scholarly journals Diet-Induced Obesity Alters the Circadian Expression of Clock Genes in Mouse Gustatory Papillae

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Bernard ◽  
Aurélie Dastugue ◽  
Guillaume Maquart ◽  
Stéphane Delhaye ◽  
Hélène Duez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clock Genes ◽  
Circadian Expression ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Gustatory Papillae

scholarly journals Rhythmic Clock Gene Expression in Atlantic Salmon Parr Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Bolton ◽  
Michaël Bekaert ◽  
Mariann Eilertsen ◽  
Jon Vidar Helvik ◽  
Herve Migaud
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Circadian Expression ◽  
Clock Gene Expression ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

To better understand the complexity of clock genes in salmonids, a taxon with an additional whole genome duplication, an analysis was performed to identify and classify gene family members (clock, arntl, period, cryptochrome, nr1d, ror, and csnk1). The majority of clock genes, in zebrafish and Northern pike, appeared to be duplicated. In comparison to the 29 clock genes described in zebrafish, 48 clock genes were discovered in salmonid species. There was also evidence of species-specific reciprocal gene losses conserved to the Oncorhynchus sister clade. From the six period genes identified three were highly significantly rhythmic, and circadian in their expression patterns (per1a.1, per1a.2, per1b) and two was significantly rhythmically expressed (per2a, per2b). The transcriptomic study of juvenile Atlantic salmon (parr) brain tissues confirmed gene identification and revealed that there were 2,864 rhythmically expressed genes (p < 0.001), including 1,215 genes with a circadian expression pattern, of which 11 were clock genes. The majority of circadian expressed genes peaked 2 h before and after daylight. These findings provide a foundation for further research into the function of clock genes circadian rhythmicity and the role of an enriched number of clock genes relating to seasonal driven life history in salmonids.

scholarly journals Pregnancy-induced changes in the circadian expression of hepatic clock genes: implications for maternal glucose homeostasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (3) ◽  
pp. E575-E586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela D. Wharfe ◽  
Caitlin S. Wyrwoll ◽  
Brendan J. Waddell ◽  
Peter J. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Clock Genes ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Rhythmic Expression ◽  
Circadian Expression ◽  
Clock Gene Expression ◽  
Maternal Adaptation ◽  
Near Term ◽  
In Pregnancy

Adaptations in maternal carbohydrate metabolism are particularly important in pregnancy because glucose is the principal energy substrate used by the fetus. As metabolic homeostasis is intricately linked to the circadian system via the rhythmic expression of clock genes, it is likely that metabolic adaptations during pregnancy also involve shifts in maternal circadian function. We hypothesized that maternal adaptation in pregnancy involves changes in the hepatic expression of clock genes, which drive downstream shifts in circadian expression of glucoregulatory genes. Maternal liver and plasma ( n = 6–8/group) were collected across 24-h periods (0800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 0000, 0400) from C57Bl/6J mice under isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia prior to and on days 6, 10, 14 and 18 of pregnancy (term = day 19). Hepatic expression of clock genes and glucoregulatory genes was determined by RT-qPCR. Hepatic clock gene expression was substantially altered across pregnancy, most notably in late gestation when the circadian rhythmicity of several clock genes was attenuated (≤64% reduced amplitude on day 18). These changes were associated with a similar decline in rhythmicity of the key glucoregulatory genes Pck1, G6Pase, and Gk, and by day 18, Pck1 was no longer rhythmic. Overall, our data show marked adaptations in the liver clock during mouse pregnancy, changes that may contribute to the altered circadian variation in glucoregulatory genes near term. We propose that the observed reduction of daily oscillations in glucose metabolism ensure a sustained supply of glucose to meet the high demands of fetal growth.

