scholarly journals Ketone Monoester Supplementation Does Not Expedite the Recovery of Indices of Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Martin-Arrowsmith ◽  
Jamie Lov ◽  
Jiaying Dai ◽  
José A. Morais ◽  
Tyler A. Churchward-Venne
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Drop Jumps

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketone monoester supplement on indices of muscle damage during recovery after eccentric exercise.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, independent group design, 20 moderately active healthy young adults consumed 360 mg per kg−1 bodyweight of a ketone monoester (KET) or energy-matched carbohydrate (CON) supplement twice daily following eccentric exercise (drop jumps). Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) torque, counter-movement jump (CMJ) height, and muscle soreness were measured before (PRE), and immediately (POST), 24 h and 48 h post-exercise. Blood samples were collected for analysis of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), creatine kinase (CK), and select pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Results: Peak blood β-OHB concentration after supplement intake was greater (P < 0.001) in KET (4.4 ± 0.8 mM) vs. CON (0.4 ± 0.3 mM). Exercise increased CK concentration at 24 h and 48 h vs. PRE (time: P < 0.001) with no difference between KET and CON. Exercise reduced MIVC (KET: −19.9 ± 14.6; CON: −22.6 ± 11.1%) and CMJ (KET: −11.0 ± 7.5; CON: −13.0 ± 8.7%) at POST relative PRE; however, there was no difference between KET and CON on the recovery of MIVC at 24 h (KET: −15.4 ± 20.4; CON: −18.7 ± 20.1%) or 48 h (KET: −7.2 ± 21.2; CON: −11.8 ± 20.2%), or CMJ at 24 h (KET: −9.2 ± 11.5; CON: −13.4 ± 10.8) or 48 h (KET: −12.5 ± 12.4; CON: −9.1 ± 11.7). Muscle soreness was increased during post-exercise recovery (time: P < 0.001) with no differences between KET and CON. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was greater (group: P = 0.007) in CON (236 ± 11 pg/mL) vs. KET (187 ± 11 pg/mL).Conclusion: In conclusion, twice daily ingestion of a ketone monoester supplement that acutely elevates blood β-OHB concentration does not enhance the recovery of muscle performance or reduce muscle soreness following eccentric exercise in moderately active, healthy young adults.

scholarly journals No Effect of Tart Cherry Juice or Pomegranate Juice on Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Non-Resistance Trained Men

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstie L. Lamb ◽  
Mayur K. Ranchordas ◽  
Elizabeth Johnson ◽  
Jessica Denning ◽  
Faye Downing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Cherry Juice ◽  
Exercise Induced

Tart cherry juice (TC) and pomegranate juice (POM) have been demonstrated to reduce symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), but their effectiveness has not been compared. This randomized, double-blind, parallel study compared the effects of TC and POM on markers of EIMD. Thirty-six non-resistance trained men (age 24.0 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 22.0, 33.0) years, body mass index (BMI) 25.6 ± 4.0 kg·m−2) were randomly allocated to consume 2 × 250 mL of: TC, POM, or an energy-matched fruit-flavored placebo drink twice daily for nine days. On day 5, participants undertook eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors of their non-dominant arm. Pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h post-exercise, maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), creatine kinase (CK), and range of motion (ROM) were measured. The exercise protocol induced significant decreases in MIVC (p < 0.001; max decrease of 26.8%, 24 h post-exercise) and ROM (p = 0.001; max decrease of 6.8%, 72 h post-exercise) and significant increases in CK (p = 0.03; max increase 1385 U·L−1, 96 h post-exercise) and DOMS (p < 0.001; max increase of 26.9 mm, 48 h post-exercise). However, there were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups (main effect of group p > 0.05 or group x time interaction p > 0.05). These data suggest that in non-resistance trained men, neither TC nor POM enhance recovery from high-force eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.

scholarly journals Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Shoji ◽  
Ryoichi Ema ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Akihiro Kanda ◽  
Kosuke Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Group

The present study examined if the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers could be predicted by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque changes from immediately to 1 day after eccentric exercise. Twenty-eight young men performed 100 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. MVIC torque, potentiated doublet torque, voluntary activation (VA) during MVIC, shear modulus of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis and lateralis, and muscle soreness of these muscles were measured before, immediately after, and 1–3 days post-exercise. Based on the recovery rate of the MVIC torque from immediately to 1-day post-exercise, the participants were placed to a recovery group that showed an increase in the MVIC torque (11.3–79.9%, n = 15) or a no-recovery group that showed no recovery (−71.9 to 0%, n = 13). No significant difference in MVIC torque decrease immediately post-exercise was found between the recovery (−33 ± 12%) and no-recovery (−32 ± 9%) groups. At 1–3 days, changes in MVIC torque (−40 to −26% vs. −22 to −12%), potentiated doublet torque (−37 to −22% vs. −20 to −9%), and proximal RF shear modulus (29–34% vs. 8–15%) were greater (p &lt; 0.05) for the no-recovery than recovery group. No significant group differences were found for muscle soreness. The recovery rate of MVIC torque was correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with the change in MVIC torque from baseline to 2 (r = 0.624) or 3 days post-exercise (r = 0.526), or peak change in potentiated doublet torque at 1–3 days post-exercise from baseline (r = 0.691), but not correlated with the changes in other dependent variables. These results suggest that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicts changes in neuromuscular function but not muscle soreness and stiffness following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.

