scholarly journals Chronic Cranial Windows for Long Term Multimodal Neurovascular Imaging in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kıvılcım Kılıç ◽  
Michèle Desjardins ◽  
Jianbo Tang ◽  
Martin Thunemann ◽  
Smrithi Sunil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Reproducibility Of Results ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Neurovascular Imaging

Chronic cranial windows allow for longitudinal brain imaging experiments in awake, behaving mice. Different imaging technologies have their unique advantages and combining multiple imaging modalities offers measurements of a wide spectrum of neuronal, glial, vascular, and metabolic parameters needed for comprehensive investigation of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we detail a suite of surgical techniques for installation of different cranial windows targeted for specific imaging technologies and their combination. Following these techniques and practices will yield higher experimental success and reproducibility of results.

scholarly journals Brain imaging and human nutrition: which measures to use in intervention studies?

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (S1) ◽  
pp. S1-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane V. Sizonenko ◽  
Claudio Babiloni ◽  
Eveline A. de Bruin ◽  
Elizabeth B. Isaacs ◽  
Lena S. Jönsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Imaging Technologies ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Imaging Markers ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
The Brain

The present review describes brain imaging technologies that can be used to assess the effects of nutritional interventions in human subjects. Specifically, we summarise the biological relevance of their outcome measures, practical use and feasibility, and recommended use in short- and long-term nutritional studies. The brain imaging technologies described consist of MRI, including diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional MRI, as well as electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography, near-IR spectroscopy, positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computerised tomography. In nutritional interventions and across the lifespan, brain imaging can detect macro- and microstructural, functional, electrophysiological and metabolic changes linked to broader functional outcomes, such as cognition. Imaging markers can be considered as specific for one or several brain processes and as surrogate instrumental endpoints that may provide sensitive measures of short- and long-term effects. For the majority of imaging measures, little information is available regarding their correlation with functional endpoints in healthy subjects; therefore, imaging markers generally cannot replace clinical endpoints that reflect the overall capacity of the brain to behaviourally respond to specific situations and stimuli. The principal added value of brain imaging measures for human nutritional intervention studies is their ability to provide uniquein vivoinformation on the working mechanism of an intervention in hypothesis-driven research. Selection of brain imaging techniques and target markers within a given technique should mainly depend on the hypothesis regarding the mechanism of action of the intervention, level (structural, metabolic or functional) and anticipated timescale of the intervention's effects, target population, availability and costs of the techniques.

Intraoperative, postoperative and long-term oncosurgical safety of therapeutic mammaplasty

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (33) ◽  
pp. 1291-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Romics Jr. ◽  
Sophie Barrett ◽  
Sheila Stallard ◽  
Eva Weiler-Mithoff
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Breast Conservation ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Immediate Reconstruction ◽  
Oncological Safety

Introduction: (Pre)malignant lesion in the breast requiring mastectomy conventionally may be treated with breast conservation by using oncoplastic breast surgical techniques, which is called therapeutic mammaplasty. However, no reliable data has been published so far as regards the oncological safety of this method. Aim: The aim of the authors was to analyse the oncological safety of therapeutic mammaplasty in a series of patients. Method: 99 patients were treated with therapeutic mammaplasty and data were collected in a breast surgical database prospectively. Results were analysed with respect to intraoperative, postoperative and long-term oncological safety. Results: Incomplete resection rate was 14.1%, which correlated with tumour size (p = 0.023), and multifocality (p = 0.012). Time between surgery (therapeutic mammaplasty) and chemotherapy was similar to time between conventional breast surgeries (wide excision, mastectomy, mastectomy with immediate reconstruction) and chemotherapy (mean 29–31 days; p<0.05). Overall recurrence rate was 6.1%, locoregional recurrence rate was 2% during 27 month (1–88) mean follow-up. Conclusions: Since literature data are based on relatively short follow-up and low patient number, it is highly important that all data on therapeutic mammaplasty is collected in a prospectively maintained breast surgical database in order to determine true recurrence after long-follow-up. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1291–1296.

