scholarly journals The Role of Connexins in Wound Healing and Repair: Novel Therapeutic Approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pui Wong ◽  
Teresa Tan ◽  
Catherine Chan ◽  
Victoria Laxton ◽  
Yin Wah Fiona Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Function, Biology, and Role in Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1960-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Murphy ◽  
Hossein Ardehali ◽  
Robert S. Balaban ◽  
Fabio DiLisa ◽  
Gerald W. Dorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects ◽  
Exciting Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Cardiovascular disease is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and elsewhere. Alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly being recognized as a contributing factor in myocardial infarction and in patients presenting with cardiomyopathy. Recent understanding of the complex interaction of the mitochondria in regulating metabolism and cell death can provide novel insight and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this statement is to better define the potential role of mitochondria in the genesis of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia and heart failure. To accomplish this, we will define the key mitochondrial processes that play a role in cardiovascular disease that are potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. This is an exciting time in mitochondrial research. The past decade has provided novel insight into the role of mitochondria function and their importance in complex diseases. This statement will define the key roles that mitochondria play in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide insight into how mitochondrial defects can contribute to cardiovascular disease; it will also discuss potential biomarkers of mitochondrial disease and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Role of Microbial Surfactants, with Special Emphasis on Fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7004
Author(s):  
Sib Sankar Giri ◽  
Hyoun Joong Kim ◽  
Sang Guen Kim ◽  
Sang Wha Kim ◽  
Jun Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Hydrophobic Compounds ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Novel Therapeutic ◽  
Multifunctional Properties

Microbial surfactants (biosurfactants) are a broad category of surface-active biomolecules with multifunctional properties. They self-assemble in aqueous solutions and are adsorbed on various interfaces, causing a decrease in surface tension, as well as interfacial tension, solubilization of hydrophobic compounds, and low critical micellization concentrations. Microbial biosurfactants have been investigated and applied in several fields, including bioremediation, biodegradation, food industry, and cosmetics. Biosurfactants also exhibit anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and immunomodulatory activities. Recently, it has been reported that biosurfactants can increase the immune responses and disease resistance of fish. Among various microbial surfactants, lipopeptides, glycolipids, and phospholipids are predominantly investigated. This review presents the various immunological activities of biosurfactants, mainly glycolipids and lipopeptides. The applications of biosurfactants in aquaculture, as well as their immunomodulatory activities, that make them novel therapeutic candidates have been also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals New Insights into Molecular Oncogenesis and Therapy of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Silvia Violanti ◽  
Ilaria Bononi ◽  
Carla Enrica Gallenga ◽  
Fernanda Martini ◽  
Mauro Tognon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Systemic Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Uveal melanoma (UM), which is the most common cancer of the eye, was investigated in recent years by many teams in the field of biomedical sciences and eye clinicians. New knowledge was acquired on molecular pathways found to be dysregulated during the multistep process of oncogenesis, whereas novel therapeutic approaches gave significant results in the clinical applications. Uveal melanoma-affected patients greatly benefited from recent advances of the research in this eye cancer. Tumour biology, genetics, epigenetics and immunology contributed significantly in elucidating the role of different genes and related pathways during uveal melanoma onset/progression and UM treatments. Indeed, these investigations allowed identification of new target genes and to develop new therapeutic strategies/compounds to cure this aggressive melanoma of the eye. Unfortunately, the advances reported in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma have not produced analogous benefits in metastatic uveal melanoma. Nowadays, no systemic adjuvant therapy has been shown to improve overall survival or reduce the risk of metastasis. However, the increasing knowledge of this disease, and the encouraging results seen in clinical trials, offer promise for future effective therapies. Herein, different pathways/genes involved in uveal melanoma onset/progression were taken into consideration, together with novel therapeutic approaches.

Influence of CD33 expression levels and ITIM-dependent internalization on gemtuzumab ozogamicin–induced cytotoxicity

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland B. Walter ◽  
Brian W. Raden ◽  
Darren M. Kamikura ◽  
Jonathan A. Cooper ◽  
Irwin D. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Acute Myeloid ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

AbstractGemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO; Mylotarg), a novel immunoconjugate used for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), contains the humanized anti-CD33 antibody (hP67.6) as a carrier to facilitate cellular uptake of the toxic calicheamicin-γ1 derivative. By use of lentivirus-mediated gene transfer to manipulate CD33 expression in myeloid cell lines that normally lack CD33 (murine 32D cells) or have very low levels of CD33 (human OCI-AML3 and KG-1a cells), we here show a quantitative relationship between CD33 expression and GO-induced cytotoxicity. The CD33 cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) control internalization of antibody bound to CD33. Disruption of the ITIMs by introduction of point mutations not only prevented effective internalization of antibody-bound CD33 but also significantly reduced GO-induced cytotoxicity. Together, our data imply a pivotal role of both the number of CD33 molecules expressed on the cell surface and the amount of internalization of CD33 following antibody binding for GO-induced cytotoxicity and suggest novel therapeutic approaches for improvement of clinical outcome of patients treated with GO.

scholarly journals Limb Regeneration in Axolotl: Is It Superhealing?

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 12-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Roy ◽  
Mathieu Lévesque
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Multiple Structures

The ability of axolotls to regenerate their limbs is almost legendary. In fact, urodeles such as the axolotl are the only vertebrates that can regenerate multiple structures like their limbs, jaws, tail, spinal cord, and skin (the list goes on) throughout their lives. It is therefore surprising to realize, although we have known of their regenerative potential for over 200 years, how little we understand the mechanisms behind this achievement of adult tissue morphogenesis. Many observations can be drawn between regeneration and other disciplines such as development and wound healing. In this review, we present new developments in functional analysis that will help to address the role of specific genes during the process of regeneration. We also present an analysis of the resemblance between wound healing and regeneration, and discuss whether axolotls are superhealers. A better understanding of these animals' regenerative capacity could lead to major benefits by providing regenerative medicine with directions on how to develop therapeutic approaches leading to regeneration in humans.

scholarly journals The Role of Smoothened in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Shyang Jeng ◽  
I-Shyan Sheen ◽  
Chuen-Miin Leu ◽  
Ping-Hui Tseng ◽  
Chiung-Fang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Stem Cell Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Smoothened (SMO) belongs to the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway, which regulates cell growth, migration, invasion and stem cells in cancer. The HH signaling pathway includes both canonical and noncanonical pathways. The canonical HH pathway functions through major HH molecules such as HH ligands, PTCH, SMO and GLI, whereas the noncanonical HH pathway involves the activation of SMO or GLI through other pathways. The role of SMO has been discussed in different types of cancer, including breast, liver, pancreatic and colon cancers. SMO expression correlates with tumor size, invasiveness, metastasis and recurrence. In addition, SMO inhibitors can suppress cancer formation, reduce the proliferation of cancer cells, trigger apoptosis and suppress cancer stem cell activity. A better understanding of the role of SMO in cancer could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals PGD Synthase and PGD2in Immune Resposne

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myungsoo Joo ◽  
Ruxana T. Sadikot
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Enzyme Reactions ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

PGD2is formed from arachidonic acid by successive enzyme reactions: oxygenation of arachidonic acid to PGH2, a common precursor of various prostanoids, catalyzed by cyclooxygenase, and isomerization of PGH2to PGD2by PGD synthases (PGDSs). PGD2can be either pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on disease process and etiology. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory attributes of PGDS/PGD2provide opportunities for development of novel therapeutic approaches for resistant infections and refractory inflammatory diseases. This paper highlights the role of PGD synthases and PGD2 in immune inflammatory response.

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