scholarly journals Low-Dose of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Alleviates Muscle Strength Loss and Limited Joint Flexibility Following Eccentric Contractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1768-1768
Author(s):  
Yosuke Tsuchiya ◽  
Hisashi Ueda ◽  
Eisuke Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Arm Circumference

Abstract Objectives The excessive exercise including eccentric contractions (ECCs) cause the reduction of maximal strength, limitation of range of motion (ROM), developed muscle soreness, and muscle swelling for several days from immediately after exercise. Therefore, it is important to promote the recovery of muscle damage and minimize decreases in muscle function and muscle soreness after exercise. We recently examined the effects of 2- and 4-week β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation (3 g/day) on ECCs-induced muscle damage. As the result, both the 2- and 4-week treatments decreased muscle strength reduction, ROM, and muscle swelling. However, the optimal dose of HMB required for decreasing muscle damage remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the supplemental effect of low-dose HMB on muscle damage after ECCs of human elbow flexor muscles. Methods Twenty untrained men (age, 21.0 ± 1.3 years) were completed the double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the ingestion of HMB supplement (HMB, n = 10) or placebo group (PL, n = 10). After the subjects of 1.5 g HMB or placebo pills per day for 2 weeks, they performed six sets of 10 ECCs at 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using dumbbell. Changes in MVC torque, ROM, upper arm circumference, and muscle soreness were assessed before, immediately after, 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after exercise. Results The MVC torque was significantly higher in the HMB than in the PL group immediately after (HMB, −56.8%; PL, −67.1%) as well as 3 (HMB: −25.5%, PL: −48.7%) and 5 (HMB: −22.5%, PL: −44.0%) days after performing ECCs (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the ROM was significantly higher in the HMB than in the PL group immediately after (HMB, −29.8%; PL, −50.5%) and 5 (HMB: −26.1%, PL: −43.3%) days after performing ECCs (p &lt; 0.05). However, no between-group differences were observed in upper arm circumference, and muscle soreness. Conclusions The results demonstrated that 1.5 g/day HMB significantly inhibits the reduction in muscle strength and ROM after ECCs. In addition, 1.5 g/day HMB has no effect on muscle soreness, swelling, or stiffness. We conclude that 1.5 g/day of HMB supplementation plays a role in preventing muscle damage after performing ECCs, even if the effects are limited. Funding Sources The present study was supported by a research funding by Kobayashi Perfumery Co., Ltd.

scholarly journals The Effect of Orally Dosed Levagen+™ (palmitoylethanolamide) on Exercise Recovery in Healthy Males—A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Mallard ◽  
David Briskey ◽  
Andrew Richards ◽  
Dean Mills ◽  
Amanda Rao
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Leg Press

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a cannabimimetic compound and lipid messenger, on recovery from muscle damaging exercise. Twenty-eight healthy young male participants attended the laboratory four times on subsequent days. In the first visit, baseline characteristics were recorded before participants were randomized to consume either liquid PEA (167.5 mg Levagen+ with 832.5 mg maltodextrin) or a matched placebo (1 g maltodextrin) drink. Leg press exercise consisted of four sets at 80% of one repetition maximum followed by a performance set. Muscle soreness, thigh circumference, blood lactate concentration, biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation, and transcription factor pathways were measured pre- and immediately post-exercise and again at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. The leg press exercise increased (p < 0.05) blood lactate concentration and induced muscle damage as evidenced by increased muscle soreness, thigh circumference, biomarkers of muscle damage, and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α. PEA reduced (p < 0.05) myoglobin and blood lactate concentrations and increased protein kinase B phosphorylation following exercise. Taken together, these results indicate PEA supplementation may aid in muscle recovery from repeat bouts of exercise performed within a short duration by reducing myoglobin and lactate concentration.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbohydrate Intake during Recovery from Eccentric Exercise on Interleukin-6 and Muscle-Damage Markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Miles ◽  
Sherri D. Pearson ◽  
Jan M. Andring ◽  
Jessy R. Kidd ◽  
Stella L. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
Glycogen Stores

