Introduction to the research topic: the role of physical fitness on cardiovascular responses to stress

To investigate the role of the paraventricular (PAH) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei in regulation of the cardiovascular system experiments were done in 26 cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Electrical stimulation of histologically verified sites in the region of the PAH and SON elicited increases in arterial pressure in bilaterally vagotomized animals and increases in heart rate both in spinal (C2) animals and in animals bilaterally vagotomized, In addition, stimulation of either the PAH or SON inhibited the reflex vagal bradycardia elicited by stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) and bilateral lesions of these areas increased the magnitude of the response. On the other hand, stimulation and lesions of these hypothalamic regions did not alter the magnitude of the cardiovascular responses to stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve. These results demonstrate that stimulation of the PAH and SON elicit cardiovascular responses due to reciprocal changes in activity of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems and that these structures maintain a tonic inhibitory influence on the heart rate component of the CSN reflex.

Download Full-text

Ouabain- and central sodium-induced hypertension depend on the ventral anteroventral third ventricle region

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.1.h63 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 276 (1) ◽

pp. H63-H70 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shereeni J. Veerasingham ◽

Frans H. H. Leenen

Keyword(s):

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Ibotenic Acid ◽

Air Jet ◽

Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Chronic Infusion

To examine the role of the ventral anteroventral third ventricle (vAV3V) in the hypertension induced by chronic subcutaneous ouabain and intracerebroventricular hypertonic saline, neurons in this area were destroyed by microinjection of an excitotoxin, ibotenic acid. Sham-operated or lesioned Wistar rats were administered ouabain (50 μg/day) or placebo for 3 wk from subcutaneously implanted controlled release pellets or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or CSF containing 0.8 mol/l NaCl (5 μl/h) infused intracerebroventricularly for 2 wk. At the end of the experiment, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate at rest and in response to ganglionic blockade by intravenous hexamethonium (30 mg/kg) were assessed. In rats infused with hypertonic saline, responses to air jet stress were also assessed. Baseline MAP in sham-operated rats receiving intracerebroventricular hypertonic saline or subcutaneous ouabain was significantly higher than in control rats (115 ± 1 vs. 97 ± 3 and 121 ± 3 vs. 103 ± 3 mmHg, respectively). vAV3V lesions abolished the increase in MAP elicited by chronic infusion of hypertonic saline or administration of ouabain. Sham-operated rats treated with hypertonic saline or ouabain exhibited significantly enhanced decreases in MAP to hexamethonium, but lesioned rats did not. Rats infused with hypertonic saline demonstrated enhanced responses to air jet stress that were similar in sham-operated and lesioned rats. These results demonstrate that neurons in the vAV3V are essential for the hypertension induced by intracerebroventricular hypertonic saline and subcutaneous ouabain, possibly by increasing sympathetic tone. Cardiovascular responses to air jet stress appear not to be mediated by the vAV3V.

Download Full-text

Role of lateral hypothalamus on fluid, electrolyte, and cardiovascular responses to activation of the MSA

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.2.r496 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 266 (2) ◽

pp. R496-R502 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. S. Haibara ◽

W. A. Saad ◽

J. V. Menani ◽

L. A. Camargo ◽

A. Renzi

Keyword(s):

Water Intake ◽

Lateral Hypothalamus ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Electrolytic Lesion ◽

Opioid Agonist ◽

Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽

Pressor Responses ◽

Medial Septal Area ◽

Opiate Agonist

In this study we investigated the influence of electrolytic lesion or of opioid agonist injections into the lateral hypothalamus (LH) on the dipsogenic, natriuretic, kaliuretic, antidiuretic, pressor, and bradycardiac effects of cholinergic stimulation of the medial septal area (MSA) in rats. Sham- and LH-lesioned male Holtzman rats received a stainless steel cannula implanted into the LH. Other groups of rats had cannulas implanted simultaneously into the MSA and LH. Carbachol (2 nmol) injection into the MSA induced water intake, pressor, and bradycardic responses. LH lesion reduced all of these effects (1-3 and 15-18 days). Previous injection of synthetic opiate agonist, FK-33824 (100 ng), into the LH reduced the water intake, natriuresis, kaliuresis, and pressor responses induced by carbachol injected into the MSA. These data show that both electrolytic lesion or injection of an opiate agonist in the LH reduces the fluid-electrolyte and cardiovascular responses to cholinergic activation of the MSA. The involvement of LH with central excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms related to fluid-electrolytic and cardiovascular control is suggested.

