scholarly journals Realization of Accurate Load Impedance Characterization for On-Wafer TRM Calibration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Su ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Lingling Sun
Keyword(s):  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Load Impedance ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Rf Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Calibration Algorithm ◽  
Impedance Characterization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Automatic Algorithm

In this paper, the uncertainty and the impact of imperfect load calibration standard for on-wafer Through-Reflect-Match calibration method are analyzed with the help of 3D electromagnetic simulations. Based on the finding that load impedance can lead to significant errors in calibration, an automatic algorithm to determine the complex impedance of the load standard is proposed. This method evaluates the resistance as well as the parasitic inductance introduced by the misalignment of the probe tip to the substrate pad at mm-wave frequencies or the non-precize load standard. The proposed algorithm was verified by practical measurement, and the results show that by incorporating actual load impedance into the calibration algorithm, the deviations of RF measurement results are greatly suppressed.

scholarly journals Minimization of the Line Resistance Impact on Memdiode-Based Simulations of Multilayer Perceptron Arrays Applied to Pattern Recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Fernando Leonel Aguirre ◽  
Nicolás M. Gomez ◽  
Sebastián Matías Pazos ◽  
Félix Palumbo ◽  
Jordi Suñé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Multilayer Perceptrons ◽  
Spice Simulation ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
High Line ◽  
Calibration Algorithm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Resistance

In this paper, we extend the application of the Quasi-Static Memdiode model to the realistic SPICE simulation of memristor-based single (SLPs) and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) intended for large dataset pattern recognition. By considering ex-situ training and the classification of the hand-written characters of the MNIST database, we evaluate the degradation of the inference accuracy due to the interconnection resistances for MLPs involving up to three hidden neural layers. Two approaches to reduce the impact of the line resistance are considered and implemented in our simulations, they are the inclusion of an iterative calibration algorithm and the partitioning of the synaptic layers into smaller blocks. The obtained results indicate that MLPs are more sensitive to the line resistance effect than SLPs and that partitioning is the most effective way to minimize the impact of high line resistance values.

scholarly journals The Impact of Elongation on Change in Electrical Resistance of Electrically Conductive Yarns Woven into Fabric

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3390
Author(s):  
Željko Knezić ◽  
Željko Penava ◽  
Diana Šimić Penava ◽  
Dubravko Rogale
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
As Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Electrically conductive yarns (ECYs) are gaining increasing applications in woven textile materials, especially in woven sensors suitable for incorporation into clothing. In this paper, the effect of the yarn count of ECYs woven into fabric on values of electrical resistance is analyzed. We also observe how the direction of action of elongation force, considering the position of the woven ECY, effects the change in the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive fabric. The measurements were performed on nine different samples of fabric in a plain weave, into which were woven ECYs with three different yarn counts and three different directions. Relationship curves between values of elongation forces and elongation to break, as well as relationship curves between values of electrical resistance of fabrics with ECYs and elongation, were experimentally obtained. An analytical mathematical model was also established, and analysis was conducted, which determined the models of function of connection between force and elongation, and between electrical resistance and elongation. The connection between the measurement results and the mathematical model was confirmed. The connection between the mathematical model and the experimental results enables the design of ECY properties in woven materials, especially textile force and elongation sensors.

Camera Calibration Method Based on Circle Plane Board

2013 ◽  
Vol 475-476 ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
Wen Guo Li ◽  
Shao Jun Duan
Keyword(s):  
Camera Calibration ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Lens Distortion ◽  
Edge Extraction ◽  
Circle Plane ◽  
Circle Centre ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Calibration Algorithm ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Distortion Parameters

We present a camera calibration method based on circle plane board. The centres of circles on plane are regarded as the characteristic points, which are used to implement camera calibration. The proposed calibration is more accurate than many previous calibration algorithm because of the merit of the coordinate of circle centre being obtained from thousand of of edge pionts of ellipse, which is very reliable to image noise caused by edge extraction algorithm. Experiments shows the proposed algorithm can obtain high precise inner parameters, and lens distortion parameters.

The impact of resource on remote quantum correlation Preparation

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (13&14) ◽  
pp. 1223-1232
Author(s):  
Chengjun Wu ◽  
Bin Luo ◽  
Hong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum Correlation ◽  
Quantum Discord ◽  
Entangled States ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Classical Communication ◽  
Bell Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Impact

When Alice and Bob share two pairs of quantum correlated states, Alice can remotely prepare quantum entanglement and quantum discord in Bob’s side by measuring the parts in her side and telling Bob the measurement results by classical communication. For remote entanglement preparation, entanglement is necessary . We find that for some shared resources having the same amount of entanglement, when Bell measurement is used, the entanglement remotely prepared can be different, and more discord in the resources actually decreases the entanglement prepared. We also find that for some resources with more entanglement, the entanglement remotely prepared may be less. Therefore, we conclude that entanglement is a necessary resource but may not be the only resource responsible for the entanglement remotely prepared, and discord does not likely to assist this process. Also, for the preparation of discord, we find that some states with no entanglement could outperform entangled states.