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether carbohydrate supplementation during the frst 2 d post exercise recovery influenced the inflammation (IL-6, C-reactive protein [CRP], and cortisol) and muscle-damage responses. Eight participants performed a high-force eccentric elbow-fexion exercise to induce muscle soreness and inflammation and then consumed carbohydrate (0.25 g·kg−1·h−1) or an equal volume of placebo during hours 0–12 and 24–36 post exercise in a double-blind, crossover protocol. Muscle soreness; mid brachial arm circumference; blood glucose, IL-6, CRP, cortisol, and creatine-kinase (CK) activity; and maximal force production were measured pre exercise and 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 120 h post exercise. Plasma IL-6 increased, F(5) = 5.27, P < 0.05, 8 h post exercise, with no difference between carbohydrate and placebo conditions. Changes in muscle soreness, arm circumference, strength, and serum CK activity were consistent with small amounts of muscle damage and did not differ between conditions. The authors conclude that carbohydrate supplementation during recovery from soreness-inducing exercise does not influence the delayed IL-6 response temporally linked to inflammation or indications of muscle damage. Thus, increased carbohydrate consumption at levels consistent with recommendations for replenishing glycogen stores does not impair or promote the immune and muscle responses.

Short-Term β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation Does Not Reduce Symptoms of Eccentric Muscle Damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Paddon-Jones ◽  
Andrew Keech ◽  
David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Eccentric Muscle Damage

Purpose:We examined the effects of short-term β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on symptoms of muscle damage following an acute bout of eccentric exercise.Methods:Non-resistance trained subjects were randomly assigned to a HMB supplement group (HMB, 40mg/kg body weight/day, n = 8) or placebo group (CON, n = 9). Supplementation commenced 6 days prior to a bout of 24 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors and continued throughout post-testing. Muscle soreness, upper arm girth, and torque measures were assessed pre-exercise, 15 min post-exercise, and 1,2,3, 4,7, and 10 days post-exercise.Results:No pre-test differences between HMB and CON groups were identified, and both performed a similar amount of eccentric work during the main eccentric exercise bout (p > .05). HMB supplementation had no effect on swelling, muscle soreness, or torque following the damaging eccentric exercise bout (p > .05).Conclusion:Compared to a placebo condition, short-term supplementation with 40mg/kg body weight/day of HMB had no beneficial effect on a range of symptoms associated with eccentric muscle damage. If HMB can produce an ergogenic response, a longer pre-exercise supplementation period may be necessary.

scholarly journals The Effects of Spirulina Supplementation on Redox Status and Performance Following a Muscle Damaging Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3559
Author(s):  
Aggelos Pappas ◽  
Athanasios Tsiokanos ◽  
Ioannis Fatouros ◽  
Athanasios Poulios ◽  
Dimitris Kouretas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
And Performance

Spirulina plantensis is a popular supplement which has been shown to have antioxidant and performance enhancing properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spirulina supplementation on (a) redox status (b) muscle performance and (c) muscle damage following an eccentric bout of exercise that would induce muscle damage. Twenty-four healthy, recreationally trained males participated in the study and were randomly separated into two groups: a spirulina supplementation (6 g per day) and a placebo group. Both groups performed an eccentric bout of exercise consisting of 5 sets and 15 maximum reps per set. Blood was collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the bout and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyls (PC) were assessed in plasma. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was also assessed at the same aforementioned time points. Eccentric peak torque (EPT) was evaluated immediately after exercise, as well as at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post exercise. Redox status indices (TAC and PC) did not change significantly at any time point post exercise. DOMS increased significantly 24 h post exercise and remained elevated until 72 h and 96 h post exercise for the placebo and spirulina group, respectively. EPT decreased significantly and immediately post exercise and remained significantly lower compared to baseline until 72 h post exercise. No significant differences between groups were found for DOMS and EPT. These results indicate that spirulina supplementation following a muscle damaging protocol does not confer beneficial effects on redox status, muscle performance or damage.

scholarly journals Effects of Far‐Infrared Emitting Ceramic Material Clothing on Recovery After Maximal Eccentric Exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Renan Felipe Hartmann Nunes ◽  
Naiandra Dittrich ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Marília Cavalcante Serpa ◽  
Tiago Martins Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Delayed Onset

