scholarly journals Hydroxysafflor Yellow A: A Systematical Review on Botanical Resources, Physicochemical Properties, Drug Delivery System, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Jiao ◽  
Xiaoxiao Zhang ◽  
Daquan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Chemical Instability ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Systematical Review

Hydroxysafflower yellow A (HSYA), as a principal natural ingredient extracted from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), has significant pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and anticancer effects. However, chemical instability and low bioavailability have been severely hampering the clinical applications of HSYA during the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, this present review systematically summarized the materials about HSYA, including acquisition methods, extraction and detection methods, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects and molecular mechanism, especially focus on the possible causes and resolutions about the chemical instability and low bioavailability of HSYA, in order to provide relatively comprehensive basic data for the related research of HSYA.

scholarly journals Hydroxysafflor Yellow A: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for a Broad Spectrum of Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ao ◽  
Wuwen Feng ◽  
Cheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Lung Protection ◽  
Metabolism Regulation

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is one of the major bioactive and water-soluble compounds isolated from Carthami Flos, the flower of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). As a natural pigment with favorable medical use, HSYA has gained extensive attention due to broad and effective pharmacological activities since first isolation in 1993. In clinic, the safflor yellow injection which mainly contains about 80% HSYA was approved by the China State Food and Drug Administration and used to treat cardiac diseases such as angina pectoris. In basic pharmacology, HSYA has been proved to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects that include, but not limited to, cardiovascular effect, neuroprotection, liver and lung protection, antitumor activity, metabolism regulation, and endothelium cell protection. Although a great number of studies have been carried out to prove the pharmacological effects and corresponding mechanisms of HYSA, a systemic review of HYSA has not yet been seen. Here, we provide a comprehensive summarization of the pharmacological effects of HYSA. Together with special attention to mechanisms of actions, this review can serve as the basis for further researches and developments of this medicinal compound.

Borneol: A Plant Sourced Terpene with a Variety of Promising Pharmacological Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarjitsing Rajput ◽  
Aditi Kasar ◽  
Shruti Thorat ◽  
Madhur Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Adhesion Activity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Sources

Background: Borneol, a bicyclic monoterpene belonging to the class of camphene is sourced from Blumea balsamifera, Cinnamonum camphora (L.) Presl, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertner, and the volatile oils extracted from various other plant sources. Chinese Traditional Medicine system documents almost 1000 years of clinical use of borneol as an adjuvant as well as an active in treating various diseases and disorders; mainly pertaining to the central nervous system. Objective: The review aims to provide the insights into the array of pharmacological activities elicited by borneol along with their underlying mechanisms. Methods: Apart from the promising permeation enhancing activity, the scientific database has established strong evidence of a variety of pharmacological effects for borneol. The current work involved critical evaluation of the published and patented literature revealing various pharmacodynamic activities of borneol alone and in combination with other actives. The mechanisms responsible for the same were also investigated. Results: A plethora of studies has revealed a promising antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial adhesion activity of borneol. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, and antiepileptic actions of borneol have been elucidated via a number of preclinical studies. Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, and anticancer effects have also been explored for borneol. Conclusion: The array of pharmacological activities evaluated for borneol alone or in combination with other actives could be attributed to its specific molecular structure, excellent brain permeability, strong antioxidant property, and ability to modulate various inflammatory pathways and precursors. However, more extensive preclinical and mainly clinical studies are warranted before this bicyclic monoterpene can establish as an active pharmaceutical agent.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Carthamus tinctorius L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le-Le Zhang ◽  
Ke Tian ◽  
Zheng-Hai Tang ◽  
Xiao-Jia Chen ◽  
Zhao-Xiang Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Blood Stasis ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activities

