scholarly journals Function Analysis of P450 and GST Genes to Imidacloprid in Aphis craccivora (Koch)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Xue Yang ◽  
Rong-Hua Lin ◽  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Ai-Yu Wang ◽  
Chao Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Diethyl Maleate ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Aphis craccivora (Koch) is an economically important pest that affects legumes in worldwide. Chemical control is still the primary efficient method for A. craccivora management. However, the mechanism underlying insecticide resistance in A. craccivora has not been elucidated. A previous study observed that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) significantly synergized imidacloprid in A. craccivora field populations, indicating that cytochrome P450 (P450) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes may play pivotal roles in imidacloprid resistance. In this study, 38 P450 genes and 10 GST genes were identified in A. craccivora through transcriptomic analysis. The expression levels of these P450 and GST genes were measured in susceptible (SUS) strains of A. craccivora under imidacloprid treatment with LC15, LC50, and LC85 doses. The expression levels of CYP18A1, CYP6CY21, CYP6DA1, CYP6DA2, CYP4CJ1, CYP4CJ2, and CYP380C6 were up-regulated in the three treatments. Most of these genes belong to CYP3 and CYP4 Clans. In addition, the expression levels of all P450 and GST genes in A. craccivora were also measured in the Juye (JY) and Linqing (LQ) field populations. The expression levels of CYP6DA2, CYP4CJ1, and CYP380C6 were up-regulated in the SUS strain after imidacloprid treatment at three doses, and these genes were overexpressed in the JY population. Furthermore, the sensitivity of A. craccivora to imidacloprid was significantly increased after knockdown of CYP380C6 and CYP6DA2 through RNA interference. These results may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying of imidacloprid resistance in A. craccivora.

scholarly journals The role of detoxifying enzymes in the resistance of the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) to thiamethoxam

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Saleh Abdallah ◽  
Hala Mohamed Abou-Yousef ◽  
Eman Atef Fouad ◽  
Mohammed Abd El-Hady Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Abstract The cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) is considered a serious insect pest attacking several crops. We carried out biochemical studies to elucidate the role of the metabolising enzymes in conferring resistance to thiamethoxam, in two strains (resistant and susceptible) of the cowpea aphid. Bioassay experiments showed that the thiamethoxam selected strain developed a 48 fold resistance after consecutive selection with thiamethoxam for 12 generations. This resistant strain also exhibited cross-resistance to the tested carbamates; pirimicarb and carbosulfan, organophosphorus (malathion, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos-methyl), and the neonicotinoid (acetamiprid). Synergism studies have indicated that S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), a known inhibitor for esterases, increased thiamethoxam toxicity 5.58 times in the resistant strain compared with the susceptible strain. Moreover, the biochemical determination revealed that carboxylestersae activity was 30 times greater in the resistant strain than in the susceptible strain. In addition, the enzyme activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and mixed function oxidases (mfo) increased only in the resistant strain 3.7 and 2.7 times, respectively, in relation to the susceptible (the control). Generally, our results suggest that the higher activity of the detoxifying enzymes, particularly carboxylesterase, in the resistant strain of the cowpea aphid, apparently have a significant role in endowing resistance to thiamethoxam, although additional mechanisms may contribute.

scholarly journals Role of metabolic enzymes in resistance to chlorpyrifos-methyl in the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch)

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
El-Sayed Mohammad Soliman Mokbel ◽  
Eman Saed Hassan Swelam ◽  
Eman Mohamed Mostafa Radwan ◽  
Mohammed Abd-Elhady Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

AbstractThe cowpea aphid,Aphis craccivoramanagement relies mainly on chemical control. As a result extensive and repeated treatment of insecticides has led to the development of aphid resistance to commonly used insecticides. To investigate chlorpyrifos-methyl resistance inA. craccivora, a field strain was selected for 24-generations to achieve a resistance factor of 82.3 fold compared with a susceptible strain. In the resistant strain, malathion and lambda-cyhalothrin exhibited obvious cross-resistance; while fenvalerate and dinotefuran showed moderate cross-resistance. In contrast, slight or no cross-resistance was obtained with the other tested insecticides. To investigate metabolic resistance mechanisms, integration of biochemical and synergism assays was conducted. Results showed the key role of esterase (EST) and mixed function oxidases (MFO); however, glutathione-s-transferase (GST) contributed less to resistance. Cross-resistance studies showed the need for rotation with non-cross resistant insecticides as a resistance management tactic.

