scholarly journals Hyperinflammation in Two Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Infected Adolescents Successfully Treated With the Interleukin-1 Inhibitor Anakinra and Glucocorticoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca I. Calò Carducci ◽  
Maria Antonietta De Ioris ◽  
Chiara Agrati ◽  
Rita Carsetti ◽  
Daniela Perrotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Good Clinical Response

Background: In severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) critically ill adults, hyperinflammation plays a key role in disease progression. The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children are much less severe compared with adult patients and usually associated with a good prognosis. However, hyperinflammation in SARS-CoV-2-infected pediatric patients has been described as pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 or as Kawasaki-like disease but is still little known, and optimal management has to be defined. The World Health Organization (WHO) on the 15th of May 2020 has developed a preliminary case definition for multisystem inflammatory disorder in children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and stated for an urgent need to collect data on this condition. Here, we report two adolescent patients affected by COVID-19 presenting with multisystem inflammatory disorder, 3–4 weeks after the first symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra and glucocorticoids with good clinical response.Cases: We report two patients chronically ill appearing, with high fever, severe gastrointestinal involvement, and increased biomarkers of inflammation onset 3–4 weeks after paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. They had no lung involvement, but abdominal ultrasound and CT scan showed thickening of the bowel wall. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive on ileum biopsy in both patients, whereas it was negative on other common sampled sites. They have been admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and have been treated with a combination of anakinra 6–8 mg/kg/day i.v. and a standard dose of methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg/day in addition to lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg q12h and low molecular weight heparin 100 UI/kg q12h with good clinical response.

scholarly journals Early clinical predictors of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the emergency department

CJEM ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N. Wong ◽  
Antonio C.H. Sek ◽  
Rick F.L. Lau ◽  
K.M. Li ◽  
Joe K.S. Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Contact Exposure ◽  
Chest X Ray

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the association of diagnostic predictors available in the emergency department (ED) with the outcome diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods: This retrospective cohort study describes all patients from the Amoy Garden complex who presented to an ED SARS screening clinic during a 2-month outbreak. Clinical and diagnostic predictors were recorded, along with ED diagnoses. Final diagnoses were established independently based on diagnostic tests performed after the ED visit. Associations of key predictors with the final diagnosis of SARS were described. Results: Of 821 patients, 205 had confirmed SARS, 35 undetermined SARS and 581 non-SARS. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the strongest predictors of SARS were abnormal chest x-ray (odds ratio [OR] = 17.4), subjective fever (OR = 9.7), temperature >38°C (OR = 6.4), myalgias (OR = 5.5), chills and rigors (OR = 4.0) and contact exposure (OR = 2.6). In a subset of 176 patients who had a complete blood cell count performed, the strongest predictors were temperature ≥38ºC (OR = 15.5), lymphocyte count <1000 (OR = 9.3) and abnormal chest x-ray (OR = 5.7). Diarrhea was a powerful negative predictor (OR = 0.03) of SARS. Conclusions: Two components of the World Health Organization case definition — fever and contact exposure — are helpful for ED decision-making, but respiratory symptoms do not discriminate well between SARS and non-SARS. Emergency physicians should consider the presence of diarrhea, chest x-ray findings, the absolute lymphocyte count and the platelet count as significant modifiers of disease likelihood. Prospective validation of these findings in other clinical settings is desirable.

scholarly journals Review Sistematik Temuan Oftalmologi pada Pasien dengan COVID -19: Apa yang Harus Kita Ketahui?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1A) ◽  
pp. 271-287
Author(s):  
Amalia Dwi Ariska ◽  
Trining Poernomo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Conjunctival Swab ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Health Organization

