Developmental Changes of the Ovary in Neonatal Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus)

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2020.601927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Rashedul Islam ◽

Osamu Ichii ◽

Teppei Nakamura ◽

Takao Irie ◽

Md. Abdul Masum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Development ◽

Developmental Changes ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Sigmodon Hispidus ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Primordial Follicles ◽

Forkhead Box ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Cotton Rats ◽

Almost All

The reproductive characteristics and ovarian development in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus, CRs) are unclear, although CRs are commonly used as animal models in biomedical research. We previously reported that young (6–8 weeks) CRs showed multi-oocyte follicles (MOFs) and double nucleated oocytes (DNOs) in different stages of follicles. The developmental changes in neonatal CR ovaries were investigated in the present study and were compared with our findings in previous studies of unique phenotypes, particularly in oocytes. CR ovaries at postnatal days (PND) 0, 4, and 7 were obtained from the Hokkaido Institute of Public Health. Samples were analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The general histology and folliculogenesis in CR ovaries were similar to those in other experimental rodents. However, DNOs were observed in all age categories and were frequently observed in primordial follicles, whereas MOFs started to develop from PND4 with greater frequency in primary follicles. Almost all developing follicles expressed DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 4 and forkhead box L2, which are representative markers of oocytes and follicular epithelial cells, respectively. Ki-67 staining demonstrated the proliferative activity of granulosa cells, but not of oocytes, in follicles. Moreover, rapid folliculogenesis of CR due to a small number of apoptotic oocytes was suggested, based on results of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, confirming the formation of DNOs or MOFs. These findings clarify the development of unique phenotypes of neonatal CR ovaries and support it as a useful model to better understand folliculogenesis and oocytogenesis as well as their abnormalities in humans and other animals.

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221 XENOESTROGENS EXPOSURE AT ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT DOSES ADVERSELY AFFECTS OVINE FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv22n1ab221 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 268

Author(s):

O. E. Rivera ◽

J. Varayoud ◽

H. A. Rodríguez ◽

C. E. Di Mauro ◽

M. Muãoz-de-Toro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Ovarian Development ◽

Science And Technology ◽

National Council ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Primordial Follicles ◽

Antral Follicles ◽

Theca Cells

The exposure to endocrine disrupters may affect reproduction. Our hypothesis suggested that neonatal endocrine disrupter exposure affects ovarian ovine development. Female lambs were s.c. exposed from postnatal Day (PND) 1 to PND 14 to environmentally relevant doses of diethylstilbe- strol (DES; 5 μg kg-1, n = 11), bisphenol A (BPA; 50 μg kg-1, n = 11), or vehicle [control (C), n = 14]. On PND 30, the ovaries were weighed and paraffin-embedded. The whole ovaries were sectioned in sets of 4 adjacent 5-μm serial sections taken 200 μm apart. Follicular dynamics were established by histomorphological features on pricosirius-hematoxylin-stained sections (at least 10 sections/ovary). The total number of fol- licles/ovary was obtained considering the number of sections and section thickness (≥25 000 follicles/ovary). Follicles of different classes and multioocyte follicles were expressed as a percentage. Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa), androgen receptor (AR), Ki-67 (proliferation marker), and p27 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B) was evaluated. Proliferative index was obtained using Ki-67 expression in the granulose cells (GC) and theca cells of antral follicles. Antral follicles with ≤1% Ki-67 were considered atretic. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post-tests were used; P < 0.05 was accepted as significant. In the developing ovaries (PND 1, 5, and 10; n = 3 for each day), the stromal cells showed a high expression of ERa on PND 1, decreasing with age. Estrogen receptor beta (ERfi) was positive in oocytes, CG, and stromal cells, with a temporal pattern opposite to that of ERa. Androgen receptor was found in oocytes, GC, and stromal cells without changes along the studied ages. Results at PND 30 showed that both xenostrogens adversely affect ovarian development. The BPA treatment reduced the ovarian weight without changes in the total number of follicles. Lambs exposed to DES and BPA showed a reduction of the percentage of primordial follicles (C = 59.4 ± 2.9; DES = 36.9 ± 7.3; BPA = 49.8 ± 1.6) but an increase of transitory (C = 29.2 ± 1.8; DES =48.1 ± 4.4; BPA = 41.9 ± 2.5) and pri- mary (C = 1.5 ± 0.2; DES = 5.1 ± 2.0; BPA = 2.9 ± 0.5) follicles. In addition, xenoestrogen treatment increased the number of antral atretic follicles (C = 16.3%; DES = 27.2%; BPA = 49.1%) associated with an increased p27 expression. Besides that, BPA group showed a higher proliferation of GC (C = 12.3 ± 2.6; DES = 31.5 ± 5.3; BPA = 37.0 ± 6.8) and theca cells (C = 1.0 ± 0.3; DES = 7.6 ± 1.9; BPA = 15.1 ± 4.2) in antral follicles and an increased incidence of multioocyte follicles (C = 4.2 ± 1.1; DES = 8.1 ± 2.0; BPA = 18.2 ± 3.9). Our results show that an early exposure to environmentally relevant doses of BPA or DES disrupts the ovine ovarian development and suggest that these effects may be mediated through the early expression of ovarian ER. Xenoestrogen exposure could effect ovarian function with consequences on female fertility. This work was supported by grants from the Universidad Nacional del Litoral (CAI+D program), Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, the Argentine National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCyT), and the Argentine National Council for Science and Technology (CONICET).

