scholarly journals L-Threonine Supplementation During Colitis Onset Delays Disease Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Gaifem ◽  
Luís G. Gonçalves ◽  
Ricardo J. Dinis-Oliveira ◽  
Cristina Cunha ◽  
Agostinho Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Recovery ◽  
Onset Delays

Breast Cancer Prognosis: A Genetic Code for Personalized Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rulli ◽  
Laura Fortuna ◽  
Svitlana Zayik ◽  
Piero Covarelli ◽  
Fabrizio Stracci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Personalized Therapy ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Disease Recovery

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is distinguished in three different subtypes, based on clinical and molecular parameters: Luminal - HER2 - Basal type. Luminal carcinomas (which represent about 65% of the total) are distinguished by a particular heterogeneity of biological behaviour with disease recovery in about 40-50% and death in about two-thirds of these patients at 5 years from diagnosis, despite initial anatomopathological pictures of apparent low aggressiveness. Precisely, more biomolecular parameters are desirable for this diagnostic category which starting from an estimated disease recovery can guide therapeutic choices in a more articulated way that is modelled on the actual needs.Method: The aim of this work is to build a panel of genes that can be used to personalize therapy and consequently reduce mortality. Our kit is patented and includes 33 genes that best characterize neoplastic heterogeneity and sensitivity to drugs. The study involved the total transcriptome (RNA) sequencing of 40 patient samples carried out in the two-year period 1994/1995 with the aim of identifying a group of genes expressed differentially among patients with good prognosis and those with poor prognosis. Results: Total RNA extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and then Library preparation for RNA-Seq was achieved. The study highlighted some genes: CXCL13 life gene, IFITM10 death gene always present regardless of molecular subtype, and DSCAM-AS1 gene, specific for Luminal A subtype, that if present, let the patient avoid standard PBI and neoadjuvant therapy. Conclusion: The goal is to implement a different surgical and adjuvant personalized therapy for every single patient.

scholarly journals Keto microbiota: A powerful contributor to host disease recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Cabrera-Mulero ◽  
Alberto Tinahones ◽  
Borja Bandera ◽  
Isabel Moreno-Indias ◽  
Manuel Macías-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Health States ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Disease Recovery ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Gut microbiota (GM) is a key contributor to host metabolism and physiology. Data generated on comparing diseased and healthy subjects have reported changes in the GM profile between both health states, suggesting certain bacterial composition could be involved in pathogenesis. Moreover, studies reported that reshaping of GM could contribute actively to disease recovery. Interestingly, ketogenic diets (KD) have emerged recently as new economic dietotherapeutic strategy to combat a myriad of diseases (refractory epilepsy, obesity, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases…). KD, understood in a broad sense, refers to whatever dietetic approximation, which causes physiological ketosis. Therefore, high fat-low carbs diets, fasting periods or caloric restriction constitute different strategies to produce an increase of main ketones bodies, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, in blood. Involved biological mechanisms in ketotherapeutic effects are still to be unravelled. However, it has been pointed out that GM remodelling by KD, from now on “keto microbiota”, may play a crucial role in patient response to KD treatment. In fact, germ-free animals were resistant to ketotherapeutic effects; reinforcing keto microbiota may be a powerful contributor to host disease recovery. In this review, we will comment the influence of gut microbiota on host, as well as, therapeutic potential of ketogenic diets and keto microbiota to restore health status. Current progress and limitations will be argued too. In spite of few studies have defined applicability and mechanisms of KD, in the light of results, keto microbiota might be a new useful therapeutic agent.

A neural network model of the effects of entrenchment and memory development on grammatical gender learning

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEREK MONNER ◽  
KAREN VATZ ◽  
GIOVANNA MORINI ◽  
SO-ONE HWANG ◽  
ROBERT DeKEYSER
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Gender Assignment ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
Onset Delays ◽  
The Individual

To investigate potential causes of L2 performance deficits that correlate with age of onset, we use a computational model to explore the individual contributions of L1 entrenchment and aspects of memory development. Since development and L1 entrenchment almost invariably coincide, studying them independently is seldom possible in humans. To avoid this confound, we study neural network models that learn to solve gender assignment and agreement tasks in Spanish and French. We model the learner as a collection of recurrent cell assemblies that subserve working memory and are facilitated by trainable long-term connections. Varying the time-course over which assemblies and connections are added allows us to compare small, growing, child-like networks to fixed-size adult-like ones. Networks undergo variable-length exposure to L1 before L2 onset to control the amount of L1 entrenchment. This model, by allowing us independent control of both variables, lends us a novel glimpse of all sides of their interaction and affords a rare test of the less-is-more hypothesis. Network comparisons suggest that final L2 proficiency declines as L2 onset delays increase relative to L1, implicating an L1 entrenchment effect. However, aspects of memory development during learning play a key role in mitigating these impairments, lending support to less-is-more as a contributor to sensitive periods.

scholarly journals Phase-specific manipulation of neural oscillatory activity by transcranial alternating current stimulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fiene ◽  
Bettina C. Schwab ◽  
Jonas Misselhorn ◽  
Christoph S. Herrmann ◽  
Till R. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Oscillatory Phase ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Onset Delays ◽  
Human Participants

AbstractBackgroundOscillatory phase has been proposed as a key parameter defining the spatiotemporal structure of neural activity. To enhance our understanding of brain rhythms and improve clinical outcomes in pathological conditions, phase-specific modulation of oscillations by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) emerged as a promising approach. However, the effectiveness of tACS in humans is still critically debated.ObjectiveHere, we investigated the phase-specificity of tACS effects on visually evoked steady state responses (SSRs) in 24 healthy human participants of either sex.MethodsTo this end, we used an intermittent electrical stimulation protocol and assessed the influence of tACS on SSR amplitude in the interval immediately following tACS.ResultsWe observed that the phase shift between flicker and tACS modulates evoked SSR amplitudes. The tACS effect size was dependent on the strength of flicker-evoked oscillatory activity, with larger effects in participants showing weaker locking of neural responses to flicker phase. Neural sources of phase-specific effects were localized in the parieto-occipital cortex within flicker-entrained regions. Importantly, the optimal phase shift between flicker and tACS associated with strongest SSRs was correlated with cortical SSR onset delays over the visual cortex.ConclusionsOverall, our data provide electrophysiological evidence for phase-specific modulations of oscillatory activity by tACS in humans. As the optimal timing of tACS application was dependent on neural conduction times as measured by SSR onset delays, data suggest that the interaction between tACS effect and SSR was cortical in nature. These findings corroborate the physiological efficacy of tACS and highlight its potential for controlled modulations of brain signals.

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