Industrial part localization and grasping using a robotic arm guided by 2D monocular vision

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Zheng ◽  
Yong Ma ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Yu Gu ◽  
Mingyu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Camera Calibration ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Monocular Vision ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Calibration Algorithm ◽  
Target Locating ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The welding areas of the workpiece must be consistent with high precision to ensure the welding success during the welding of automobile parts. The purpose of this paper is to design an automatic high-precision locating and grasping system for robotic arm guided by 2D monocular vision to meet the requirements of automatic operation and high-precision welding. Design/methodology/approach A nonlinear multi-parallel surface calibration method based on adaptive k-segment master curve algorithm is proposed, which improves the efficiency of the traditional single camera calibration algorithm and accuracy of calibration. At the same time, the multi-dimension feature of target based on k-mean clustering constraint is proposed to improve the robustness and precision of registration. Findings A method of automatic locating and grasping based on 2D monocular vision is provided for robot arm, which includes camera calibration method and target locating method. Practical implications The system has been integrated into the welding robot of an automobile company in China. Originality/value A method of automatic locating and grasping based on 2D monocular vision is proposed, which makes the robot arm have automatic grasping function, and improves the efficiency and precision of automatic grasp of robot arm.

Camera Calibration Method Based on Halcon

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 518-522
Author(s):  
Zhi Xian Zhang ◽  
Li Liang ◽  
Yong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Camera Calibration ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Accuracy Analysis ◽  
Calibration Algorithm ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Computation Speed

Aiming at the applications of computer vision,a nonlinear image geometrical model for array CCD camera was build and the interior parameters and exterior parameters as well were analyzed.By applying Halcon calibration board with circular targets plane of matrix gridding type and functions library,a camera calibration algorithm and accuracy analysis were given.Experiments indicated that the parameters were accurate and this method is simple and it improves the calibration precision and computation speed, and has a good cross-platform portability.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Operation of a Single Pixel Camera with Compressive Sensing in the Long-Wave Infrared

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Anna Szajewska
Keyword(s):  
Case Analysis ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Reconstruction Error ◽  
Infrared Observation ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Reference Images ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Single Pixel

Imaging with the use of a single pixel camera and based on compressed sensing (CS) is a new and promising technology. The use of CS allows reconstruction of images in various spectrum ranges depending on the spectrum sensibility of the used detector. During the study image reconstruction was performed in the LWIR range based on a thermogram from a simulated single pixel camera. For needs of reconstruction CS was used. A case analysis showed that the CS method may be used for construction of infrared-based observation single pixel cameras. This solution may also be applied in measuring cameras. Yet the execution of a measurement of radiation temperature requires calibration of results obtained by CS reconstruction. In the study a calibration method of the infrared observation camera was proposed and studies were carried out of the impact exerted by the number of measurements made on the quality of reconstruction. Reconstructed thermograms were compared with reference images of infrared radiation. It has been ascertained that the reduction of the reconstruction error is not directly in proportion to the number of collected samples being collected. Based on a review of individual cases it has been ascertained that apart from the number of collected samples, an important factor that affects the reconstruction fidelity is the structure of the image as such. It has been proven that estimation of the error for reconstructed thermograms may not be based solely on the quantity of executed measurements.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sappanwood Absorbance on Design Decisions

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Dan Pandapotan ◽  
Imam Djati ◽  
Meirina Triharini ◽  
Yusuf Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Product Thickness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Material Cutting ◽  
Color Texture

Sappan wood contains substances that have health benefits. The community has made use of sappan wood in various forms, such as powder and shavings. In addition, sappan products are found in the form of blocks and spindles. If the product is in the form of blocks or logs, then people can recognize several characteristics of a wood, such as color, texture, hardness and weight. This will be more difficult to do if the product is in the form of powder or shavings. These advantages can be utilized in forms that have a specific purpose, such as the use function and decoration function. The use function can be done by soaking sappan wood using water, at a certain temperature and time. The process will produce a solution with a certain content which can be measured based on the absorbance value. The decoration function can be carried out by forming the sappan wood using the chisel principle, reducing the volume of raw materials. This research was conducted to determine the impact of shape on the concentration of content in sappan wood, so that it produces considerations that can be used in designing a product made from sappan wood. Experiments were carried out on 4 types of treatments, N specimens representing the treatment of repeated use, LPA and LPB specimens representing different surface area treatments, and specimens V representing treatments with different volumes. Each treatment produced a solution which was measured using UV-Vis Spectorphotometry. The measurement results in each specimen solution show the absorbance value can be taken into consideration in designing a product made from sappan wood. The things that need to be considered are the distance between cavities, product thickness and material cutting patterns.

Reduction of ground-borne vibrations from rail lines on viaducts by means of elastic anti-vibration mats

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-565
Author(s):  
Caiyou Zhao ◽  
Wang Ping ◽  
Mengting Xing ◽  
Qiang Yi ◽  
Liuchong Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Ground Vibration ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Track Bridge ◽  
Bridge Bearing ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the effectiveness of elastic anti-vibration mats in reducing ground-borne vibrations from rail viaducts is investigated by means of theoretical analysis and is validated by the results of field tests. A two-step procedure is adopted for analyzing the vehicle-track-bridge-soil coupling system. In the first step, the train-track-bridge-pier subsystem is considered, and the bridge-bearing reaction force is solved. In the second step, the pier-pile-soil subsystem is considered, and the ground vibration solution is obtained by applying the negative bridge-bearing reaction force to the pier top on a pier-pile-soil model. The accuracy of the presented model is then verified in comparison with in-situ measurement results. On the basis of this comparison, a parametric study on the impact of anti-vibration mats on ground-borne vibrations was investigated theoretically, and the effectiveness of elastic anti-vibration mats with the suggested optimal parameters was further validated by field tests. The results show that when the stiffness of the elastic anti-vibration mats is 1.5 MPa/m, ground vibration decreases significantly and the vertical rail displacement agrees with high-speed railway regulations.

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