Carthamus tinctorius L. is a multifunctional cash crop. Its flowers and seeds are extensively used in traditional herbal medicine in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries, for treating various ailments such as gynecological, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases as well as blood stasis and osteoporosis. More than 100 compounds have been isolated and identified from C. tinctorius. Flavonoids and alkaloids, especially the quinochalcone c-glycoside hydroxysafflor yellow A, N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin, and N-feruloylserotonin, are responsible for most of the pharmacological activities of C. tinctorius. In this paper, comprehensive and up-to-date information on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. tinctorius is presented. This information will be helpful for further explorations of the therapeutic potential of C. tinctorius and may provide future research opportunities.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Actions, Molecular Mechanisms, Pharmacokinetic Progressions, and Clinical Applications of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in Antidiabetic Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xilan Zhang ◽  
Dayue Shen ◽  
Yating Feng ◽  
Yuanping Li ◽  
Hui Liao
Keyword(s):  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a nutraceutical compound derived from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), has been shown as an effective therapeutic agent in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Our previous study showed that the effect of HSYA on high-glucose-induced podocyte injury is related to its anti-inflammatory activities via macrophage polarization. Based on the information provided on PubMed, Scopus and Wanfang database, we currently aim to provide an updated overview of the role of HSYA in antidiabetic research from the following points: pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetic progressions, and clinical applications. The pharmacokinetic research of HSYA has laid foundations for the clinical applications of HSYA injection in diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy. The application of HSYA as an antidiabetic oral medicament has been investigated based on its recent oral delivery system research. In vivo and in vitro pharmacological research indicated that the antidiabetic activities of HSYA were based mainly on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms via JNK/c-jun pathway, NOX4 pathway, and macrophage differentiation. Further anti-inflammatory exploration related to NF-κB signaling, MAPK pathway, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway might deserve attention in the future. The anti-inflammatory activities of HSYA related to diabetes and diabetic complications will be a highlight in our following research.

Designed Synthesis of Diversely Substituted Hydantoins and Hydantoin-Based Hybrid Molecules: A Personal Account

Synlett ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Personal Account ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Hybrid Molecules ◽  
Biological Target ◽  
Designed Synthesis ◽  
Mixed Mechanism

Hydantoin and its analogs such as thiohydantoin and iminohydantoin have received substantial attention both from a chemical and biological point of view. Several compounds of this class have shown useful pharmacological activities such as anticonvulsant, antitumor, antiarrhythmic, herbicidal, and others that lead in some cases to clinical applications. Because of broad-spectrum activities, intensive research efforts have been dedicated in industry and academia to the synthesis and structural modifications of hydantoin and its derivatives. Realizing the importance of hydantoin in organic and medicinal chemistry, we also initiated a research program to successfully design and develop the new routes/methods resulting in the formation of hydantoin, thiohydantoin, and iminohydantoin substituted at different positions particularly at the N-1 position without following protection-deprotection strategy. Given the fact that the combination of two or more pharmacophoric groups may lead to hybrid molecules which result in a mixed mechanism of action on the biological target. We, therefore, further extended the developed strategy for the synthesis of new types of hydantoin-based hybrid molecules by combining hydantoin with a triazole, isoxazoline, and phosphate scaffolds as another pharmacophoric group to exploit diverse biological functions.

Breviscapine: A Review on its Phytochemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Luan Wen ◽  
Ting He ◽  
AXiang Yu ◽  
Siqi Sun ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Component ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Pharmacological Activities

Breviscapine is one of the extracts of several flavonoids of Erigeron breviscapus. Scutellarin is the main active component of breviscapine, and the qualitative or quantitative criteria as well. Scutellarin and its analogs share a similar skeleton of the flavonoids. Breviscapine has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarction and its sequelae, cerebral thrombus, coronary heart disease (CHD), and angina pectoris. Breviscapine has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as increasing blood flow, improving microcirculation, dilating blood vessels, decreasing blood viscosity, promoting fibrinolysis, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and thrombosis formation, etc. In addition, breviscapine and its analogs have significant value for drug research and development because of the superiority of those significant bioactivities. Furthermore, an increasing number of pharmacokinetic studies have explored the mechanism of scutellarin and its analogs. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research on breviscapine, scutellarin, and the analogs, the structural features, distribution situation, preparation method, content determination method, clinical applications, pharmacological action as well as pharmacokinetics are summarized in the present review.

