scholarly journals Feeding Stimulation Ability and Central Effects of Intraperitoneal Treatment of L-Leucine, L-Valine, and L-Proline on Amino Acid Sensing Systems in Rainbow Trout: Implication in Food Intake Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Comesaña ◽  
Cristina Velasco ◽  
Marta Conde-Sieira ◽  
Jesús M. Míguez ◽  
José L. Soengas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Central Effects ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Feeding Stimulation ◽  
Intraperitoneal Treatment ◽  
Amino Acid Sensing ◽  
Intake Control

scholarly journals Evidence for the presence in rainbow trout brain of amino acid-sensing systems involved in the control of food intake

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. R201-R215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Comesaña ◽  
Cristina Velasco ◽  
Rosa M. Ceinos ◽  
Marcos A. López-Patiño ◽  
Jesús M. Míguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
General Control ◽  
Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Sensing

To assess the hypothesis of central amino acid-sensing systems involved in the control of food intake in fish, we carried out two experiments in rainbow trout. In the first one, we injected intracerebroventricularly two different branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine and valine, and assessed food intake up to 48 h later. Leucine decreased and valine increased food intake. In a second experiment, 6 h after similar intracerebroventricular treatment we determined changes in parameters related to putative amino acid-sensing systems. Different areas of rainbow trout brain present amino acid-sensing systems responding to leucine (hypothalamus and telencephalon) and valine (telencephalon), while other areas (midbrain and hindbrain) do not respond to these treatments. The decreased food intake observed in fish treated intracerebroventricularly with leucine could relate to changes in mRNA abundance of hypothalamic neuropeptides [proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)]. These in turn could relate to amino acid-sensing systems present in the same area, related to BCAA and glutamine metabolism, as well as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), taste receptors, and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase signaling. The treatment with valine did not affect amino acid-sensing parameters in the hypothalamus. These responses are comparable to those characterized in mammals. However, clear differences arise when comparing rainbow trout and mammals, in particular with respect to the clear orexigenic effect of valine, which could relate to the finding that valine partially stimulated two amino acid-sensing systems in the telencephalon. Another novel result is the clear effect of leucine on telencephalon, in which amino acid-sensing systems, but not neuropeptides, were activated as in the hypothalamus.

Melatonin treatment alters glucosensing capacity and mRNA expression levels of peptides related to food intake control in rainbow trout hypothalamus

2012 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Conde-Sieira ◽  
Marta Librán-Pérez ◽  
Marcos A. López Patiño ◽  
José L. Soengas ◽  
Jesús M. Míguez
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels ◽  
Intake Control

scholarly journals Hypothalamic fatty acid sensing in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis): response to long-chain saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated (n-3) fatty acids

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (12) ◽  
pp. R1521-R1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Conde-Sieira ◽  
Kruno Bonacic ◽  
Cristina Velasco ◽  
Luisa M. P. Valente ◽  
Sofia Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Sensing Systems

We assessed the presence of fatty acid (FA)-sensing mechanisms in hypothalamus of Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis) and investigated their sensitivity to FA chain length and/or level of unsaturation. Stearate (SA, saturated FA), oleate (OA, monounsaturated FA of the same chain length), α-linolenate [ALA, a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) of the same chain length], and eicosapentanoate (EPA, a n-3 PUFA of a larger chain length) were injected intraperitoneally. Parameters related to FA sensing and neuropeptide expression in the hypothalamus were assessed after 3 h and changes in accumulated food intake after 4, 24, and 48 h. Three FA sensing systems characterized in rainbow trout were also found in Senegalese sole and were activated by OA in a way similar to that previously characterized in rainbow trout and mammals. These hypothalamic FA sensing systems were also activated by ALA, differing from mammals, where n-3 PUFAs do not seem to activate FA sensors. This might suggest additional roles and highlights the importance of n-3 PUFA in fish diets, especially in marine species. The activation of FA sensing seems to be partially dependent on acyl chain length and degree of saturation, as no major changes were observed after treating fish with SA or EPA. The activation of FA sensing systems by OA and ALA, but not SA or EPA, is further reflected in the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the control of food intake. Both OA and ALA enhanced anorexigenic capacity compatible with the activation of FA sensing systems.

scholarly journals Differential effects of the two amino acid sensing systems, the GCN2 kinase and the mTOR complex 1, on primary human alloreactive CD4+ T-cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1412-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODOROS ELEFTHERIADIS ◽  
GEORGIOS PISSAS ◽  
GEORGIA ANTONIADI ◽  
VASSILIOS LIAKOPOULOS ◽  
KONSTANTINA TSOGKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Amino Acid Sensing ◽  
Mtor Complex 1

