scholarly journals Heterogeneous Preferential Attachment in Key Ethereum-Based Cryptoassets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Maria De Collibus ◽  
Alberto Partida ◽  
Matija Piškorec ◽  
Claudio J. Tessone
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Degree Correlation ◽  
The Rich ◽  
To Receive

In this study, we analyse the aggregated transaction networks of Ether (the native cryptocurrency in Ethereum) and the three most market-capitalised ERC-20 tokens in this platform at the time of writing: Binance, USDT, and Chainlink. We analyse a comprehensive dataset from 2015 to 2020 (encompassing 87,780,546 nodes and 856,207,725 transactions) to understand the mechanism that drives their growth. In a seminal analysis, Kondor et al. (PLoS ONE, 2014, 9: e86197) showed that during its first year, the aggregated Bitcoin transaction network grew following linear preferential attachment. For the Ethereum-based cryptoassets, we find that they present in general super-linear preferential attachment, i.e., the probability for a node to receive a new incoming link is proportional to kα, where k is the node’s degree. Specifically, we find an exponent α = 1.2 for Binance and Chainlink, for Ether α = 1.1, and for USDT α = 1.05. These results reveal that few nodes become hubs rapidly. We then analyse wealth and degree correlation between tokens since many nodes are active simultaneously in different networks. We conclude that, similarly to what happens in Bitcoin, “the rich indeed get richer” in Ethereum and related tokens as well, with wealth much more concentrated than in-degree and out-degree.

Implementing Computer Gaming Technology in Architectural Design Curricula

2012 ◽  
pp. 199-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
First Year ◽  
Computer Gaming ◽  
Student Work ◽  
Gaming Technology ◽  
Core Courses ◽  
Physical Simulations ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Game Designer

The case for utilizing computer game modding in an architectural design curriculum is a strong one. The rich intertwining of real-time spatial, material lighting and physical simulations reinforce spatial visualization, navigation, and mental rotation. In the past two decades many researchers have implemented games engines in architectural curricula, but in every case, the courses have been in upper years of their students’ degrees, with small, elective classes rather than core courses. That this is in contrast to the wider computer game modding community, suggesting that the difficulties previous researchers have had may actually be mitigated by implementing the technology, along with aspects of computer game modding culture, in large first year classes. Case studies of student work collapse Stockburger’s distinction between the game designer and the game player to further his extension of Lefebvre’s and Soja’s thinking about space as it relates to computer gaming. The chapter concludes by reconsidering the term ‘player’ as a ‘game designer in testing mode’.

Childhood Standard-Risk B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (SR-BCP-ALL): Toxicity and Efficacy Interim Results of the FRALLE 2000-A Protocol.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1952-1952
Author(s):  
Andre Baruchel ◽  
Anne Auvrignon ◽  
Marie-Françoise Auclerc ◽  
Yves Perel ◽  
Françoise Mechinaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cell Precursor ◽  
Induction Regimen ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Induction Failure ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Standard Risk ◽  
Comparable Population