Potency of Three Botanical Oils Against the Aphis Craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) Nymphs Under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
MS Yasmin ◽  
MAA Bachchu ◽  
MA Alim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Oil Repellent ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Botanicals are promising and attractive alternatives for pest management. In the present study, three botanical oils namely neem (Azadirachta indica), karanja (Pongamia pinnata) and mehogony (Swietenia mahagoni) were tested against the nymphs of Aphis craccivora Koch to evaluate the toxic and repellent effects under laboratory conditions (25 ± 5oC, 65-75% RH). Four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) along with control were maintained with distilled water and tween-20 was used as emulsifier. Leaf dipped method were used for insect bioassay. Insect mortality was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours after intervals while repellency was carried out at 2 hours after intervals upto 10th hours and the collected data were analyzed through MSTAT-C program. Results indicated that all the tested oils had toxic and repellent effects against the A. craccivora nymphs. Among the tested botanical oils, no significant difference was observed in terms of mortality over treatment time. But significant difference was noticed over level of concentrations exerted by the botanical oils. The average highest mortality (28.62%) was recorded by the application of mehogony oil whereas neem oil showed the lowest mortality (27.21%) against the A. craccivora and the mortality was directly proportional to the level of concentrations and hour after treatment (HAT). Probit analysis showed the lowest LD50 values of mehogony oil which revealed the highest toxic effect against the nymph of bean aphid. The highest repellent effect (77.33%) was found in mehogony oil (repellent class IV) among all the botanical oils applied. On the contrary, neem (57.33%) and karanja (55.00%) oils belonged to the same repellent class that is repellent class II. Although all the tested botanical oils evaluated showed toxic and repellent effects but mehogony oil performed as the best potent oil against the nymphs. We therefore suggested using the mehogony oil for the management of bean aphid. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 139-154 (2021)

scholarly journals Doxorubicin Toxicity can be Ameliorated during Antioxidant L-Carnitine Supplementation

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othman A. Alshabanah ◽  
Mohamed M. Hafez ◽  
Mohamed M. Al-Harbi ◽  
Zeinab K. Hassan ◽  
Salim S. Al Rejaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
High Cumulative Dose ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Doxorubicin is an antibiotic broadly used in treatment of different types of solid tumors. The present study investigates whether L-carnitine, antioxidant agent, can reduce the hepatic damage induced by doxorubicin. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: group 1 was intraperitoneal injected with normal saline for 10 consecutive days; group 2, 3 and 4 were injected every other day with doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, i.p.), to obtain treatments with cumulative doses of 6, 12 and 18 mg/kg. The fifth group was injected with L-carnitine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days and the sixth group was received doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (200 mg/kg). High cumulative dose of doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) significantly increases the biochemical levels of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) p < 0.05 and decrease in glutathione (GSH ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHP x), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activity p < 0.05. The effect of doxorubicin on the activity of antioxidant genes was confirmed by real time PCR in which the expression levels of these genes in liver tissue were significantly decrease compared to control p < 0.05. Interestingly, L-carnitine supplementation completely reversed the biochemical and gene expression levels induced by doxorubicin to the control values. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that the reduction of antioxidant defense during doxorubicin administration resulted in hepatic injury could be prevented by L-carnitine supplementation by decreasing the oxidative stress and preserving both the activity and gene expression level of antioxidant enzymes.

scholarly journals Glutathione S-Transferases and Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Expression in Patients with Intracranial Tumors: Preliminary Report of 55 Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Cahit Kural ◽  
Arzu Kaya Kocdogan ◽  
Gulcin Güler Şimşek ◽  
Serpil Oğuztüzün ◽  
Pınar Kaygın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Normal Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
P450 Enzyme

Objective: Intracranial tumors are one of the most frightening and difficult-to-treat tumor types. In addition to surgery, protocols such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy also take place in the treatment. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are prominent drug-metabolizing enzymes in the human body. The aim of this study is to show the expression of GSTP1, GSTM1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1 in different types of brain tumors and compare our results with those in the literature. Subjects and Methods: The expression of GSTP1, GSTM1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1 was analyzed using immunostaining in 55 patients with intracranial tumors in 2016–2017. For GST and CYP expression in normal brain tissue, samples of a portion of surrounding normal brain tissue as well as a matched far neighbor of tumor tissue were used. The demographic features of the patients were documented and the expression results compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.72 years; 29 patients were female and 26 were male. Fifty-seven specimens were obtained from 55 patients. Among them, meningioma was diagnosed in 12, metastases in 12, glioblastoma in 9, and pituitary adenoma in 5. The highest GSTP1, GSTM1, and CYP­1A1 expressions were observed in pituitary adenomas. The lowest GSTP1 expression was detected in glioblastomas and the lowest CYP1B1 expression in pituitary adenomas. Conclusion: GSTP1 and CYP expression is increased in intracranial tumors. These results should be confirmed with a larger series and different enzyme subtypes.

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