Effects of insulin treatment on the response to oleate and octanoate of food intake and fatty acid–sensing systems in rainbow trout

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Librán-Pérez ◽  
C. Velasco ◽  
C. Otero-Rodiño ◽  
M.A. López-Patiño ◽  
J.M. Míguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Fatty Acid Sensing

scholarly journals Ghrelin modulates hypothalamic fatty acid-sensing and control of food intake in rainbow trout

2015 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Velasco ◽  
Marta Librán-Pérez ◽  
Cristina Otero-Rodiño ◽  
Marcos A López-Patiño ◽  
Jesús M Míguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fatty Acid Sensing

There is no information available on fish as far as the possible effects of ghrelin on hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism and the response of fatty acid-sensing systems, which are involved in the control of food intake. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout the response of food intake, hypothalamic fatty acid-sensing mechanisms and expression of neuropeptides involved in the control of food intake to the central treatment of ghrelin in the presence or absence of a long-chain fatty acid such as oleate. We observed that the orexigenic actions of ghrelin in rainbow trout are associated with changes in fatty acid metabolism in the hypothalamus and an inhibition of fatty acid-sensing mechanisms, which ultimately lead to changes in the expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides resulting in increased orexigenic potential and food intake. Moreover, the response to increased levels of oleate of hypothalamic fatty acid-sensing systems (activation), expression of neuropeptides (enhanced anorexigenic potential) and food intake (decrease) were counteracted by the simultaneous treatment with ghrelin. These changes provide evidence for the first time in fish of a possible modulatory role of ghrelin on the metabolic regulation by fatty acid of food intake occurring in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (4) ◽  
pp. R658-R668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Velasco ◽  
Marta Librán-Pérez ◽  
Cristina Otero-Rodiño ◽  
Marcos A. López-Patiño ◽  
Jesús M. Míguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Fatty Acid Sensing

We hypothesize that ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in fish. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) the effects of intracerebroventricular treatment with C6:0 ceramide on food intake. In a second experiment, we assessed the effects in brain areas of ceramide treatment on neuropeptide expression, fatty acid-sensing systems, and cellular signaling pathways. Ceramide treatment induced a decrease in food intake, a response opposed to the orexigenic effect described in mammals, which can be related to enhanced mRNA abundance of cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript and proopiomelanocortin and decreased mRNA abundance of Agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y. Fatty acid-sensing systems appear to be inactivated by ceramide treatment. The mRNA abundance of integrative sensors AMPK and sirtuin 1, and the phosphorylation status of cellular signaling pathways dependent on protein kinase B, AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) are generally activated by ceramide treatment. However, there are differences between hypothalamus and hindbrain in the phosphorylation status of AMPK (decreased in hypothalamus and increased in hindbrain), mTOR (decreased in hypothalamus and increased in hindbrain), and FoxO1 (increased in hypothalamus and decreased in hindbrain) to ceramide treatment. The results suggest that ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout through mechanisms comparable to those characterized previously in mammals in some cases.

Dietary intake of tryptophan tied emotion-related impulsivity in humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Javelle ◽  
Descartes Li ◽  
Philipp Zimmer ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Tryptophan ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract. Emotion-related impulsivity, defined as the tendency to say or do things that one later regret during periods of heightened emotion, has been tied to a broad range of psychopathologies. Previous work has suggested that emotion-related impulsivity is tied to an impaired function of the serotonergic system. Central serotonin synthesis relies on the intake of the essential amino acid, tryptophan and its ability to pass through the blood brain barrier. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between emotion-related impulsivity and tryptophan intake. Methods: Undergraduate participants (N = 25, 16 women, 9 men) completed a self-rated measure of impulsivity (Three Factor Impulsivity Index, TFI) and daily logs of their food intake and exercise. These data were coded using the software NutriNote to evaluate intakes of tryptophan, large neutral amino acids, vitamins B6/B12, and exercise. Results: Correlational analyses indicated that higher tryptophan intake was associated with significantly lower scores on two out of three subscales of the TFI, Pervasive Influence of Feelings scores r =  –.502, p < . 010, and (lack-of) Follow-Through scores, r =  –.407, p < . 050. Conclusion: Findings provide further evidence that emotion-related impulsivity is correlated to serotonergic indices, even when considering only food habits. It also suggests the need for more research on whether tryptophan supplements might be beneficial for impulsive persons suffering from a psychological disorder.

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