scholarly journals Altered Cardiac Autonomic Regulation in Overweight and Obese Subjects: The Role of Age-and-Gender-Adjusted Statistical Indicators of Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Baroreflex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Solaro ◽  
Massimo Pagani ◽  
Daniela Lucini
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Parametric Testing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Non Parametric

In the context of functional determinants of cardiovascular risk, a simple excess in body weight, as indexed by a rise in body mass index (BMI), plays a significant, well-recognized causal role. Conversely, BMI reductions toward normal result in an improvement of risk. Obesity is associated with impaired cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR), through either vagal or sympathetic mechanisms, which could favor the tendency to foster hypertension. Here we study the changing properties of the relationship between increasing grades of BMI and CAR in a population of 756 healthy subjects (age 35.9 ± 12.41 years, 37.4% males, 21.6% overweight, and 16% obese). Evaluation of CAR is based on autoregressive spectral analysis of short-term RR interval and systolic arterial pressure variability, from which a multitude of indices, treated overall as autonomic nervous system (ANS) proxies, is derived. Inspection of the study hypothesis that elevated BMI conditions associate significantly with alterations of CAR, independently of age and gender, is carried out using a mix of statistical transformations, exploratory factor analysis, non-parametric testing procedures, and graphical tools particularly well suited to address alterations of CAR as a disturbed process. In particular, to remove the effects of the inter-individual variability, deriving from components like age, gender or ethnicity, and to reduce the number of ANS proxies, we set up six age-and-gender-adjusted CAR indicators, corresponding to four ANS latent domains (oscillatory, amplitude, pressure, and pulse), cardiac baroreflex regulation, and autonomic nervous system index (ANSI). An impairment of the CAR indicators is overall evident in the overweight group and more marked in the obesity group. Empirical evidence is strong (9/9 concordant non-parametric test results) for pressure domain, almost strong (8/9) for ANSI, medium-strong for baroreflex (6/9) and pulse (7/9), weak for oscillatory (2/9) and amplitude (1/9) domains. In addition, the distribution of the CAR indicators corresponding to pressure, pulse, baroreflex, and ANSI is skewed toward the unfavorable abscissa extremity, particularly in the obese group. The significant association of increased BMI with progressive impairments of CAR regarding specifically the pressure domain and the overall ANS performance might underscore the strong hypertensive tendency observed in obesity.

scholarly journals Cardiac Autonomic Effects of Yearly Athletic Retreats on Elite Basket Players: Usefulness of a Unitary Autonomic Nervous System Indicator

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2330
Author(s):  
Daniela Lucini ◽  
Leonarda Galiuto ◽  
Mara Malacarne ◽  
Maria Chiara Meucci ◽  
Massimo Pagani
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Evaluation Of Training ◽  
Elite Sports

In most sports athletic performance is determined by a combination of hard and soft modifiable components, encompassing physical and psychological elements that can be assessed with modern techniques based respectively on simple friendly methods: analysis of HRV and questionnaires. Specifically a novel % rank Autonomic Nervous System Indicator (ANSI) seems particularly useful also in elite sports. In this investigation we assessed ANSI capacity to detect the expected changes in cardiac autonomic regulation induced in the Italian basketball team by the participation (18 subjects) to the yearly biweekly Alpine training summer camp. We observed that ANSI increased from 58.8 ± 32.5 to 81.7 ± 27.5 (at the end of training camp) and did not change further in the subsequent initial weeks of competition season (overall p < 0.001). Congruent changes were observed in non-linear indices. Concomitantly indices of somatic symptoms were slightly reduced just at the end of the alpine training. We conclude that analysis of HRV and questionnaires might offer a simple, useful technique to monitor changes in cardiac autonomic regulation and psychological state in elite athletes providing a convenient additional element to evaluation of training routines also in the fields.

