scholarly journals Transmembrane signal transduction by peptide hormones via family B G protein-coupled receptors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Culhane ◽  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Yingying Cai ◽  
Elsa C. Y. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Peptide Hormones ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
G Protein Coupled

New thoughts on the role of the βγ subunit in G protein signal transduction

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Vanderbeld ◽  
Gregory M Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
G Protein ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Downstream Effectors ◽  
Receptor Signal ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Heterotrimeric G proteins are involved in numerous biological processes, where they mediate signal transduction from agonist-bound G-protein-coupled receptors to a variety of intracellular effector molecules and ion channels. G proteins consist of two signaling moieties: a GTP-bound α subunit and a βγ heterodimer. The βγ dimer, recently credited as a significant modulator of G-protein-mediated cellular responses, is postulated to be a major determinant of signaling fidelity between G-protein-coupled receptors and downstream effectors. In this review we have focused on the role of βγ signaling and have included examples to demonstrate the heterogeneity in the heterodimer composition and its implications in signaling fidelity. We also present an overview of some of the effectors regulated by βγ and draw attention to the fact that, although G proteins and their associated receptors play an instrumental role in development, there is rather limited information on βγ signaling in embryogenesis.Key words: G protein, βγ subunit, G-protein-coupled receptor, signal transduction, adenylyl cyclase.

A common step for signal transduction in G protein-coupled receptors

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Oliveira ◽  
A.C.M. Paiva ◽  
C. Sander ◽  
G. Vriend
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
G Protein ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
G Protein Coupled

G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery: Nanosizing Using Cell-Free Technologies and Molecular Biology Approaches

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne R. Leifert ◽  
Amanda L. Aloia ◽  
Olgatina Bucco ◽  
Richard V. Glatz ◽  
Edward J. McMurchie
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Orphan Receptors ◽  
Molecular Switching ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Current Cell ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Signaling Components

Signal transduction by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) underpins a multitude of physiological processes. Ligand recognition by the receptor leads to activation of a genericmolecular switch involving heterotrimeric G-proteins and guanine nucleotides. Signal transduction has been studied extensively with both cell-based systems and assays comprising isolated signaling components. Interest and commercial investment in GPCRs in areas such as drug targets, orphan receptors, highthroughput screening, biosensors, and so on will focus greater attention on assay development to allow for miniaturization, ultra-high throughput and, eventually, microarray/biochip assay formats. Although cell-based assays are adequate for many GPCRs, it is likely that these formatswill limit the development of higher density GPCRassay platforms mandatory for other applications. Stable, robust, cell-free signaling assemblies comprising receptor and appropriate molecular switching components will form the basis of future GPCR assay platforms adaptable for such applications as microarrays. The authors review current cell-free GPCR assay technologies and molecular biological approaches for construction of novel, functional GPCR assays.

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