Abstract From December 2000 to May 2004, 433 children with SR-BCP-ALL (age: 1–9, WBC<50 G/L, CNS-, no MLL-R, no BCR-ABL) were included in the FRALLE 2000 -A multicenter protocol. 367 pts are evaluable at point date. Induction regimen consisted in prednisone prephase for 7 days (60 mg/m2/d) + IT MTX, dexamethasone 6 mg/m2 (D8–D28), vincristine 1.5mg/m2(D8, D15, D22, D29), L-asparaginase 6000 U/m2 (9 infusions). Good marrow responders at D21(M1: 346 pts) were randomized to receive or not daunorubicin (DNR) 40 mg /m2 at D22 and D29. D21 M2/M3 pts (n= 19) were not randomized and given DNR. Two pts died before D21. A 12 week-consolidation with VCR (2 monthly), DEX pulses and 6 MP/mtx was followed by a 1st delayed intensification (CCG mode for the first month then VP16-AraC-Lanvis instead of cyclophosphamide Ara-C),and interphase therapy with VCR (1 monthly, Dex pulses and 6 MP/mtx). A 2nd delayed intensification (DI°2) (modified Capizzi: VCR, MTX 100 mg/m2, ASPA; every 10 days for 4 cycles) was followed by maintenance(total duration 24 months) with 12 VCR DEX pulses during the first year. MRD at end of induction (EOI) was determined by DNA-based PCR for Ig/TCR rearrangements leading to intensification of consolidation therapy (3 blocks) and heavier DI°2 for bad reponders (MRD level > 1%). RESULTS: 1. Efficacy : no leukemic induction failure and a low incidence of patients with D21 M2/M3 marrow have been observed (5 % versus 13% in the FRALLE 93 for the same population). Only 4 out 319 evaluable pts (1.3%) have a high EOI MRD (≥ 1%) at the end of induction therapy. Five relapses have only been observed yet even if MFU is still short (31 months). 2.Toxicity: Seven cases of non leukemic deaths have been observed. Main grade III-IV toxicities were attributable to L-Aspa (CNS thrombosis: 5pts, pancreatitis: 8 cases, allergic reaction during DI °2: 35 pts). One case of secondary AML was observed (UPN98: no DNR) (25 months of CR) with translocation t(9;11) and MLL rearrangement. 3.Randomization: at this FU no difference between the DNR+ and DNR- arms is obvious neither in terms of toxicity nor efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the initial unusual toxicities mentioned where related to asparaginase even if potentially increased by the use of DEX during induction. Since most of the pancreatitis or CNS thrombosis episodes have been reported before July 2002, a potential hypothesis on the variation in the batches of the E.Coli asparaginase used in France can be made beside the classical ones (learning effect ....). Efficacy results, although preliminary, are very encouraging since at the same MFU 4 times more relapses (20 out of 410 pts) were observed in the FRALLE 93 for a comparable population.

scholarly journals Dominance in a socially dynamic setting: hierarchical structure and conflict dynamics in ravens' foraging groups

2022 ◽  
Vol 377 (1845) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmyre H. Boucherie ◽  
Mario Gallego-Abenza ◽  
Jorg J. M. Massen ◽  
Thomas Bugnyar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Dynamic Setting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Group Members ◽  
To Receive

Dominance hierarchies typically emerge in systems where group members regularly encounter and compete for resources. In birds, the ‘open’ and dynamic structure of foraging groups may prevent the emergence of structured hierarchies, although this assumption have hardly been tested. We report on agonistic data for ravens Corvus corax , collected over two 18-month periods for 183 marked individuals of a wild (fluid) population and 51 birds from six captive (stable) groups. We show that the dominance structure (steep and transitive) in wild foraging groups is strikingly similar to that found in captivity. In the wild, we found that higher ranks are mainly occupied by males, older and more aggressive individuals that also tend to receive fewer aggressions. Exploring the mechanisms sustaining the wild dominance structure, we confirmed that males are more aggressive than females and, with age, tend to receive fewer aggressions than females. Males that are about to leave the foraging groups for some months are less aggressive than newcomers or locals, while newcomers are specifically targeted by aggressions in their first year (as juveniles). Taken together, our results indicate that the socially dynamic conditions ravens face during foraging do not hinder, but provide opportunities for, using (advanced) social cognition. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies’.

scholarly journals MEASURING THE IMPACT OF STUDENT LED TUTORIALS ON FIRST YEAR STUDENTS' LEARNING OUTCOMES

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohad Kadhum ◽  
Brad Buckham ◽  
Ben Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Student Assessment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Solution Strategies ◽  
Contact Hours ◽  
Choice Testing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

ENGR 141: Engineering Mechanics is afoundational course in the UVic Engineering Faculty thatserves all of the engineering degree programs:biomedical, civil, mechanical, electrical, computer andsoftware. Between the 2013 and 2014 offerings of thecourse, the ENGR 141 population grew dramatically, bywell over 50%, necessitating changes in the coursestructure and methods of student assessment. In additionto addressing logistical challenges, the changes weredesigned to develop the students’ confidence in theirability to wield fundamental mechanical principlesindependently and in peer-to-peer working environments.This was done by repurposing the tutorial sections of thecourse to create student driven exploration, analysis andsolution of complex three dimensional mechanicsproblems.A series of 22 problems lying outside the domain of theassignment problem sets were addressed-two in eachweek of the tutorials. The assignments and midtermsproblems were constructed so that the impact of tutorialwork on students mastery of the course Intended LearningOutcomes could be extracted.Under the new tutorial format, instructors monitoredgroup dynamics, helped troubleshoot and providedencouragement. Presentation of solution strategies weremade by select student groups each week. The currentwork describes the motivation for the changes made,observations made at implementation and somepreliminary results from analyses of the impact of the newcourse structure on student mastery of the course learningoutcomes. Important conclusions are that the student-ledtutorials should be accompanied with additionalinstructor contact hours that provide opportunity forstudents to receive tutelage on a one-to-one basis andthat individual testing should stress the procedures andtools emphasized in the tutorials.In addition, students found that assessments madethrough multiple choice testing contradicted values andprinciples being stressed in the tutorial and seminarsessions.

