scholarly journals Left Ventricular Transmural Gradient in Mitochondrial Respiration Is Associated with Increased Sub-Endocardium Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species Productions

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Kindo ◽  
Sébastien Gerelli ◽  
Jamal Bouitbir ◽  
Tam Hoang Minh ◽  
Anne-Laure Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Transmural Gradient

Hypothermia augments reactive oxygen species detected in the guinea pig isolated perfused heart

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. H1289-H1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou K. S. Camara ◽  
Matthias L. Riess ◽  
Leo G. Kevin ◽  
Enis Novalija ◽  
David F. Stowe
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Hypothermic Perfusion

Hypothermic perfusion of the heart decreases oxidative phosphorylation and increases NADH. Because O2 and substrates remain available and respiration (electron transport system, ETS) may become impaired, we examined whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) exist in excess during hypothermic perfusion. A fiberoptic probe was placed on the left ventricular free wall of isolated guinea pig hearts to record intracellular ROS, principally superoxide ([Formula: see text]), and an extracellular reactive nitrogen reactant, principally peroxynitrite (ONOO–), a product of nitric oxide (NO·) + [Formula: see text]. Hearts were loaded with dihydroethidium (DHE), which is oxidized by [Formula: see text] to ethidium, or were perfused with l-tyrosine, which is oxidized by ONOO– to dityrosine (diTyr). Shifts in fluorescence were measured online; diTyr fluorescence was also measured in the coronary effluent. To validate our methods and to examine the source and identity of ROS during cold perfusion, we examined the effects of a superoxide dismutase mimetic Mn(III) tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP), the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), and several agents that impair electron flux through the ETS: menadione, sodium azide (NaN3), and 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). Drugs were given before or during cold perfusion. ROS measured by DHE was inversely proportional to the temperature between 37°C and 3°C. We found that perfusion at 17°C increased DHE threefold versus perfusion at 37°C; this was reversed by MnTBAP, but not by l-NAME or BDM, and was markedly augmented by menadione and NaN3. Perfusion at 17°C also increased myocardial and effluent diTyr (ONOO–) by twofold. l-NAME, MnTBAP, or BDM perfused at 37°C before cooling or during 17°C perfusion abrogated, whereas menadione and NaN3 again enhanced the cold-induced increase in ROS. Our results suggest that hypothermia moderately enhances [Formula: see text] generation by mitochondria, whereas [Formula: see text] dismutation is markedly slowed. Also, the increase in [Formula: see text] during hypothermia reacts with available NO· to produce ONOO–, and drug-induced [Formula: see text] dismutation eliminates the hypothermia-induced increase in [Formula: see text].

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, Kinases, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Autophagy and Their Impact on Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in the Heart

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Krylatov ◽  
Leonid Maslov ◽  
Sergey Y. Tsibulnikov ◽  
Nikita Voronkov ◽  
Alla Boshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Adaptive Process

: There is considerable evidence in the heart that autophagy in cardiomyocytes is activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or in hearts by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Depending upon the experimental model and duration of ischemia, increases in autophagy in this setting maybe beneficial (cardioprotective) or deleterious (exacerbate I/R injury). Aside from the conundrum as to whether or not autophagy is an adaptive process, it is clearly regulated by a number of diverse molecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS), various kinases, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). The purpose this review is to address briefly the controversy regarding the role of autophagy in this setting and to examine a variety of disparate molecules that are involved in its regulation.

Plasmonic Enhancement of Nitric Oxide Generation

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Knoblauch ◽  
Chris Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Plasmonic Enhancement ◽  
Cancer Treatments

While the utility of reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapies for both cancer treatments and antimicrobial applications has received much attention, the inherent potential of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) including...

Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Nitric Oxide Production in Reciprocal Interactions of Glioma and Microglial Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 229 (12) ◽  
pp. 2015-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shing-Chuan Shen ◽  
Ming-Shun Wu ◽  
Hui-Yi Lin ◽  
Liang-Yo Yang ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Oxide Production

scholarly journals The role of oxidative/nitrosative stress in pathogenesis of paracetamol-induced toxic hepatitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Radosavljevic ◽  
Dusan Mladenovic ◽  
Danijela Vucevic ◽  
Rada Jesic-Vukicevic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Hepatocellular Necrosis

Introduction. Paracetamol is an effective analgesic/antipyretic drug when used at therapeutic doses. However, the overdose of paracetamol can cause severe liver injury and liver necrosis. The mechanism of paracetamol-induced liver injury is still not completely understood. Reactive metabolite formation, depletion of glutathione and alkylation of proteins are the triggers of inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, adenosine triphosphate depletion and mitochondrial oxidant stress leading to hepatocellular necrosis. Role of oxidative stress in paracetamol-induced liver injury. The importance of oxidative stress in paracetamol hepatotoxicity is controversial. Paracetamol induced liver injury cause the formation of reactive oxygen species. The potent sources of reactive oxygen are mitochondria, neutrophils, Kupffer cells and the enzyme xatnine oxidase. Free radicals lead to lipid peroxidation, enzymatic inactivation and protein oxidation. Role of mitochondria in paracetamol-induced oxidative stress. The production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species is increased, and the glutathione content is decreased in paracetamol overdose. Oxidative stress in mitochondria leads to mito?chondrial dysfunction with adenosine triphosphate depletion, increase mitochondrial permeability transition, deoxyribonu?cleic acid fragmentation which contribute to the development of hepatocellular necrosis in the liver after paracetamol overdose. Role of Kupffer cells in paracetamol-induced liver injury. Paracetamol activates Kupffer cells, which then release numerous cytokines and signalling molecules, including nitric oxide and superoxide. Kupffer cells are important in peroxynitrite formation. On the other hand, the activated Kupffer cells release anti-inflammatory cytokines. Role of neutrophils in paracetamol-induced liver injury. Paracetamol-induced liver injury leads to the accumulation of neutrophils, which release lysosomal enzymes and generate superoxide anion radicals through the enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Hydrogen peroxide, which is influenced by the neutrophil-derived enzyme myeloperoxidase, generates hypochlorus acid as a potent oxidant. Role of peroxynitrite in paracetamol-induced oxidative stress. Superoxide can react with nitric oxide to form peroxynitrite, as a potent oxidant. Nitrotyrosine is formed by the reaction of tyrosine with peroxynitrite in paracetamol hepatotoxicity. Conclusion. Overdose of paracetamol may produce severe liver injury with hepatocellular necrosis. The most important mechanisms of cell injury are metabolic activation of paracetamol, glutathione depletion, alkylation of proteins, especially mitochondrial proteins, and formation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species.

scholarly journals The role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in programmed cell death associated with self-incompatibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2869-2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Serrano ◽  
María C. Romero-Puertas ◽  
Luisa M. Sandalio ◽  
Adela Olmedilla
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Self Incompatibility
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