The Role of Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Gouty Arthritis of the Knee Case presentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2236-2239
Author(s):  
Marius Moga ◽  
Mark Edward Pogarasteanu ◽  
Dumitru Ferechide ◽  
Antoine Edu ◽  
Chen Feng Ifrim
Keyword(s):  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Functional Scores ◽  
Urate Crystals

Gout is a metabolic disease involving the impregnation of joints and other tissues with urate crystals. The onset is often brutal, and it manifests itself with pain and inflammation in the affected joint. The treatment usually involves rest, ice, NSAIDs and anti-gout medication. The long-term treatment involves medication and dietary changes. In the joint, urate crystals are deposited in the synovial, in the cartilage and in the menisci. In the arthroscopic practice, the gouty knee is a rare occurrence. We present a relevant case, that of a 57 years old patient without a prior gout diagnosis where we found urate crystal deposits covering the synovium, cartilage and meniscus, and we discuss the current and recent year Pub Med indexed literature in order to evaluate the possibilities for arthroscopic treatment of this pathology. We looked at the number of patients involved, their characteristics, and the surgical techniques used. We also looked at the temporal relation of the arthroscopic intervention to the recent gout attacks, and at the described lesions that were found. Also, we evaluated the papers for joint liquid analysis, gout drug treatment, and description of clinical aspects involved and associated lesions. Finally, we looked at the follow-up, at the functional scores used to monitor the patient�s evolution, at the associated medication and at the long-term outcomes, if described. We have found opinions to vary. In the end, we draw conclusions pertaining to the practical short-term and long-term use of knee arthroscopy in the treatment of gout.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Early Cochlear Implant Device Activation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Stefanie Bruschke ◽  
Uwe Baumann ◽  
Timo Stöver
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Sound Processor

Background: The cochlear implant (CI) is a standard procedure for the treatment of patients with severe to profound hearing loss. In the past, a standard healing period of 3–6 weeks occurred after CI surgery before the sound processor was initially activated. Advancements of surgical techniques and instruments allow an earlier initial activation of the processor within 14 days after surgery. Objective: Evaluation of the early CI device activation after CI surgery within 14 days, comparison to the first activation after 4–6 weeks, and assessment of the feasibility and safety of the early fitting over a 12 month observation period were the objectives of this study. Method: In a prospective study, 127 patients scheduled for CI surgery were divided into early fitting group (EF, n = 67) and control group (CG, n = 60). Individual questionnaires were used to evaluate medical and technical outcomes of the EF. Medical side effects, speech recognition, and follow-up effort were compared with the CG within the first year after CI surgery. Results: The early fitting was feasible in 97% of the EF patients. In the EF, the processor was activated 25 days earlier than in the CG. No major complications were observed in either group. At the follow-up appointments, side effects such as pain and balance problems occurred with comparable frequency in both groups. At initial fitting, the EF showed a significantly higher incidence of medical minor complications (p < 0.05). When developing speech recognition within the first year of CI use, no difference was observed. Furthermore, the follow-up effort within the first year after CI surgery was comparable in both groups. Conclusions: Early fitting of the sound processor is a feasible and safe procedure with comparable follow-up effort. Although more early minor complications were observed in the EF, there were no long-term wound healing problems caused by the early fitting. Regular inspection of the magnet strength is recommended as part of the CI follow-up since postoperative wound swelling must be expected. The early fitting procedure enabled a clear reduction in the waiting time between CI surgery and initial sound processor activation.

scholarly journals Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Elbow Treated with Arthroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0020
Author(s):  
Michael Ryan ◽  
Benton Emblom ◽  
E. Lyle Cain ◽  
Jeffrey Dugas ◽  
Marcus Rothermich
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Exclusion Criteria