Latar belakang: SARS COV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) merupakan virus penyebab COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disesease-2019) yang pertama kali muncul di Kota Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, Cina pada akhir Desember 2019. Sejak kemunculannya, SARS COV-2 menunjukkan penambahan jumlah pasien dan kematian yang pesat hingga lintas negara sehingga pada tanggal 11 Maret 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) mengumumkan bahwa COVID-19 dinyatakan sebagai global pandemi. Manifestasi COVID-19 dilaporkan sangat bervariasi, mulai dari gangguan sistem pernafasan, pencernaan, bahkan okular. Namun karena kelangkaan kasus dan situasi pandemi sehingga literatur mengenai manifestasinya pada mata sangat terbatas. Tujuan: Artikel ini akan menelaah manifestasi klinis SARS-COV-2 pada mata, hubungannya dengan manifestasi sistemik, peran pemeriksaan PCR swab konjungtiva, dan terapi yang diberikan melalui review kualitatif sesuai dengan rekomendasi PRISMA. Diskusi dan pembahasan masalah: Terdapat 12 dokumen yang ditelaah dalam review ini. Selain gejala pernafasan, COVID-19 juga dilaporkan dapat menyebabkan konjungtivitis dengan ciri umum seperti mata merah, kemosis konjungtiva, mata berair maupun manifestasi okular lain yang lebih jarang. Manifestasi okular dapat sebagai gejala tunggal, prodromal, maupun bersamaan dengan manifestasi sistemik, dan bisa menyebabkan gejala sisa berupa floaters. Terapinya pun bervariasi berdasarkan gejala. Pada kasus COVID-19 dengan konjungtivitis hasil pemeriksaan PCR swab konjungtiva bisa positif maupun negatif. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa manifestasi okular pada pasien COVID-19 mungkin saja terjadi, dan hubungannya dengan manifestasi sistemik sangat bervariasi. Untuk terapi perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut, dan banyak faktor yang menyebabkan hasil PCR swab konjungtiva tidak sesuai dengan klinis pasien. Sehingga diharapkan agar setiap tenaga kesehatan untuk selalu waspada dan mengambil tindakan pencegahan yang memadai terlepas dari ada atau tidaknya manifestasi okular. Kata kunci : SARS CoV-2; COVID-19; manifestasi okular; konjungtivitis; PCR; swab konungtiva.     Background: SARS COV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) is a virus that causes COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disesease-2019) which first appeared in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China at the end of December 2019. Since its emergence, SARS COV-2 showed a rapid enhancement in the number of patients and death cases across countries, because of that, on March 11th, 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) announced that COVID-19 was declared as a global pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 were reported to be very varied, ranging from disorders of the respiratory, digestive, and even ocular system. However, due to the scarcity of cases and pandemic situations, the literature of its manifestations in the eyes is very limited. Objective: This article will review the clinical manifestations of SARS-COV-2 in the eye, their relationship to systemic manifestations, the PCR examination of conjunctival swab’s roles, and therapy provided through qualitative reviews according to PRISMA recommendations. Discussion: There were 12 documents reviewed in this study. In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 was also reported to cause conjunctivitis with common features such as red eye, conjunctival chemosis, watery discharge or other ocular manifestations that were less common. Ocular manifestations could be a single symptom, prodromal, or concurrent with systemic manifestations, and could cause sequelae in the form of floaters. Its treatment also varied based on symptoms. In the case of COVID-19 with conjunctivitis the results of conjunctival swab PCR examination could be positive or negative. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ocular manifestations in COVID-19 patients may occur, and their relationship with systemic manifestations is varies. For therapy, further research is needed, and many factors cause the conjunctival swab PCR results to be incompatible with the patient's clinical course. We hope that every health worker must be aware and take precautions regardless of the presence or absence of ocular manifestations. Keywords: SARS CoV-2; COVID-19; ocular manifestations; conjunctivitis; PCR; conjunctival swab.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Changing Landscape of Coronavirus Disease 2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby A. Escobedo ◽  
Deepak Kaushal ◽  
Dhiraj K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Dynamic Landscape ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious, infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan China. A year after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, over 215 million confirmed cases and approximately 5 million deaths have been reported worldwide. In this multidisciplinary review, we summarize important insights for COVID-19, ranging from its origin, pathology, epidemiology, to clinical manifestations and treatment. More importantly, we also highlight the foundational connection between genetics and the development of personalized medicine and how these aspects have an impact on disease treatment and management in the dynamic landscape of this pandemic.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings of the COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-78
Author(s):  
ISI-SENAI-CIMATEC Group
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Since the beginning of the pandemic of new coronavirus, scientists are trying to elucidate the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 replication in the human body, its genome, and the behavior of the virus into cells. Also, at the beginning of the outbreak, they found that the unique problem of the virus is the severe acute respiratory syndrome pneumonia, however, new discoveries revealed that the virus affects major organ systems in the human body, causing injuries and letal damages. In addtion, the tests for diagnosing the virus has became a priorty. So, based on the literature review, we showed in this articles the mechanisms of the virus into cells, the symptoms, the clinical course of the disease, and the main injuries caused in the human body’s systems by the SARS-Cov-2, and the laboratory findings. We based our research in the articles of the main database (PubMed/Medline, Elsevier Science Direct, Scopus, Isi Web of