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanowires for Diagnostic Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Hubbe ◽  
Eduardo Mendes ◽  
Pouyan Boukany
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Single Wire ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Disordered Structures ◽  
Functional Part ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Polymer Nanowires

Polymer nanowire-related research has shown considerable progress over the last decade. The wide variety of materials and the multitude of well-established chemical modifications have made polymer nanowires interesting as a functional part of a diagnostic biosensing device. This review provides an overview of relevant publications addressing the needs for a nanowire-based sensor for biomolecules. Working our way towards the detection methods itself, we review different nanowire fabrication methods and materials. Especially for an electrical signal read-out, the nanowire should persist in a single-wire configuration with well-defined positioning. Thus, the possibility of the alignment of nanowires is discussed. While some fabrication methods immanently yield an aligned single wire, other methods result in disordered structures and have to be manipulated into the desired configuration.

scholarly journals Establishment of Fluorescence Sensitization Method for Hydroxysafflor Yellow A

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAO Haiyan ◽  
QIN Xiude ◽  
LIU Chen ◽  
ZHAO Xinzhe ◽  
MA Yuhui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Absorption And Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A ◽  
T24 Cells ◽  
Fluorescence Sensitization ◽  
In Cells

As the main active ingredient in Chinese medicine safflower, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has multiple pharmacological effects. In the work, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of HSYA under different environmental conditions (such as acidity, temperature, ions, viscosity, and surfactant) were investigated. The fluorescence intensity of HSYA varied greatly with acidity, temperature, viscosity, and surfactant, but was less affected by common cations and anions. Among various surfactants, we found that borax can significantly enhance the HSYA fluorescence intensity, and thus, a borax-HSYA sensitization system for HSYA fluorescence was established. In the optimized sensitization system, the fluorescence intensity of HSYA increased by 20 times and showed a good linearity with HSYA concentrations in the range of 0∼10 μM with a detection limit of 8 nM. The borax-HSYA sensitization system is nontoxic to T24 cells and mice and can be used for the fluorescence imaging of HSYA in cells, thereby providing an effective method for analyzing HSYA in vitro and monitoring its metabolism in cells.

scholarly journals Seeing the Unseen of the Combination of Two Natural Resins, Frankincense and Myrrh: Changes in Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Cao ◽  
Xi-Chuan Wei ◽  
Xiao-Rong Xu ◽  
Hai-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Chuan-Hong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Natural Resins ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Natural Drugs

For the treatment of diseases, especially chronic diseases, traditional natural drugs have more effective therapeutic advantages because of their multi-target and multi-channel characteristics. Among many traditional natural medicines, resins frankincense and myrrh have been proven to be effective in the treatment of inflammation and cancer. In the West, frankincense and myrrh have been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies since ancient times; in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, they are used mainly for the treatment of chronic diseases. The main chemical constituents of frankincense and myrrh are terpenoids and essential oils. Their common pharmacological effects are anti-inflammatory and anticancer. More interestingly, in traditional Chinese medicine, frankincense and myrrh have been combined as drug pairs in the same prescription for thousands of years, and their combination has a better therapeutic effect on diseases than a single drug. After the combination of frankincense and myrrh forms a blend, a series of changes take place in their chemical composition, such as the increase or decrease of the main active ingredients, the disappearance of native chemical components, and the emergence of new chemical components. At the same time, the pharmacological effects of the combination seem magically powerful, such as synergistic anti-inflammation, synergistic anticancer, synergistic analgesic, synergistic antibacterial, synergistic blood-activation, and so on. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of these two natural resins, along with chemical and pharmacological studies on the combination of the two.

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