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Light and transmission electron microscopic characteristics of a novel Hepatozoon spp. in naturally infected cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus)

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-009-1562-2 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 1327-1332 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melanie A. Breshears ◽

Katherine M. Kocan ◽

Eileen M. Johnson ◽

Roger J. Panciera

Keyword(s):

Sigmodon Hispidus ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopic ◽

Cotton Rats

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The size of extracellular vesicles secreted by different types of stem cells

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez» ◽

10.25557/gm.2018.4.9747 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

И.Б. Алчинова ◽

М.В. Полякова ◽

И.Н. Сабурина ◽

М.Ю. Карганов

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Culture Media ◽

Living Organism ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Study Results ◽

Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Rat Adipose Tissue ◽

Almost All

Механизм терапевтического действия мультипотентных мезенхимных стволовых клеток (ММСК) на облученный организм в последнее время вызывает повышенный интерес исследователей. В качестве активного участника паракринного механизма реализации этого эффекта предлагают рассматривать внеклеточные везикулы, секретируемые практически всеми клетками живого организма. Цель работы: выделить и охарактеризовать внеклеточные везикулы, продуцируемые стволовыми клетками различной природы. Материалы и методы. Суспензии внеклеточных везикул, выделенных по модифицированному протоколу дифференциального центрифугирования из культуральных жидкостей от культур ММСК костного мозга человека 2-го пассажа и ММСК жировой ткани крысы 4-го пассажа, были проанализированы методом просвечивающей электронной микроскопии и методом анализа траекторий наночастиц. Результаты. Исследование показало наличие в обоих образцах микрочастиц размерами до и около 100 нм, однако процентное содержание частиц разных размеров в суспензии различалось для двух анализируемых типов клеток. Заключение. Полученные результаты могут свидетельствовать о специфике секреции, обусловленной клеточным типом. A mechanism of the therapeutic effect of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSC) on irradiated body has recently arisen much interest of researchers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by almost all cells of a living organism were suggested to actively contribute to the paracrine mechanism of this effect. The aim of the study was isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles produced by various types of stem cells. Materials and methods. Suspensions of EVs were isolated from culture media of passage 2 human bone marrow-derived MMSC and passage 4 rat adipose tissue-derived MMSC using a modified protocol of differential centrifugation and then studied using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Results. The study showed the presence of microparticles with a size of >100 nm in the examined samples. However, the percent content of particles with different sizes in the suspension was different in two analyzed types of cell culture. Conclusion. The study results might reflect a specificity of secretion determined by the cell type.