scholarly journals Implant Stability Changes for a Single Implant Mandibular Overdenture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Fouda ◽  
Ahmed Fahmy ◽  
Khaled Aziz ◽  
Marwa Abdel Aal ◽  
Amr Naguib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Edentulous Mandible ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Mandibular Overdenture ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Single Implant

Abstract Objectives To compare the changes in implant stability for the nonsubmerged and submerged protocols for a single-implant retained mandibular overdenture using Cendres and Metaux Locator attachment throughout a 24-month follow-up. Materials and Methods Eighty edentulous patients who were seeking to install a single implant in the midline of the completely edentulous mandible. At the day of implant installation, patients were randomized into two groups using sealed envelopes: the nonsubmerged and submerged groups. After 3 months of healing period, randomization using sealed envelopes was performed and patients were randomized to receive the Cendres and Metaux Locator attachment. The periotest readings were recorded using the Periotest M device, every 3 months for the first year and annually in the second year. The scope of this clinical trial focused only on results of the Cendres and Metaux attachment. Statistical Analysis The Mann–Whitney U-test was used for comparison between study groups for independent samples. Two-sided p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the mean periotest readings of both groups throughout the 24-month follow-up. Both groups showed an improvement in mean periotest readings with the submerged group tending to show greater stability at 6, 12, and 24-month follow-ups. Conclusions The nonsubmerged and the submerged healing protocols resulted in reliable periotest readings with the submerged group showing greater improvement than the nonsubmerged, although this improvement is nonsignificant when using the Cendres and Metaux attachment for a single mandibular overdenture.

scholarly journals Evidence for preferential attachment: Words that are more well connected in semantic networks are better at acquiring new links in paired-associate learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1069
Author(s):  
Matthew H. C. Mak ◽  
Hope Twitchell
Keyword(s):  
Paired Associate ◽  
Preferential Attachment ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Response Word ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Contextual Diversity ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Cue Words

Abstract Here, we view the mental lexicon as a semantic network where words are connected if they are semantically related. Steyvers and Tenenbaum (Cognitive Science, 29, 41–78, 2005) proposed that the growth of semantic networks follows preferential attachment, the observation that new nodes are more likely to connect to preexisting nodes that are more well connected (i.e., the rich get richer). If this is the case, well-connected known words should be better at acquiring new links than poorly connected words. We tested this prediction in three paired-associate learning (PAL) experiments in which participants memorized arbitrary cue–response word pairs. We manipulated the semantic connectivity of the cue words, indexed by the words’ free associative degree centrality. Experiment 1 is a reanalysis of the PAL data from Qiu and Johns (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 27, 114–121, 2020), in which young adults remembered 40 cue–response word pairs (e.g., nature–chain) and completed a cued recall task. Experiment 2 is a preregistered replication of Qiu and Johns. Experiment 3 addressed some limitations in Qiu and Johns’s design by using pseudowords as the response items (e.g., boot–arruity). The three experiments converged to show that cue words of higher degree centrality facilitated the recall/recognition of the response items, providing support for the notion that better-connected words have a greater ability to acquire new links (i.e., the rich do get richer). Importantly, while degree centrality consistently accounted for significant portions of variance in PAL accuracy, other psycholinguistic variables (e.g., concreteness, contextual diversity) did not, suggesting that degree centrality is a distinct variable that affects the ease of verbal associative learning.

Wainting for...

