scholarly journals Using Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia to Estimate Inspired Tidal Volume in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Cauture ◽  
Blair Sterba-Boatwright ◽  
Julie Rocho-Levine ◽  
Craig Harms ◽  
Stefan Miedler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia

Effects of hypercapnia and hypoxemia on respiratory sinus arrhythmia in conscious humans during spontaneous respiration

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. H2397-H2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Tzeng ◽  
P. D. Larsen ◽  
D. C. Galletly
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Spontaneous Respiration ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Amplitude Increase

Normally, at rest, the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) appears to correlate with cardiac vagal tone. However, recent studies showed that, under stress, RSA dissociates from vagal tone, indicating that separate mechanisms might regulate phasic and tonic vagal activity. This dissociation has been linked to the hypothesis that RSA improves pulmonary gas exchange through preferential distribution of heartbeats in inspiration. We examined the effects of hypercapnia and mild hypoxemia on RSA-vagal dissociation in relation to heartbeat distribution throughout the respiratory cycle in 12 volunteers. We found that hypercapnia, but not hypoxemia, was associated with significant increases in heart rate (HR), tidal volume, and RSA amplitude. The RSA amplitude increase remained statistically significant after adjustment for respiratory rate, tidal volume, and HR. Moreover, the RSA amplitude increase was associated with a paradoxical rise in HR and decrease in low-frequency-to-high-frequency mean amplitude ratio derived from spectral analysis, which is consistent with RSA-vagal dissociation. Although hypercapnia was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of heartbeats during inspiration, this association was largely secondary to increases in the inspiratory period-to-respiratory period ratio, rather than RSA amplitude. Additional model analyses of RSA were consistent with the experimental data. Heartbeat distribution did not change during hypoxemia. These results support the concept of RSA-vagal dissociation during hypercapnia; however, the putative role of RSA in optimizing pulmonary perfusion matching requires further experimental validation.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans: how breathing pattern modulates heart rate

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (4) ◽  
pp. H620-H629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Hirsch ◽  
B. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia

The relationship of respiratory sinus arrhythmia amplitude (RSA) to tidal volume and breathing frequency was quantified during voluntarily controlled tidal volume and breathing frequency and spontaneous quiet breathing. Seventeen seated subjects breathed via mouthpiece and nose-clip, maintaining constant tidal volumes at each of several breathing frequencies. Inspiratory breath hold was zero frequency. Log RSA was plotted vs. log frequency for each tidal volume. The large stable RSA for frequencies less than 6 cycles/min was called low-frequency intercept (LFI, 20 +/- 5 beats/min). Low-frequency intercept was inversely proportional to a subject's age only to 35 yr. At higher breathing frequencies above a characteristic corner frequency (fC, 7.2 +/- 1.5 cycles/min) RSA decreased with constant slope (roll-off; 21 +/- 3.4 dB/decade). The RSA-volume relationship was linear permitting normalization of RSA-frequency curves for tidal volume to yield one curve. Spontaneous breathing data points fell on this curve. Voluntarily coupling of heart rate to breathing frequency in integer ratios reduced breath-by-breath variability of RSA without changing mean RSA. In conclusion, low-frequency intercept, corner frequency, and roll-off characterize an individual's RSA-frequency relationship during both voluntarily controlled and spontaneous breathing.

scholarly journals QUANTIFICATION OF RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA WITH HIGH-FRAMERATE ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-861
Author(s):  
Christoph Hoog Antink ◽  
Steffen Leonhardt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, the variation in the heart rate synchronized with the breathing cycle, forms an interconnection between cardiac-related and respiratory-related signals. It can be used by itself for diagnostic purposes, or by exploiting the redundancies it creates, for example by extracting respiratory rate from an electrocardiogram (ECG). To perform quantitative analysis and patient specific modeling, however, simultaneous information about ventilation as well as cardiac activity needs to be recorded and analyzed. The recent advent of medically approved Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) devices capable of recording up to 50 frames per second facilitates the application of this technology. This paper presents the automated selection of a cardiac-related signal from EIT data and quantitative analysis of this signal. It is demonstrated that beat-to-beat intervals can be extracted with a median absolute error below 20 ms. A comparison between ECG and EIT data shows a variation in peak delay time that requires further analysis. Finally, the known coupling of heart rate variability and tidal volume can be shown and quantified using global impedance as a surrogate for tidal volume.

scholarly journals Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and submersion bradycardia in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. jeb234096
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Blawas ◽  
Douglas P. Nowacek ◽  
Austin S. Allen ◽  
Julie Rocho-Levine ◽  
Andreas Fahlman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
The Many ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTAmong the many factors that influence the cardiovascular adjustments of marine mammals is the act of respiration at the surface, which facilitates rapid gas exchange and tissue re-perfusion between dives. We measured heart rate (fH) in six adult male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) spontaneously breathing at the surface to quantify the relationship between respiration and fH, and compared this with fH during submerged breath-holds. We found that dolphins exhibit a pronounced respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during surface breathing, resulting in a rapid increase in fH after a breath followed by a gradual decrease over the following 15–20 s to a steady fH that is maintained until the following breath. RSA resulted in a maximum instantaneous fH (ifH) of 87.4±13.6 beats min−1 and a minimum ifH of 56.8±14.8 beats min−1, and the degree of RSA was positively correlated with the inter-breath interval (IBI). The minimum ifH during 2 min submerged breath-holds where dolphins exhibited submersion bradycardia (36.4±9.0 beats min−1) was lower than the minimum ifH observed during an average IBI; however, during IBIs longer than 30 s, the minimum ifH (38.7±10.6 beats min−1) was not significantly different from that during 2 min breath-holds. These results demonstrate that the fH patterns observed during submerged breath-holds are similar to those resulting from RSA during an extended IBI. Here, we highlight the importance of RSA in influencing fH variability and emphasize the need to understand its relationship to submersion bradycardia.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange in healthy humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. H1585-H1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Giardino ◽  
Robb W. Glenny ◽  
Soo Borson ◽  
Leighton Chan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Paced Breathing ◽  
Healthy Humans

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may be associated with improved efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange by matching ventilation to perfusion within each respiratory cycle. Respiration rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation (V˙e), exhaled carbon dioxide (V˙co 2), oxygen consumption (V˙o 2), and heart rate were measured in 10 healthy human volunteers during paced breathing to test the hypothesis that RSA contributes to pulmonary gas exchange efficiency. Cross-spectral analysis of heart rate and respiration was computed to calculate RSA and the coherence and phase between these variables. Pulmonary gas exchange efficiency was measured as the average ventilatory equivalent of CO2(V˙e/V˙co 2) and O2(V˙e/V˙o 2). Across subjects and paced breathing periods, RSA was significantly associated with CO2 (partial r = −0.53, P = 0.002) and O2 (partial r = −0.49, P = 0.005) exchange efficiency after controlling for the effects of age, respiration rate, tidal volume, and average heart rate. Phase between heart rate and respiration was significantly associated with CO2 exchange efficiency (partial r = 0.40, P = 0.03). These results are consistent with previous studies and further support the theory that RSA may improve the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document