Objectives: While numerous studies exist evaluating the short-term clinical outcomes for patients who underwent arthroscopy for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum, literature on long-term clinical outcomes for a relatively high number of this subset of patients from a single institution is limited. We performed a retrospective analysis on all patients treated surgically for OCD of the capitellum at our institution from January 2001 to August 2018. Our hypothesis was that clinical outcomes for patients treated arthroscopically for OCD of the capitellum would be favorable, with improved subjective pain scores and acceptable return to play for these patients. Methods: Inclusion criteria for this study included the diagnosis and surgical treatment of OCD of the capitellum treated arthroscopically with greater than 2-year follow-up. Exclusion criteria included any surgical treatment on the ipsilateral elbow prior to the first elbow arthroscopy for OCD at our institution, a missing operative report, and/or any portions of the arthroscopic procedure that were done open. Follow-up was achieved over the phone by a single author using three questionnaires: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons – Elbow (ASES-E), Andrews/Carson KJOC, and our institution-specific return-to-play questionnaire. Results: After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to our surgical database, our institution identified 101 patients eligible for this study. Of these patients, 3 were then excluded for incomplete operative reports, leaving 98 patients. Of those 98 patients, 81 were successfully contacted over the phone for an 82.7% follow-up rate. The average age for this group at arthroscopy was 15.2 years old and average post-operative time at follow-up was 8.2 years. Of the 81 patients, 74 had abrasion chondroplasty of the capitellar OCD lesion (91.4%) while the other 7 had minor debridement (8.6%). Of the 74 abrasion chondroplasties, 29 of those had microfracture, (39.2% of that subgroup and 35.8% of the entire inclusion group). Of the microfracture group, 4 also had an intraarticular, iliac crest, mesenchymal stem-cell injection into the elbow (13.7% of capitellar microfractures, 5.4% of abrasion chondroplasties, and 4.9% of the inclusion group overall). Additional arthroscopic procedures included osteophyte debridement, minor synovectomies, capsular releases, manipulation under anesthesia, and plica excisions. Nine patients had subsequent revision arthroscopy (11.1% failure rate, 5 of which were at our institution and 4 of which were elsewhere). There were also 3 patients within the inclusion group that had ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction/repair (3.7%, 1 of which was done at our institution and the other 2 elsewhere). Lastly, 3 patients had shoulder operations on the ipsilateral extremity (3.7%, 1 operation done at our institution and the other 2 elsewhere). To control for confounding variables, scores for the questionnaires were assessed only for patients with no other surgeries on the operative arm following arthroscopy (66 patients). This group had an adjusted average follow-up of 7.9 years. For the ASES-E questionnaire, the difference between the average of the ASES-E function scores for the right and the left was 0.87 out of a maximum of 36. ASES-E pain was an average of 2.37 out of a max pain scale of 50 and surgical satisfaction was an average of 9.5 out of 10. The average Andrews/Carson score out of a 100 was 91.5 and the average KJOC score was 90.5 out of 100. Additionally, out of the 64 patients evaluated who played sports at the time of their arthroscopy, 3 ceased athletic participation due to limitations of the elbow. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrated an excellent return-to-play rate and comparable subjective long-term questionnaire scores with a 11.1% failure rate following arthroscopy for OCD of the capitellum. Further statistical analysis is needed for additional comparisons, including return-to-play between different sports, outcome comparisons between different surgical techniques performed during the arthroscopies, and to what degree the size of the lesion, number of loose bodies removed or other associated comorbidities can influence long-term clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Miniature two-photon microscopy for enlarged field-of-view, multi-plane and long-term brain imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
Weijian Zong ◽  
Runlong Wu ◽  
Shiyuan Chen ◽  
Junjie Wu ◽  
Hanbin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon

Reoperative surgery in calves with a total artificial heart

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
H. Fukumasu ◽  
D.B. Olsen ◽  
J.H. Lawson ◽  
A. Mochizuki ◽  
N. Daitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Heart ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Total Artificial Heart ◽  
Reoperative Surgery ◽  
Left Thoracotomy ◽  
Right Thoracotomy ◽  
The Right