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bandac
Keyword(s):  
Samuel Beckett ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of College ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The One ◽  
To Receive

Abstract I have known Professor Huțanu since the first year of college and, although he wasn’t my professor, I have always admired the glimpse in the eyes of his students when they talked about rehearsing with him for exams or shows. Recently, when I found out that he was staging a show after a text by Samuel Beckett, I dared to approach him in order to “question” him about my favourite author, who is also the subject of my PhD research, as to say, a serious matter. This is how I came to discover a passionate man, director, teacher and actor, who mingles these three hypostases naturally, with diffidence. A generous man, who has permitted me to lift up (with shyness from me, of course) the frail curtain of the creation laboratory behind a difficult show, as to the nature of the animation theatre, implying technical rigors, and also to the aesthetic of the approach. I was permitted to attend rehearsals, to ask questions, to discuss, debate, to have doubts and, more importantly, to receive answers from the man behind the curtain, the one who thought and felt the Godot. Below there is a fragment of an interview – part of my PhD study – and, maybe a subjective mirror of the rustle reflected between the spectator and the creator.

A Politics Worthy of the Name

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Decay ◽  
The Rich ◽  
To Receive

Relative to the problems we face, our politics are about the most miserable that can be imagined. Those who purport to represent us and who on rare occasions try to lead us have been unable to take even the smallest steps to promote energy efficiency to avoid possibly catastrophic climatic change a few decades from now. They have failed to stop the hemorrhaging of life and protect biological diversity, soils, and forests. They ignore problems of urban decay, suburban sprawl, the poisoning of our children by persistent toxins, the destruction of rural communities, and the growing disparity between the rich and the poor. They cannot find the wherewithal to defend the public interest in matters of global trade or even in the financing of public elections. Indeed, the more potentially catastrophic the issue, the less likely it is to receive serious and sustained attention from political leaders at any level. Our public priorities, in other words, are upside down. Issues that will seem trivial or even nonsensical to our progeny are given great attention, while problems crucial to their well-being are ignored and allowed to grow into global catastrophes. At best they will regard us with pity, at worst as derelict and perhaps criminally so. The situation was not always this way. The leadership of this country was once capable of responding to threats to our security and health with alacrity and sometimes with intelligence. In light of the dismal performance of the U.S. political system relative to the large environmental and social issues looming ahead, we have, broadly speaking, three possible courses of action (assuming that we choose to act). The first is to turn the management of our environmental affairs over to a kind of permanent technocracy—a priesthood of global managers. The idea that experts ought to manage public affairs is at least as old as Plato. In its current incarnation, some propose to turn the management of the earth over to a group of global experts. Stripped to its essentials, this means smarter exploitation of nature culminating in the global administration of the planet with lots of satellites, remote sensing, and geographic information systems experts mapping one thing or another.

Development of an Interdisciplinary Electronic Consultation Platform in the Netherlands: a mixed methodes observational study. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Sanavro ◽  
Henk van der Worp ◽  
Danielle Jansen ◽  
Paul Koning ◽  
Marco H Blanker
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
First Year ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
To Receive

BACKGROUND Consultation between General Practitioners (GPs) and hospital specialists can be challenging due to mutual unavailability and lack of interactive communication tools. By contrast, team-based case collaboration on a patient-centered network of healthcare professionals could facilitate communication and knowledge transfer. A digital interactive platform was developed to support this new way of collaboration. OBJECTIVE Purpose. To describe the development of the digital consultation platform (PRISMA) to connect general GPs with hospital specialists via the Siilo application and to evaluate the first year of use, including consultations, topic diversity, and number of participating physicians. METHODS Methods. We conducted a mixed-methods observational study, analyzing qualitative and quantitative data for cases posted on the platform between June 2018 and May 2020. Any GP can post questions to an interdisciplinary group of secondary care specialists, with the platform designed to facilitate discussion and knowledge exchange for all users. RESULTS Results. In total, 3674 cases were posted by 424 GPs across 16 specialisms. Most questions and answers concerned diagnosis, non-medical treatment, and medication. Mean response time was 76 minutes (range, 44–252). An average of three users engaged with each case (up to seven specialists). Almost half of the internal medicine cases received responses from at least two specialisms in secondary care, contrasting with about one-fifth for dermatology. Of note, the growth in consultations was steepest for dermatology. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions. Digital consultations offer the possibility for GPs to receive quick responses when seeking advice. The interdisciplinary approach of PRISMA creates opportunities for digital patient-centered networking. CLINICALTRIAL none

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