scholarly journals Experimental Data-Mining Analyses Reveal New Roles of Low-Intensity Ultrasound in Differentiating Cell Death Regulatome in Cancer and Non-cancer Cells via Potential Modulation of Chromatin Long-Range Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwei Wang ◽  
Bin Lai ◽  
Gayani Nanayakkara ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound

scholarly journals A Description of Transverse Momentum Distributions in p+p Collisions at RHIC and LHC Energies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jia-Qi Hui ◽  
Zhi-Jin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Collective Motion ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Relativistic Hydrodynamics ◽  
Nonextensive Statistics ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Momentum Distributions

It has long been debated whether the hydrodynamics is suitable for the smaller colliding systems such as p+p collisions. In this paper, by assuming the existence of longitudinal collective motion and long-range interactions in the hot and dense matter created in p+p collisions, the relativistic hydrodynamics incorporating with the nonextensive statistics is used to analyze the transverse momentum distributions of the particles. The investigations of the present paper show that the hybrid model can give a good description of the currently available experimental data obtained in p+p collisions at RHIC and LHC energies, except for p and p¯ produced in the range of pT>3.0 GeV/c at s=200 GeV.

scholarly journals Low-intensity ultrasound enhances the anticancer activity of cetuximab in human head and neck cancer cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKASHI MASUI ◽  
ICHIRO OTA ◽  
MASATOSHI KANNO ◽  
KATSUNARI YANE ◽  
HIROSHI HOSOI
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound

scholarly journals The Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Insulators in the Genomes of Higher Eukaryotes

Acta Naturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
L. S. Melnikova ◽  
P. G. Georgiev ◽  
A. K. Golovnin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Topologically Associating Domains ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Chromosomal Architecture ◽  
Enhancer Blocking ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
Auxiliary Role

The mechanisms underlying long-range interactions between chromatin regions and the principles of chromosomal architecture formation are currently under extensive scrutiny. A special class of regulatory elements known as insulators is believed to be involved in the regulation of specific long-range interactions between enhancers and promoters. This review focuses on the insulators of Drosophila and mammals, and it also briefly characterizes the proteins responsible for their functional activity. It was initially believed that the main properties of insulators are blocking of enhancers and the formation of independent transcription domains. We present experimental data proving that the chromatin loops formed by insulators play only an auxiliary role in enhancer blocking. The review also discusses the mechanisms involved in the formation of topologically associating domains and their role in the formation of the chromosomal architecture and regulation of gene transcription.

scholarly journals Exposure to low intensity ultrasound removes paclitaxel cytotoxicity in breast and ovarian cancer cells

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Amaya ◽  
Shihua Luo ◽  
Julio Baigorri ◽  
Rogelio Baucells ◽  
Elizabeth R. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Microtubule Cytoskeleton ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Ultrasound Waves ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound

Abstract Background Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a microtubule-stabilizing drug used to treat several solid tumors, including ovarian, breast, non-small cell lung, and pancreatic cancers. The current treatment of ovarian cancer is chemotherapy using paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin as a frontline agent, and paclitaxel is also used in salvage treatment as a second line drug with a dose intensive regimen following recurrence. More recently, a dose dense approach for paclitaxel has been used to treat metastatic breast cancer with success. Paclitaxel binds to beta tubulin with high affinity and stabilizes microtubule bundles. As a consequence of targeting microtubules, paclitaxel kills cancer cells through inhibition of mitosis, causing mitotic catastrophes, and by additional, not yet well defined non-mitotic mechanism(s). Results In exploring methods to modulate activity of paclitaxel in causing cancer cell death, we unexpectedly found that a brief exposure of paclitaxel-treated cells in culture to low intensity ultrasound waves prevented the paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity and death of the cancer cells. The treatment with ultrasound shock waves was found to transiently disrupt the microtubule cytoskeleton and to eliminate paclitaxel-induced rigid microtubule bundles. When cellular microtubules were labelled with a fluorescent paclitaxel analog, exposure to ultrasound waves led to the disassembly of the labeled microtubules and localization of the signals to perinuclear compartments, which were determined to be lysosomes. Conclusions We suggest that ultrasound disrupts the paclitaxel-induced rigid microtubule cytoskeleton, generating paclitaxel bound fragments that undergo degradation. A new microtubule network forms from tubulins that are not bound by paclitaxel. Hence, ultrasound shock waves are able to abolish paclitaxel impact on microtubules. Thus, our results demonstrate that a brief exposure to low intensity ultrasound can reduce and/or eliminate cytotoxicity associated with paclitaxel treatment of cancer cells in cultures.

Activation of the intrinsic-apoptotic pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells by genistein- topotecan combination treatments

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Hörmann ◽  
Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani ◽  
James Kumi-Diaka ◽  
Appu Rathinavelu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Combination Treatments

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in American men. The development of alternative preventative and/or treatment options utilizing a combination of phytochemicals and chemotherapeutic drugs could be an attractive alternative compared to conventional carcinoma treatments. Genistein isoflavone is the primary dietary phytochemical found in soy and has demonstrated anti-tumor activities in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Topotecan Hydrochloride (Hycamtin) is an FDA-approved chemotherapy for secondary treatment of lung, ovarian and cervical cancers. The purpose of this study was to detail the potential activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells through genistein-topotecan combination treatments. Methods: LNCaP cells were cultured in complete RPMI medium in a monolayer (70-80% confluency) at 37ºC and 5% CO2. Treatment consisted of single and combination groups of genistein and topotecan for 24 hours. The treated cells were assayed for i) growth inhibition through trypan blue exclusion assay and microphotography, ii) classification of cellular death through acridine/ ethidium bromide fluorescent staining, and iii) activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through Jc-1: mitochondrial membrane potential assay, cytochrome c release and Bcl-2 protein expression.Results: The overall data indicated that genistein-topotecan combination was significantly more efficacious in reducing the prostate carcinoma’s viability compared to the single treatment options. In all treatment groups, cell death occurred primarily through the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.Conclusion: The combination of topotecan and genistein has the potential to lead to treatment options with equal therapeutic efficiency as traditional chemo- and radiation therapies, but lower cell cytotoxicity and fewer side effects in patients. Key words: topotecan; genistein; intrinsic apoptotic cell death

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