scholarly journals Plasticity of TRPV1-Expressing Sensory Neurons Mediating Autonomic Dysreflexia Following Spinal Cord Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne M. Ramer ◽  
A. Peter van Stolk ◽  
Jessica A. Inskip ◽  
Matt S. Ramer ◽  
Andrei V. Krassioukov
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Autonomic Dysreflexia ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury and pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2110119
Author(s):  
Katherine Robertson ◽  
Felicity Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Autonomic Dysreflexia ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Relative Rarity ◽  
Obstetric Population ◽  
Tract Infections

Pregnancy in women with spinal cord injury is considered high risk because it may exacerbate many of their existing problems, including autonomic dysreflexia, spasms, decubitus ulcers, urinary tract infections and respiratory infections. Due to the relative rarity of spinal cord injury in the general obstetric population, clinicians often lack familiarity of these specific problems and the women themselves are usually more experienced in their own management than their obstetric team. However, studies have demonstrated that pregnancy outcomes are generally good with appropriate and experienced obstetric care. In this review, we examine the available literature and provide advice on pre-conception counselling and the antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal management of pregnant women with spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Reduction in Bladder-Related Autonomic Dysreflexia after OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (18) ◽  
pp. 1651-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée J. Fougere ◽  
Katharine D. Currie ◽  
Mark K. Nigro ◽  
Lynn Stothers ◽  
Daniel Rapoport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Autonomic Dysreflexia ◽  
Cord Injury

Influence of severity and level of injury on the occurrence of complications during the subacute and chronic stage of traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Charlotte Y. Adegeest ◽  
Jort A. N. van Gent ◽  
Janneke M. Stolwijk-Swüste ◽  
Marcel W. M. Post ◽  
William P. Vandertop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Autonomic Dysreflexia ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Chronic Stage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Meta Analyses

OBJECTIVE Secondary health conditions (SHCs) are long-term complications that frequently occur due to traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) and can negatively affect quality of life in this patient population. This study provides an overview of the associations between the severity and level of injury and the occurrence of SHCs in tSCI. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase that retrieved 44 studies on the influence of severity and/or level of injury on the occurrence of SHCs in the subacute and chronic phase of tSCI (from 3 months after trauma). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. RESULTS In the majority of studies, patients with motor-complete tSCI (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Impairment Scale [AIS] grade A or B) had a significantly increased occurrence of SHCs in comparison to patients with motor-incomplete tSCI (AIS grade C or D), such as respiratory and urogenital complications, musculoskeletal disorders, pressure ulcers, and autonomic dysreflexia. In contrast, an increased prevalence of pain was seen in patients with motor-incomplete injuries. In addition, higher rates of pulmonary infections, spasticity, and autonomic dysreflexia were observed in patients with tetraplegia. Patients with paraplegia more commonly suffered from hypertension, venous thromboembolism, and pain. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that patients with a motor-complete tSCI have an increased risk of developing SHCs during the subacute and chronic stage of tSCI in comparison with patients with motor-incomplete tSCI. Future studies should examine whether systematic monitoring during rehabilitation and the subacute and chronic phase in patients with motor-complete tSCI could lead to early detection and potential prevention of SHCs in this population.

scholarly journals A Simple Radiological Technique for Demonstration of Incorrect Positioning of a Foley Catheter with Balloon Inflated in the Urethra of a Male Spinal Cord Injury Patient

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2445-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanian Vaidyanathan ◽  
Peter L. Hughes ◽  
Bakul M. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Autonomic Dysreflexia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Malpractice Claims ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Radiological Technique