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether Far-Infrared Emitting Ceramic Materials worn as Bioceramic pants would improve neuromuscular performance, biochemical and perceptual markers in healthy individuals after maximal eccentric exercise. Twenty-two moderately active men were randomized into Bioceramic (n = 11) or Placebo (n = 11) groups. To induce muscle damage, three sets of 30 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the quadriceps were performed at 60°·s-1. Participants wore the bioceramic or placebo pants for 2 hours immediately following the protocol, and then again for 2 hours prior to each subsequent testing session at 24, 48 and 72 hours post. Plasma creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, delayed-onset muscle soreness, perceived recovery status, and maximal voluntary contraction were measured pre-exercise and 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-exercise. Eccentric exercise induced muscle damage as evident in significant increases in delayed-onset muscle soreness at 24 - 72 hours (p < 0.05) and creatine kinase between Pre to 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours (p < 0.05). Despite the increased delayed-onset muscle soreness and creatine kinase values, no effect of Bioceramic was evident (p > 0.05). Furthermore, decreases in maximal voluntary contraction between Pre and immediately, 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours post (p < 0.05) were reported. However, the standardized difference was moderate lower for lactate dehydrogenase at 24 h (ES = 0.50), but higher at 48 h (ES = -0.58) in the Bioceramic compared to the Placebo group. Despite inducing muscle damage, the daily use of Far-Infrared Emitting Ceramic Materials clothing over 72 hours did not facilitate recovery after maximal eccentric exercise.

scholarly journals Consumption of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract Improves Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Non-Resistance Trained Men and Women: A Double-Blind Randomised Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2875
Author(s):  
Julie E. A. Hunt ◽  
Mariana O. C. Coelho ◽  
Sean Buxton ◽  
Rachel Butcher ◽  
Daniel Foran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
New Zealand Blackcurrant ◽  
Exercise Induced

Background: Blackcurrant is rich in anthocyanins that may protect against exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and facilitate a faster recovery of muscle function. We examined the effects of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on indices of muscle damage and recovery following a bout of strenuous isokinetic resistance exercise. Methods: Using a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, parallel design, twenty-seven healthy participants received either a 3 g·day−1 NZBC extract (n = 14) or the placebo (PLA) (n = 13) for 8 days prior to and 4 days following 60 strenuous concentric and eccentric contractions of the biceps brachii muscle on an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle soreness (using a visual analogue scale), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), range of motion (ROM) and blood creatine kinase (CK) were assessed before (0 h) and after (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) exercise. Results: Consumption of NZBC extract resulted in faster recovery of baseline MVC (p = 0.04), attenuated muscle soreness at 24 h (NZBC: 21 ± 10 mm vs. PLA: 40 ± 23 mm, p = 0.02) and 48 h (NZBC: 22 ± 17 vs. PLA: 44 ± 26 mm, p = 0.03) and serum CK concentration at 96 h (NZBC: 635 ± 921 UL vs. PLA: 4021 ± 4319 UL, p = 0.04) following EIMD. Conclusions: Consumption of NZBC extract prior to and following a bout of eccentric exercise attenuates muscle damage and improves functional recovery. These findings are of practical importance in recreationally active and potentially athletic populations, who may benefit from accelerated recovery following EIMD.

scholarly journals Plasma Actin, Gelsolin and Orosomucoid Levels after Eccentric Exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Tékus ◽  
Márk Váczi ◽  
Zoltán Horváth-Szalai ◽  
Andrea Ludány ◽  
Tamás Kőszegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Physical Education Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract The present study investigated the acute effect of eccentric exercise on blood plasma actin, gelsolin (GSN) and orosomucoid (AGP) levels in untrained and moderately trained individuals, and their correlation with exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) markers (CK, intensity of muscle soreness and maximal voluntary contraction torque deficit). Healthy physical education students (6 untrained, 12 moderately trained) participated in this research. Actin, GSN, AGP and CK levels were measured in blood plasma at baseline, immediately, 1 h, 6 h and 24 h post-exercise comprising 90 eccentric quadriceps contractions performed on a dynamometer. There was significant time main effect for GSN, AGP, CK and significant difference was found between baseline and the lowest value of post-exercise GSN (p < 0.05), as well as baseline and the highest value of post-exercise AGP (p < 0.05). Relationships were found between GSN levels and other indirect EIMD markers (between all GSN levels at post-exercise and CK activity at 6 h, p < 0.05; GSNMIN and muscle soreness at post-exercise, p < 0.04), GSN and AGP; however, actin did not correlate at any time points with GSN. Actin, GSN, AGP and CK responses after eccentric exercise do not seem sensitive to training status. The plasma actin level is used as an indicator of injury, however, our results suggest that it is not an accurate marker of EIMD, while plasma GSN concentrations show a better relationship with EIMD and the post-exercise inflammatory process. The elevated plasma AGP and the correlation between GSN and AGP seem to be promising for assessment of exercise-induced muscle injury.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document