Science, Embase, Exerpta Medica, UptoDate, Lilacs, Novel Coronavirus Resource Directory from Elsevier), in the high-impact international scientific Journals (Scimago Journal and Country Rank - SJR - and Journal Citation Reports - JCR), such as The Lancet, Science, Nature, The New England Journal of Medicine, Physiological Reviews, Journal of the American Medical Association, Plos One, Journal of Clinical Investigation, and in the data from Center for Disease Control (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and World Health Organization (WHO). We prior selected meta-analysis, systematic reviews, article reviews and original articles in this order. We reviewed more than 317 articles and used 235 from March to June 2020, using the terms coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus, Wuhan coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome, 2019-nCoV, 2019 novel coronavirus, n-CoV-2, covid, n-Sars-2, COVID-19, corona virus, coronaviruses, Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, symtoms, damage, injuries, laboratory, diagnosis, with the tools MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), AND, OR, and characters [,“,; /., to ensure the best review topics. We concluded that the virus could affect and damage the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, urogenital system, and central nervous system. It makes the treatment harder than the physicians found at the beginning of the pandemic. We are initiating our understanding of this new virus and the effect in patients during the symptoms and after them. A deeper understanding of this virus from biomedical research and epidemiological observation will provide important clues to etiologic research, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic assessment against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Global Pandemic as a Result of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Outbreak: A Biomedical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Arvind Sethuraman Vairavan ◽  
Devarani Rameshnathan ◽  
Nagaraja Suryadevara ◽  
Gnanendra Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Viral Life Cycle ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus had emerged in Wuhan city, China that led to an outbreak resulting in a global pandemic, taking thousands of lives. The infectious virus was later classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Individuals infected by this novel virus initially exhibit nonspecific symptoms such as dry cough, fever, dizziness and many more bodily complications. From the “public health emergency of international concern” declaration by the World Health Organisation (WHO), several countries have taken steps in controlling the transmission and many researchers share their knowledge on the SARS-COV-2 characteristics and viral life cycle, that may aid in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and antiviral drugs that interfere with the viral life cycle. In this literature review the origin, classification, aetiology, life cycle, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and treatment are all reviewed.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Gennaro ◽  
Damiano Pizzol ◽  
Claudia Marotta ◽  
Mario Antunes ◽  
Vincenzo Racalbuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019 a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing severe acute respiratory syndrome expanded globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus a global pandemic. We performed a narrative review to describe existing literature with regard to Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and future perspective. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles. Although only when the pandemic ends it will be possible to assess the full health, social and economic impact of this global disaster, this review represents a picture of the current state of the art. In particular, we focus on public health impact, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, case management, emergency response and preparedness.

scholarly journals A Review on Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) & Its Preventive Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Vijay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019 a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing severe acute respiratory syndrome expanded globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus a global pandemic. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 can attack lung cells because there are many conserved receptor entries, namely Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2. The presence of this virus in host cells will initiate various protective responses leading to pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. This review aimed to provide an overview related to this Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and future perspective.  We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase and Scopus databases for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Full texts were retrieved, analyzed and developed into an easy-to-understand review. Although only when the pandemic ends it will be possible to assess the full health, social and economic impact of this global disaster, this review represents a picture of the current state of the art. In particular, we focus on public health impact, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, case management, emergency response and preparedness. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India and ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) has formulated guidelines, advisories for social distancing protocol, diagnosis, management, do’s and don’ts and other reliable material.  

COVID 19: REALS AND CHALLENGES AGAINST DOCTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Zen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Health Organization

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was discovered in December 2019 in China. This disease can cause clinical manifestations in the airway, lung and systemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) representative of China reported a pneumonia case with unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019. The cause was identified as a new type of coronavirus on January 7, 2020 with an estimated source of the virus from traditional markets (seafood market). ) Wuhan city

The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 748-752
Author(s):  
Swapnali Khabade ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document