Modelling of autonomic regulation in cardiovascular system based on baroreflex mechanism and overwhelming controller

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Sharma ◽  
Tarun Kumar Bera
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Bond Graph ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The control of cardiovascular system by autonomic nervous system using model-based analysis is very useful to predict blood flow and blood pressure at different locations of human body. The regulation of cardiovascular system by autonomic nervous system is a very complex mechanism, so, an experimental-based model analysis may prove very helpful in studying and analysing its working properly. In this article, a very basic model of cardiovascular system is presented with blood pressure dynamics studied throughout the body. A new bond graph model of the autonomic nervous system embedded with baroreflex system is also presented. Autonomic regulation of ventricular contractility is represented by means of transfer functions. The results in terms of maximum ventricular elastance ([Formula: see text]) and end systolic pressure are shown for two experiments. Another alternative modelling approach to represent the function of nervous system action in blood pressure regulation in terms of an overwhelming controller has been proposed. This controller overwhelms the system properties and therefore helps in managing the unmodelled parts or properties of a system and makes it impeccable for controlling complex systems. All the results and simulations are obtained using Symbols Shakti® software (Bond graph software).

scholarly journals Autonomic nervous system properties in migraine patients and nonmedication treatment in headache free period

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Daina Voita ◽  
Evita Vaļēviča ◽  
Anastasija Zakke ◽  
Juris Porozovs ◽  
Anda Kauliņa
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
System Properties ◽  
And Gender

Autonomic nervous system properties in migraine patients and nonmedication treatment in headache free period The aim of the study was to characterise parameters of the autonomic nervous system in migraineurs and to find out and to adapt the optimal biofeedback (BFB) training methods. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) at rest, static workload, arterial occlusion and during recovery period were measured. 22 migraineurs (female, average age 22.2 ± 2.4 years) and 14 healthy age and gender matched controls participated. Migraine patients were divided into two groups (M1 and M2) according to HR and BRS at rest. At rest 60% of migraine patients (group M1) had significantly decreased HR vs. control group (P< 0.01). The M2 group showed a tendency to decreased BRS at rest comparing to the control group and significantly (P< 0.01) differed in this parameter from the M1 group. In a 10 s precontraction period M1 group had a significantly lower HR increase comparing to other analysed groups (P< 0.01). HR was significantly decreased in the M1 group during the recovery period comparing to the control and M2 groups (P< 0.05). Both parts of autonomic nervous system, PNS and SNS branches, were impaired in migraineurs. The M2 group had most likely decreased PNS activity and impaired SNS activity. M1 group patients showed increased PNS activity. BFB training sessions reduced migraine attack frequency and need for medication in the M2 group.

scholarly journals The autonomic cardiac nervous system and arrhythmogenesis: risk stratification in the foreseeable future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Huikuri
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Autonomic Markers ◽  
Cardiovascular Autonomic Regulation

AbstractBoth experimental and clinical studies have shown that the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in arrhythmogenesis. Many methods describing cardiovascular autonomic regulation have been developed and tested for use as predictors of arrhythmic and other cardiovascular events. The majority of studies have focused on patients with known cardiac disease, such as prior myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure. All-cause mortality, as well as non-sudden and sudden cardiac death have been used as main endpoints. Sudden cardiac death has often been considered to be equivalent to arrhythmic cardiac arrest. Despite promising results in this field, markers of the autonomic nervous system are still not routinely used in clinical practice, mainly due to the fact that measurement of these markers does not result in evidence-based therapeutic implications. There is still a lack of randomized trials using autonomic markers as pre-defined variables in selecting patients for the studies, which would have yielded results that an intervention reduces the arrhythmic or other endpoint in those with abnormal or impaired autonomic regulation. Hence, at present, the possible use of autonomic assessment in predicting life-threatening arrhythmias is restricted to individual cases at the borders of intervention guidelines.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF HEART RATE IN UNIVERSITY TEACHERS WHEN USING PREVENTIVE MEASURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
O Strelyaeva ◽  
E Shayakhmetova ◽  
G Shurukhina ◽  
L Matveeva ◽  
A Valitova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The article presents an analysis of autonomic regulation of heart rate against preventive procedures in university teachers. Aim. The paper aims to identify the features of autonomic regulation of heart rate in university teachers when using preventive measures. Materials and methods. The study involved 87 teachers aged from 25 to 60 years. The participants were divided into three subgroups depending on their professional experience. The functional status of the autonomic nervous system was assessed with the method of variational pulsometry using the UPFT-1/30 – Psychophysiologist. Dynamic electroneurostimulation through the DENAS-Vertebra-02 apparatus was used as preventive measures. Results. Under the effect of dynamic electroneurostimulation, distinct trends were formed to improve the functional status of the autonomic nervous system in teachers with the professional experience of 10–20 years. For specia­lists with the experience of 21–30 years and more a course of electric massage sessions was not enough or it could be combined with other means of relaxation. Conclusion. As preventive measures for teachers, dynamic electroneurostimulation can be used (DENAS-Vertebra-02), which obviously improves the functional state of the autonomic nervous system of teachers with professional experience of 10–20 years.