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Utilizing Nanoprobing and Circuit Diagnostics to Identify Key Failure Mechanism of Otherwise Nonvisible Defects in 20 nm Logic Devices

ISTFA 2014: Conference Proceedings from the 40th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2014p0196 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

M.K. Dawood ◽

C. Chen ◽

P.K. Tan ◽

S. James ◽

P.S. Limin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Failure Analysis ◽

Contact Layer ◽

Fault Isolation ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Logic Devices ◽

Technology Advancement ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Voltage Contrast ◽

Almost All ◽

20 Nm

Abstract In this work, we present two case studies on the utilization of advanced nanoprobing on 20nm logic devices at contact layer to identify the root cause of scan logic failures. In both cases, conventional failure analysis followed by inspection of passive voltage contrast (PVC) failed to identify any abnormality in the devices. Technology advancement makes identifying failure mechanisms increasingly more challenging using conventional methods of physical failure analysis (PFA). Almost all PFA cases for 20nm technology node devices and beyond require Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. Before TEM analysis can be performed, fault isolation is required to correctly determine the precise failing location. Isolated transistor probing was performed on the suspected logic NMOS and PMOS transistors to identify the failing transistors for TEM analysis. In this paper, nanoprobing was used to isolate the failing transistor of a logic cell. Nanoprobing revealed anomalies between the drain and bulk junction which was found to be due to contact gouging of different severities.

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Facile synthesis of Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles using Glechoma hederacea L. extract, and their activity against leukemia

Biomedical Microdevices ◽

10.1007/s10544-021-00557-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Renata Dobrucka ◽

Aleksandra Romaniuk-Drapała ◽

Mariusz Kaczmarek

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Ag Nanoparticles ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Leukemia Cell ◽

Leukemia Cell Line ◽

Mtt Test ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Almost All ◽

Glechoma Hederacea

AbstractMetal combinations have been attracting the attention of scientists for some time. They usually exhibit new characteristics that are different from the ones possessed by their components. In this work, Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles were synthesized biologically using Glechoma hederacea L. extract. The synthesized Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The microscopic methods confirmed the presence of spherical nanoparticles of 50–70 nm. The influence of biologically synthesized Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles on the vitality of human cells was evaluated in vitro with the use of established human Acute T Cell Leukemia cell line, Jurkat (ATCC® TIB-152™), as well as mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood (PBMC) of voluntary donors. Cell survival and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration index (IC50) were analyzed by the MTT test. The studies showed that the total loss of cell viability occurred at the Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticle concentration range of 10 µmol–50 µmol. The use of Au/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles at the concentration of 100 µmol eliminated almost all living cells from the culture in 24h. The above observation confirms the result obtained during the MTT test.

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Resistance of Cotton Rats, Sigmodon hispidus, to Primary Infection by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science ◽

10.1292/jvms.64.423 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 423-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hendra WIBAWA ◽

Deni NOVIANA ◽

Kimiyuki TSUCHIYA ◽

Fadjar SATRIJA ◽

Yoichiro HORII

Keyword(s):

Primary Infection ◽

Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽

Sigmodon Hispidus ◽

Cotton Rats

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3,4-dehydro-L-proline Induces Programmed Cell Death in the Roots of Brachypodium distachyon

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7548

Author(s):

Artur Pinski ◽

Alexander Betekhtin ◽

Jolanta Kwasniewska ◽

Lukasz Chajec ◽

Elzbieta Wolny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Brachypodium Distachyon ◽

Root Hairs ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Cell Wall Proteins ◽

Root Epidermis ◽

Root Hair Development ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Hair Development

As cell wall proteins, the hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) take part in plant growth and various developmental processes. To fulfil their functions, HRGPs, extensins (EXTs) in particular, undergo the hydroxylation of proline by the prolyl-4-hydroxylases. The activity of these enzymes can be inhibited with 3,4-dehydro-L-proline (3,4-DHP), which enables its application to reveal the functions of the HRGPs. Thus, to study the involvement of HRGPs in the development of root hairs and roots, we treated seedlings of Brachypodium distachyon with 250 µM, 500 µM, and 750 µM of 3,4-DHP. The histological observations showed that the root epidermis cells and the cortex cells beneath them ruptured. The immunostaining experiments using the JIM20 antibody, which recognizes the EXT epitopes, demonstrated the higher abundance of this epitope in the control compared to the treated samples. The transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed morphological and ultrastructural features that are typical for the vacuolar-type of cell death. Using the TUNEL test (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling), we showed an increase in the number of nuclei with damaged DNA in the roots that had been treated with 3,4-DHP compared to the control. Finally, an analysis of two metacaspases’ gene activity revealed an increase in their expression in the treated roots. Altogether, our results show that inhibiting the prolyl-4-hydroxylases with 3,4-DHP results in a vacuolar-type of cell death in roots, thereby highlighting the important role of HRGPs in root hair development and root growth.

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