journals Influence of Blood Glucose Concentration on Brain Lactate Accumulation during Severe Hypoxia and Subsequent Recovery of Brain Energy Metabolism

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gardiner ◽  
Maj-Lis Smith ◽  
Erik Kågström ◽  
Esther Shohami ◽  
Bo K. Siesjö
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Brain Energy Metabolism ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Brain Energy ◽  
Brain Lactate

The effects of hypoxaemia on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain cortical metabolite concentrations were investigated at different blood glucose concentrations in rats under nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Tissue hypoxia of 15-min duration was induced by a combination of arterial hypoxaemia, hypotension, and clamping of the right carotid artery. Blood glucose concentrations were manipulated by varying the food intake in the 24 h before the experiment, and by glucose administration. Cortical CBF doubled during hypoxia on the intact side, but did not differ significantly from control values on the clamped side. In the clamped hemisphere there was a substantial decrease in adenylate energy charge. At brain tissue glucose concentrations of 1 μmol g−1 and above, there was an inverse correlation between adenylate energy charge and brain lactate concentration. In starved animals with mean brain glucose of 0.32 ± 0.00 μmol g−1, lactate concentration was significantly lower, in spite of equally severe disruption of energy state. Recovery of brain adenylate energy charge was worse in fed and glucose-infused groups than in the fasted group. These results demonstrate that limitation of substrate supply during severe hypoxia in the rat allows enhanced recovery of brain energy metabolism following the hypoxic episode.

scholarly journals Regulation of the receptor for platelet-activating factor on human platelets

1993 ◽  
Vol 291 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Burgers ◽  
J W N Akkerman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase C Inhibitor

Human platelets possess about 300 receptors for platelet-activating factor (PAF) per cell with a Kd of about 0.2 nM. In the present study we investigated whether these receptors are subject to intracellular control mechanisms. Preincubation with the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine had no effect, and also agents that increase cyclic AMP failed to change the binding of [3H]PAF. The Ca(2+)-calmodulin inhibitors W-7 and sphingosine decreased PAF binding by 50-80%. Inhibition of energy metabolism induced a fall in adenylate energy charge [AEC = ([ATP] + 1/2[ADP])([ATP + ADP + AMP])] and an almost parallel decrease in specific [3H]PAF binding without changing the Kd. Restoration of the AEC restored the [3H]PAF binding. Abrupt arrest of energy metabolism during binding of [3H]PAF left the binding unchanged until the metabolic ATP level had decreased by about 90%. These data indicate that PAF receptors on human platelets are under close intracellular control, possibly via a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation process.

scholarly journals Changes in Adenylate Nucleotides Concentration and , -ATPase Activities in Erythrocytes of Horses in Function of Breed and Sex

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Suska ◽  
Ewa Skotnicka
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Energetic Metabolism ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Atp Concentration ◽  
Constitution Type ◽  
Breed Horse

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP (HPLC methods), total nucleotide pool (TAN), adenylate energy charge (AEC) and , -ATPase erythrocytic activities (by Choi's method) of horses as a function of breed and sex. The studies were conducted on 54 horses (stallions and mares) of different constitution types: breathing constitution (Wielkopolska and Hanoverian breed) and digestive constitution (Ardenian breed). Horse erythrocytes, independently of examined breed, present low ATP concentration in comparison to other mammal species while retaining relatively high AEC. Erythrocytes of breathing constitution type horses appear to have a more intensive glucose metabolism and a more efficient energetic metabolism when compared to digestive constitution type horses. The conclusions may be proven by significantly higher ATP concentration, higher TAN and significantly higher AEC in breathing constitution type horses compared to the digestive constitution type. Sex does not significantly influence adenine nucleotides concentration in the erythrocytes of the examined horses, however, stallions have slightly higher values in comparison to mares. A positive correlation was found between , , -ATPase activity, ATP, ADP and AMP concentration and TAN in Wielkopolska and Ardenian breeds, which was not confirmed for the Hanoverian breed.

scholarly journals Energy metabolism and performance of Mytilus galloprovincialis under anaerobiosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M.F. Babarro ◽  
Uxío Labarta ◽  
María José Fernández Reiriz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Survival Potential ◽  
And Performance

Intertidal individuals of Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed to anaerobiosis in laboratory at 22°C and a set of biochemical metabolites and survival potential determined. Differences in survival potential between individuals emersed or kept in oxygen-free seawater were residual according to ST50 values (survival time, P[asymp ]0.05) but emersed individuals survived significantly longer when considering ST90–100 values (P<0.05). Anaerobiosis was similarly activated under both emersion and incubation in anoxic seawater after 6 h according to a seven-fold increase in succinate. Longer exposure of individuals (up to 48 h) caused succinate (and propionate) to increase but in a higher magnitude under incubation with anoxic seawater. Propionate appeared in soft tissues after 24 h of incubation in anoxic seawater and after 48 h when individuals were emersed. Glycogen was not utilized after 6 h in any case, but was progressively used with longer exposure times and in a higher magnitude under incubation in anoxic seawater (48 h). Adenylate energy charge (AEC) was highly affected by both exposure time (P<0.001) and anaerobic treatment (P<0.01). Rapid breakdown of ATP and phospho-L-arginine (PLA) did occur during the first 24 h of anaerobiosis, the latter ATP drop was accompanied by slight increase of ADP but strong increase of AMP that accumulated in a higher magnitude under incubation in anoxic seawater. Biochemical results of the present study suggested a certain degree of aerobiosis for emersed M. galloprovincialis that in turn is linked to a slight but significant longer survival performance. Most significant biochemical changes occurred during the first 24 h of oxygen deprivation, but significant differences between treatments were observed after 24–48 h. These lag differences in biochemical metabolites together with more accurate survival analyses have to be considered when investigating the energy metabolism linked to the anaerobic performance of M. galloprovincialis.

Gastric Subcellular Organelle Fragility and Impaired Gastric Energy Charge Levels in Rats with Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: Protective Effect of Anti-Ulcer Agent, Teprenone

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
T Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Gastric Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzyme ◽  
Subcellular Organelle

When rats were given a supramaximal dose of caerulein (infused intravenously at 5 μg/kg.h for 4 h) they developed acute pancreatitis characterized by significantly raised amylase levels in the blood. In this model of acute pancreatitis, reduced gastric adenylate energy charge levels were observed, and the leakage of the lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin B, from gastric lysosomes and of the mitochondrial enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, from gastric mitochondria were both significantly accelerated compared with the control group. The intragastric administration of the anti-ulcer agent, teprenone, at a dose of 5 mg/kg (twice before caerulein infusion) significantly inhibited this gastric damage accompanying acute pancreatitis. These results suggest that gastric subcellular organelle fragility may play an important role in the pathogenesis of impaired gastric energy metabolism accompanying acute pancreatitis, and indicate the possible usefulness of teprenone in preventing this gastric damage.

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