Download Full-text

Jagiellonianism in Poland and Ukraine as a factor of university education and a cultural and historical phenomenon

Linguistics and Culture Review ◽

10.21744/lingcure.v5ns2.1331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (S2) ◽

pp. 68-79

Author(s):

Oksana A. Hysa ◽

Ihor V. Stepaniuk ◽

Liudmyla S. Vaniuha ◽

Bogdana Ye Zhorniak ◽

Iryna V. Rehulich

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Genetic Code ◽

Research Topic ◽

University Education ◽

Academic Education ◽

Creative Activity ◽

Leading Role ◽

Historical Phenomenon ◽

Comprehensive Study

The relevance of the research topic consists in the necessity of a comprehensive study of the educational and scientific activities of the departments of musicology of Krakow and Lviv universities during the first half of the twentieth century in the context of coverage of the interaction experience between Ukrainian and foreign higher education institutions so to determine in such way the features and values of the Ukrainian music science in the European scientific and educational space. The purpose of the research is to discover and to analyze the creative activity of the departments of musicology at the Krakow and Lviv Universities in the context of Jagellonism through the consideration of the principles of European musical academic education since the establishment of these institutions in 1911-1912 and till the beginning of the XXI century. The scientific novelty of the research consists in finding out the leading role of Z. Jachimecky and A. Chybi?ski in the formation and development of national musicological schools in Poland and Ukraine as inheritors of the cultural genetic code of Jagiellonism. That cultural genetic code consisted of special attention to the inter-Slavic relations within the Western-Eastern cultural heritage.

Download Full-text

A Study of Facts and Generating Factors of “Dislike for Exercise” and “Dislike for Physical Education”

International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education ◽

10.5121/ijite.2021.10101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

B.Chuluun- Erdene ◽

D. Azjargal

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

Health And Physical Education ◽

Principal Role ◽

Lack Of Exercise ◽

Governmental Institutions ◽

Course Of Study

Recently, a decline in children’s fitness and lack of exercise has become a serious issue in Japan. Consequently, various governmental institutions have repeatedly taken up this problem and a number of policy recommendations have been made that aim to remedy the situation. Following these recommendations, the new Course of Study has proposed measures such as increasing the number of teaching hours for health and Physical Education (hereinafter abbreviated as “PE”) and reforming the PE curriculum within 12 years. By doing so, it has further emphasized the need “to develop the capacity and skills to engage in exercise throughout life, to realize an enriching sports life, and to improve physical fitness.” Despite these measures, the polarization between those children who actively engage in exercise and those who do not, as well as children who have an unfavorable or negative attitude toward exercise and PE lessons “Dislike for Exercise (hereinafter abbreviated as “DE”)” and “Dislike for Physical Education (hereinafter abbreviated as “DPE”)” still persist. The principal role of PE lessons at school is to introduce children to the joy and excitement of exercise. Within this context, emphasis should be placed on “PE” education that forms the basis of life-long engagement with sports. However, “DE” and “DPE” attitudes inhibit PE in school from achieving its goals.

Download Full-text

Role of pre–extubation fentanyl in mastectomy: a randomized, controlled, double–blind study

Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care ◽

10.35975/apic.v25i2.1462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Salman ◽