Two surgical techniques have been developed in our laboratory to deal with identifiable problems in long-term artificial heart experiments. A right thoracotomy is used to deal with problems such as extensive bleeding, which occur in the immediate postoperative stage of the experiment, while a left thoracotomy is used in cases in Which the original implantation is preceded by more than one week, since extensive adhesions complicate the right thoracotomy at that stage. Pulmonary problems have been eliminated as a primary cause of difficulties after reoperation, but infection remains a serious problem.

scholarly journals Characteristics and resolution of hypertension in obese African American bariatric cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Gandotra ◽  
Motahar Basam ◽  
Ankit Mahajan ◽  
Julius Ngwa ◽  
Gezzer Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
University Center ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Howard University ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
One Year

AbstractWeight reduction continues to be first-line therapy in the treatment of hypertension (HTN). However, the long-term effect of bariatric malabsorptive surgical techniques such as Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in the management of hypertension (HTN) is less clear. African Americans (AA) are disproportionately affected by obesity and hypertension and have inconsistent outcomes after bariatric surgery (BS). Despite a plethora of bariatric literature, data about characteristics of a predominantly AA bariatric hypertensive cohort including hypertension in obese (HIO) are scarce and underreported. The aims of this study were, (1) to describe the preoperative clinical characteristics of HIO with respect to HTN status and age, and (2) to identify predictors of HTN resolution one year after RYGB surgery in an AA bariatric cohort enrolled at the Howard University Center for Wellness and Weight Loss Surgery (HUCWWS). In the review of 169 AA bariatric patients, the average BMI was 48.50 kg/m2 and the average age was 43.86 years. Obese hypertensive patients were older (46 years vs. 37.89 years; p < .0001); had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM, 43.09% vs. 10.87%; p < .0001) and dyslipidemia (38.2% vs. 13.04%; p 0.002). Hypertensive AA who were taking ≥ 2 antihypertensive medications prior to RYGB were 18 times less likely to experience HTN resolution compared to hypertensive AA taking 0–1 medications, who showed full or partial response. Also, HIO was less likely to resolve after RYGB surgery in patients who needed ≥ 2 antihypertensive medications prior to surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Laryngeal stent for acute and chronic respiratory distress in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Ricart ◽  
Sergio Martín Rodríguez ◽  
Roberto Miguel Duré
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Laryngeal Stenosis ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis ◽  
Silicone Stent

Background: Laryngeal paralysis, failure of arytenoid cartilage, and vocal fold abduction are commonly seen in older medium to large breed dogs. Observation of laryngeal function in dogs and cats is performed by transoral visualization. There are a variety of surgical techniques; aspiration pneumonia is the most common complication associated with surgical correction of laryngeal paralysis. The aim of this case series is to report on the placement of a laryngeal silicone stent in seven dogs with laryngeal paralysis and its use as an alternative treatment of respiratory distress caused by laryngeal paralysis and/or its use for laryngeal stenosis as complication of laryngeal paralysis surgery.Case description: Seven dogs presented with either episode of gagging, mild-to-severe inspiratory distress, or cyanosis because of a laryngeal paralysis or laryngeal stenosis. In each case, the laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed by direct laryngoscopy. They were treated with a silicone laryngeal stent (Stening®) that substantially improved the clinical signs. Each dog had a different outcome because of other pathologies; however, the laryngeal pathology was successfully treated with the stent.Conclusion: The placement of the laryngeal stent is an easy technique to learn and practice, it could avoid the lifethreatening complications of the laryngeal paralysis at the acute phase, and it could be a noninvasive and long-term alternative therapy for laryngeal paralysis in dogs. The results in these clinical cases are encouraging for considering the laryngeal stent as a therapeutic alternative. Key words: Canine, Polyneuropathy, Prosthesis, Surgery.

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