In a male patient with cervical spinal cord injury, the urinary bladder may go into spasm when a urethral catheter is removed and a new Foley catheter is inserted. Before the balloon is inflated, the spastic bladder may push the Foley catheter out or the catheter may slip out of a small-capacity bladder. An inexperienced health professional may inflate the balloon of a Foley catheter in the urethra without realizing that the balloon segment of the catheter is lying in the urethra instead of the urinary bladder. When a Foley balloon is inflated in the urethra, a tetraplegic patient is likely to develop autonomic dysreflexia. This is a medical emergency and requires urgent treatment. Before the incorrectly placed Foley catheter is removed, it is important to document whether the balloon has been inflated in the urinary bladder or not. The clinician should first use the always available tools of observation and palpation at the bedside without delays of transportation. A misplaced balloon will often be evident by a long catheter sign, indicating excessive catheter remaining outside the patient. Radiological diagnosis is not frequently required and, when needed, should employ the technique most readily available, which might be a body and pelvic CT without intravenous contrast. An alternative radiological technique to demonstrate the position of the balloon of the Foley catheter is described. Three milliliters of nonionic X-ray contrast medium, Ioversol (OPTIRAY 300), is injected through the side channel of the Foley catheter, which is used for inflating the balloon. Then, with a catheter-tip syringe, 30 ml of sterile Ioversol is injected through the main lumen of the Foley catheter. Immediately thereafter, an X-ray of the pelvis (including perineum) is taken. By this technique, both the urinary bladder and balloon of the Foley catheter are visualized by the X-ray contrast medium. When a Foley catheter has been inserted correctly, the balloon of the Foley catheter should be located within the urinary bladder, but when the Foley catheter is misplaced with the balloon inflated in the urethra, a round opaque shadow of the Foley balloon is seen separately below the urinary bladder. This radiological study takes only a few minutes to perform, can be carried out bedside with a mobile X-ray machine, and does not require special expertise or preparations, unlike transrectal ultrasonography. When a Foley balloon is inflated in the urethra, abdominal ultrasonography will show an absence of the Foley balloon within the bladder. The technique described above aids in positive demonstration of a Foley balloon lying outside the urinary bladder. Such documentation proves valuable in planning future treatment, education of health professionals, and settlement of malpractice claims.

scholarly journals The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of vagal sensory neurons

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (12) ◽  
pp. R1021-R1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
April N. Herrity ◽  
Jeffrey C. Petruska ◽  
David P. Stirling ◽  
Kristofer K. Rau ◽  
Charles H. Hubscher
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Neurochemical Plasticity ◽  
Isolectin B4

The vagus nerve is composed primarily of nonmyelinated sensory neurons whose cell bodies are located in the nodose ganglion (NG). The vagus has widespread projections that supply most visceral organs, including the bladder. Because of its nonspinal route, the vagus nerve itself is not directly damaged from spinal cord injury (SCI). Because most viscera, including bladder, are dually innervated by spinal and vagal sensory neurons, an impact of SCI on the sensory component of vagal circuitry may contribute to post-SCI visceral pathologies. To determine whether SCI, in male Wistar rats, might impact neurochemical characteristics of NG neurons, immunohistochemical assessments were performed for P2X3 receptor expression, isolectin B4 (IB4) binding, and substance P expression, three known injury-responsive markers in sensory neuronal subpopulations. In addition to examining the overall population of NG neurons, those innervating the urinary bladder also were assessed separately. All three of the molecular markers were represented in the NG from noninjured animals, with the majority of the neurons binding IB4. In the chronically injured rats, there was a significant increase in the number of NG neurons expressing P2X3 and a significant decrease in the number binding IB4 compared with noninjured animals, a finding that held true also for the bladder-innervating population. Overall, these results indicate that vagal afferents, including those innervating the bladder, display neurochemical plasticity post-SCI that may have implications for visceral homeostatic mechanisms and nociceptive signaling.

Distinct roles of angiotensin receptors in autonomic dysreflexia following high-level spinal cord injury in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Järve ◽  
Mihail Todiras ◽  
Xiaoming Lian ◽  
Rafael Filippelli-Silva ◽  
Fatimunnisa Qadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Autonomic Dysreflexia ◽  
Angiotensin Receptors ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Mechanisms inducing autonomic dysreflexia during urinary bladder distention in rats with spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yoshizawa ◽  
K Kadekawa ◽  
P Tyagi ◽  
S Yoshikawa ◽  
R Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Autonomic Dysreflexia ◽  
Bladder Distention ◽  
Cord Injury
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