Norma Osama Zayed ◽

Ahmed Mansour ◽

Ramy Howaidi ◽

Ahmed Gamaleldin Foly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Extubation Time ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Both tracheal intubation and extubation are associated with dangerous consequences such as tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias. The aim was to evaluate pre–extubation two different doses of fentanyl on hemodynamic stabilization and delayed recovery in mastectomy. Methodology: The randomized controlled double–blind study was conducted on 126 patients aged 16–60 years, with controlled hypertension, receiving chemotherapy before surgery and underwent mastectomy for breast cancer. Patients were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups. Before extubation, patients received 10 ml saline in group (C), 1 µg/kg fentanyl in Group–F1: and 2 µg/kg fentanyl in Group–F2. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at T1 (after maintenance of anesthesia), T2 (after giving the test drug), T3 (immediately after extubation), T4 (5 min. after extubation) and T5 (15 min after extubation). Results: MAP was significantly lower in fentanyl groups compared to Group–C at T2 and T3 without significant deference between fentanyl groups. HR was significantly lower in fentanyl groups compared to Group–C and in Group–F2 compared to Group–F1 at T3, T4 and T5. Time of extubation was significantly prolonged in Group–F2 compared to Group–F1 and Group–C without a significant difference between Group–F1 and Group–C. Conclusions: Pre–extubation fentanyl 1 µg/kg blunted cardiovascular responses to extubation without respiratory depression or prolonged recovery. Pre–extubation fentanyl 2 µg/kg provide more control in HR but with delay in the extubation time compared to 1 µg/kg of fentanyl. Key words: Pre–Extubation, Fentanyl, Mastectomy, Hemodynamics, Recovery Preregistration: The study was registered in the Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (approval number: 281) Citation: Salman A, Zayed NO, Mansour A, Howaidi R, Foly AG, ElSharkawy MS, Abdelgalil AS. Role of pre–extubation fentanyl in mastectomy: a randomized, controlled, double–blind study. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(2):143-149. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1462. Abbreviations: CST=Craniosacral therapy; SMT=Sensorimotor training; NCLBP=Nonspecific chronic low back pain; VAS=Visual analogue scale; ODI=Oswestry disability index, BDI-II=Beck depression inventory-II, and SF-36=Short Form-36; CSF=cerebral spinal fluid; CSS=craniosacral system; PRM=primary respiratory movements Received: 27 June 2020, Reviewed: 24 July 2020, Accepted: 27 July 2020

Download Full-text

Characteristics of physical preparedness of biathlons

Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports) ◽

10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.4(134).02 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-12

Author(s):

I.O. Asaulyuk ◽

I.I. Buy

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Annual Cycle ◽

Initial Level ◽

Training Process ◽

Foreign Literature ◽

Leading Role ◽

Preparatory Period

Analysis of recent research and publications shows that in domestic and foreign literature are widely represented materials that represent the leading role of physical fitness of biathletes in achieving high sports results, as well as means and methods of its development. The article analyzes the importance of physical fitness in improving the efficiency of the training process of biathletes. Based on the literature, the most significant qualities for biathlon training were identified. The data of the authors are presented, in order to achieve a high sports result the leading role is played by physical fitness, the athlete's performance at the main competitions largely depends on what level of physical fitness he received in the preparatory period of the annual cycle. It is established that in biathlon special endurance occupies the main place in the system of preparation of athletes for participation in competitions. The main goal of the study was to assess the initial level of physical fitness of biathletes in the preparatory period of the annual cycle. Assessment of the level of physical fitness of the subjects was carried out on the sum of points obtained for 5 tests. It was determined that the studied biathletes corresponded to the level of physical fitness "Sufficient". Note that the strength indicators corresponded to the level of "Average", and were at a lower level than other physical qualities. The endurance indicators of the studied biathletes were at the level of "High".

Download Full-text

Will climate change worsen your health?

Climanosco Research Articles - https://www.climanosco.org/collection/climate-change-and-its-impacts/ ◽

10.37207/cra.2.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Joan Ballester

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Policy Making ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Research Topic ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Social Differences ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Science And Policy ◽

Ambient Temperatures

Nearly 8% of deaths in Europe are due to ambient temperatures, and global warming represents an additional threat for public health. Despite the fact that we expect more frequent, intense and persistent heat waves during the present century, it is actually not clear whether the number of attributable deaths will also increase. Here I discuss why the role of early adaptation to temperature rise is a major ongoing research topic in science and policy-making, and how these eventual acclimatization processes depend on a myriad of non-climate factors such as the air quality in cities, social differences within and between societies, demographic changes or the evolution of the economy.

Download Full-text