scholarly journals Low Background Radiation Detection Techniques and Mitigation of Radioactive Backgrounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Laubenstein ◽  
Ian Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Detection Techniques

scholarly journals Investigating Detectability of Infrared Radiation Based on Image Evaluation for Engine Flame

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Li ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Meihui Li ◽  
Zhenming Peng ◽  
Xingrun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Infrared Image ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Spectral Correlation ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Angle Of View ◽  
Application Requirements

Aiming at the application requirements of infrared detection, the influence of earth background interference on plume radiation detection is investigated and discussed in this article. The infrared image of the earth’s atmospheric background radiation is simulated by the spectral correlation based on the conversion model of the surface radiation with different bands. The infrared radiation image of the jet flame and the background is generated by overlapping the infrared radiation of the engine flame and the background radiation according to the detection angle of view. Through the image quality evaluation model, the detectability of the flame is analyzed. The simulating results show that the comprehensive statistical features such as image information entropy, variance and signal-to-clutter ratio can be used to evaluate the detectability of the engine flame.

Developments in Detection of Rock Damage

2012 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 1018-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Dong Peng ◽  
Yan Cong Yang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Yu Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Internal Variable ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Damage Variable ◽  
Rock Damage ◽  
State Equations ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Detection Techniques

How to quantificationally detect the damage of rocks is a key problem in damage mechanics for rocks, and it determined whether the damage theory of rocks could be brought into action in rock engineering. Detection techniques of rock damage were summarized and grouped into structural analysis approaches and feature measurement approaches, which include SEM analysis, CT detection, stress-strain measurement, wave detection, acoustic emission monitoring, infrared radiation detection, etc. Image processing and fractal theory were introduced to calculate damage variable directly based on images. All kinds of damage variables resulted from different methods are equipollent in thermodynamics, and they are an internal variable to characterize damage state. The difference of each kind of damage variable is that different formations of state equations and dynamic equations would be derived from different variables. It was suggested that the favorable rock damage variables should be selected according to the thermodynamics principle and those convenient to detect and easy to analysis should be adopted preferably.

scholarly journals LiteBIRD: A Satellite for the Studies of B-Mode Polarization and Inflation from Cosmic Background Radiation Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 194 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hazumi ◽  
P. A. R. Ade ◽  
Y. Akiba ◽  
D. Alonso ◽  
K. Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Cosmic Background Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Background

Background Radiation: Detection, Measurement and Hazards

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Rajan Paudel Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Beta Particles ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

Radiation is a form of energy. It is of two types: non-ionizing and ionizing. Among them, ionizing radiations have hazardous health effects upon human beings. Different types of cancers may arise from the overexposure to ionizing radiations like alpha- particles, beta-particles, gamma- rays, x-rays etc. Further, ionizing radiations have very important utilities in case of paper handling and use. Radiations can be used for various beneficial purposes like medical imaging, radiation therapy, improvement of quality of agriculture, industry etc. The overall radiation from various sources on a specific location on earth's surface refers to the background radiation level of that zone. Exposure to background radiation is an inescapable feature of the environment. A portable GM counter was used to quantify the total radiation level at different places. The finding of this shows a variation of radiation level. Comparatively large values of radiation counts at high altitude and low values at river side. There is no any abnormal value of radiation counts for all sample places. So, there is, generally, no significant risk of public exposure to the background radiation for sample places.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 6 & 7, 2017 (119-122)

scholarly journals Low Background Liquid Scintillation Counting Using an Active Sample Holder and Pulse Discrimination Electronics

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 332-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E Noakes ◽  
Robert J Valenta
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Sample Holder ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Beta Counting

A Packard low-level liquid scintillation counting system is described which provides superior low-background beta-counting capability for3H and14C. The design is based on a novel pulse-discrimination circuit that separates background from valid scintillation pulses. Background discrimination is further enhanced by adding a plastic vial holder that acts as an anticoincidence guard. When excited by background radiation, the scintillation properties of the plastic provide an increased burst of photons to the detection electronics, which discriminate based on the number of component pulses in the burst. Experimental data demonstrate the low-level counting capabilities of this counter.

A shallow underground laboratory for low-background radiation measurements and materials development

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 113503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Aalseth ◽  
R. M. Bonicalzi ◽  
M. G. Cantaloub ◽  
A. R. Day ◽  
L. E. Erikson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Underground Laboratory ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Radiation Measurements ◽  
Shallow Underground Laboratory

scholarly journals Low-Background Shielding Box for Autoradiography of Environmental Samples and the α-, β-, and γ-ray Sensitivities of the Imaging Plates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5209
Author(s):  
Shizuma ◽  
Oba
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Imaging Plates

Autoradiography using imaging plates is a conventional method for the visualization of the distribution of radionuclides. Imaging plates have high sensitivity to the charged particles of α- and β-rays but are also sensitive to γ-rays. When the radioactivity level in the sample is low, a longer exposure time is needed, and shielding of the natural background radiation is necessary. Large imaging plates (e.g., 35 × 40 cm), which can obtain the radioactivity distribution over a wider area, were developed. In this work, a low-background shielding box is developed for large imaging plates, and the shielding characteristics of the box and sensitivities of the imaging plate to α-, β-, and γ-rays are quantitatively investigated. It is shown, by considering the sensitivity of imaging plates to α-, β-, and γ-rays, that most images of environmental samples are the result of α- or β-rays emitted from radionuclides at the sample surface, but not from the whole sample. To exemplify autoradiography using the presented shielding box, some environmental samples contaminated with radioactive fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident are measured. The distribution of radionuclides is clearly visualized and, furthermore, information of the migration of radiocesium in the sample is obtained.

The density-dependency of dark- and low-background radiation effects on water and water solution properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Baghdasaryan ◽  
Yerazik Mikayelyan ◽  
Sedrak Barseghyan ◽  
Erna Dadasyan ◽  
Sinerik Ayrapetyan
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Density Dependency
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