scholarly journals Features of autonomic regulation in cholelithiasis before and after cholecystectomy

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
A. D. Bagmet ◽  
A. P. Ruban ◽  
V. N. Egorov ◽  
T. V. Tayutina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Before And After

It is appropriate and necessary to examine the functional state of the autonomic nervous system and the quality of life in patients with cholelithiasis using the mathematical analysis of the heart rhythm at the present-day level. Materials and methods: 136 patients (115 women and 21 men) were examined, of which 70 patients after cholecystectomy with cholelithiasis and 66 patients with cholelithiasis. Fractional chromatic minute-type duodenal intubation with an analysis of the biochemical and microscopic composition of the bile was used to assess the biliary system condition. The examination of the autonomic nervous system was carried out by determining the heart rhythm using the cardiointervalography method with further mathematical analysis of the structure and variational pulsometry. Changes in the autonomic status in patients with cholelithiasis before and after cholecystectomy differ in general patterns: adaptive possibilities decrease and sympathetic activity of the autonomic regulation increases. An increase in the lithogenicity of bile, which positively correlates with the level of sympathicotonia, is characteristic for patients with cholelithiasis before and after cholecystectomy. The autonomic regulation in patients with cholelithiasis after cholecystectomy improves, however, the high bile lithogenicity persists. 

Observations on the Autonomic Functions during the Hypoglycaemic Treatment of Schizophrenics

1940 ◽  
Vol 86 (363) ◽  
pp. 645-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Vegetative System

The nature of the action of insulin in producing cure in cases of schizophrenia is still quite obscure. One of the most striking features of insulin hypoglycaemia is the occurrence of phenomena pointing to disturbance of the autonomic nervous system, and many authors on this subject have expressed the belief that insulin produces cure by virtue of its action on the autonomic nervous system. There is, however, extensive contradiction in the literature as to what actually are the changes which take place in autonomic functions during hypoglycaemia. Some authors say that hypoglycaemia produces a generalized sympathetic stimulation, some say a generalized parasympathetic activity and others that there is dissociation of action of the two systems. Sakel (1) appears to believe that hypoglycaemia produces a vagotonia which underlies the curative effects of his treatment; Hadorn (2), that small doses of insulin stimulate the vagus, and large doses cause a primary secretion of adrenaline; Beno (3), that changes on the vegetative system cannot be sufficient to allow a reasonable understanding of the results; Pfister (4), that hypoglycaemia produces beneficial effects in schizophrenia because it damps the sympathetic; Wespi (5), that dissociation appears to prevail in the autonomic regulation; Gellhorn (6), that the treatment is successful because it leads to excitation of the sympathetico-adrenal apparatus through hypoglycaemia of the brain; and lastly, Heilbrunn (7), that his experiments are in favour of a sympatheticotonia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document