CORTISOL CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN MUSCLE: EFFECT OF DOSING AND TIMING OF HYDROCORTISONE EXPOSURE ON INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN SYNCHRONIZED MUSCLE CELLS.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Negri ◽  
Claudia Pivonello ◽  
Chiara Simeoli ◽  
Gilda Di Gennaro ◽  
Mary Anna Venneri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Circadian Expression

Introduction/Aim: Circadian rhythm disruption is emerging as a risk factor for metabolic disorders and particularly, alterations in clock genes circadian expression have been shown to influence insulin sensitivity. Recently, the reciprocal interplay between the circadian clock machinery and HPA axis has been largely demonstrated: the circadian clock may control the physiological circadian endogenous glucocorticoids secretion and action; glucocorticoids, in turn, are potent regulator of the circadian clock and their inappropriate replacement has been associated with metabolic impairment. The aim of the current study was to investigate in vitro the interaction between the timing-of-the-day exposure to different hydrocortisone (HC) concentrations on muscle insulin sensitivity. Methods: Serum-shock synchronized mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 cells were exposed to different HC concentrations recapitulating the circulating daily physiological cortisol profile (standard cortisol profile), the circulating daily cortisol profile that reached in adrenal insufficient (AI) patients treated with once-daily MR-HC (flat cortisol profile) and treated with thrice-daily of conventional IR-HC (steep cortisol profile). The 24 hrs spontaneous oscillation of the clock genes in synchronized C2C12 cells was used to align the timing for in vitro HC exposure (Bmal1 acrophase, midphase and bathyphase) with the reference times of cortisol peaks in AI treated with IR-HC (8 am, 1 pm, 6 pm). A panel of 84 insulin sensitivity related genes and intracellular insulin signaling proteins were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. Results: Only the steep profile, characterized by a higher HC exposure during Bmal1 bathyphase, produced significant downregulation in 21 insulin sensitivity-related genes. Among these, Insr, Irs1, Irs2, Pi3kca and Adipor2 were downregulated when compared the flat to the standard or steep profile. Reduced intracellular IRS1 Tyr608, AKT Ser473, AMPK Thr172 and ACC Ser79 phosphorylations were also observed. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that is late-in-the-day cortisol exposure that modulates insulin sensitivity-related genes expression and intracellular insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells.

Circadian expression of clock genes in purified hematopoietic stem cells is developmentally regulated in mouse bone marrow

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1248-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Tsinkalovsky ◽  
Elisabeth Filipski ◽  
Benedikte Rosenlund ◽  
Robert B. Sothern ◽  
Hans Geir Eiken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Circadian Expression

Clock Gene Expression in the Submandibular Glands

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Furukawa ◽  
T. Kawamoto ◽  
M. Noshiro ◽  
K.K. Honda ◽  
M. Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Circadian Expression ◽  
Clock Gene Expression

Clock genes, which mediate molecular circadian rhythms, are expressed in a circadian fashion in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and in various peripheral tissues. To establish a molecular basis for circadian regulation in the salivary glands, we examined expression profiles of clock-related genes and salivary gland-characteristic genes. Clock-related genes—including Per1, Per2, Cry1, Bmal1, Dec1, Dec2, Dbp, and Reverbα—showed robust circadian expression rhythms in the submandibular glands in 12:12-hour light-dark conditions. In addition, a robust circadian rhythm was observed in amylase 1 mRNA levels, whereas the expression of other salivary-gland-characteristic genes examined was not rhythmic. The Clock mutation resulted in increased or decreased mRNA levels of Per2, Bmal1, Dec1, Dec2, and Dbp, and in Cry1− /− background, Cry2 disruption also increased or decreased mRNA levels of these clock-related genes and the amylase 1 gene. These findings indicate that the Clock- and Cry-dependent molecular clock system is active in the salivary glands.

scholarly journals Characterization of the circadian expression profile of clock genes in Aag2 cell line infected and uninfected by Dengue 2 virus (DENV2)

Sleep Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andresa Borges de Araujo Fonseca ◽  
Simone Morais da Costa ◽  
Marcio Mantuano-Barradas ◽  
Ada Maria de Barcelos Alves ◽  
Rafaela Vieira Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Circadian Expression
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