scholarly journals Analysis of Human Faecal Host Proteins: Responsiveness to 10-Week Dietary Intervention Modifying Dietary Protein Intake in Elderly Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Gathercole ◽  
Anita J. Grosvenor ◽  
Erin Lee ◽  
Ancy Thomas ◽  
Cameron J. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protein Classes

Faecal proteomics targeting biomarkers of immunity and inflammation have demonstrated clinical application for the identification of changes in gastrointestinal function. However, there are limited comprehensive analyses of the host faecal proteome and how it may be influenced by dietary factors. To examine this, the Homo sapiens post-diet proteome of older males was analysed at the completion of a 10-week dietary intervention, either meeting the minimum dietary protein recommendations (RDA; n = 9) or twice the recommended dietary allowance (2RDA, n = 10). The host faecal proteome differed markedly between individuals, with only a small subset of proteins present in ≥ 60% of subjects (14 and 44 proteins, RDA and 2RDA, respectively, with only 7 common to both groups). No differences were observed between the diet groups on the profiles of host faecal proteins. Faecal proteins were detected from a wide range of protein classes, with high inter-individual variation and absence of obvious impact in response to diets with markedly different protein intake. This suggests that well-matched whole food diets with two-fold variation in protein intake maintained for 10 weeks have minimal impact on human faecal host proteins.

scholarly journals Protein intake and lumbar bone density: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1384-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Hu ◽  
Nahid J. Rianon ◽  
Jennifer A. Nettleton ◽  
Joseph A. Hyder ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
White Women ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Dietary protein has been shown to increase urinary Ca excretion in randomised controlled trials, and diets high in protein may have detrimental effects on bone health; however, studies examining the relationship between dietary protein and bone health have conflicting results. In the present study, we examined the relationship between dietary protein (total, animal and vegetable protein) and lumbar spine trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) among participants enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n 1658). Protein intake was assessed using a FFQ obtained at baseline examination (2000–2). Lumbar spine vBMD was measured using quantitative computed tomography (2002–5), on average 3 years later. Multivariable linear and robust regression techniques were used to examine the associations between dietary protein and vBMD. Sex and race/ethnicity jointly modified the association of dietary protein with vBMD (P for interaction = 0·03). Among white women, higher vegetable protein intake was associated with higher vBMD (P for trend = 0·03), after adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, current smoking, educational level, hormone therapy use, menopause and additional dietary factors. There were no consistently significant associations for total and animal protein intakes among white women or other sex and racial/ethnic groups. In conclusion, data from the present large, multi-ethnic, population-based study suggest that a higher level of protein intake, when substituted for fat, is not associated with poor bone health. Differences in the relationship between protein source and race/ethnicity of study populations may in part explain the inconsistent findings reported previously.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary protein and glycaemic index on biomarkers of bone turnover in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 1253-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine-Mathilde Dalskov ◽  
Martha Müller ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Camilla T. Damsgaard ◽  
Angeliki Papadaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Dietary Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low Protein

For decades, it has been debated whether high protein intake compromises bone mineralisation, but no long-term randomised trial has investigated this in children. In the family-based, randomised controlled trial DiOGenes (Diet, Obesity and Genes), we examined the effects of dietary protein and glycaemic index (GI) on biomarkers of bone turnover and height in children aged 5–18 years. In two study centres, families with overweight parents were randomly assigned to one of five ad libitum-energy, low-fat (25–30 % energy (E%)) diets for 6 months: low protein/low GI; low protein/high GI; high protein/low GI; high protein/high GI; control. They received dietary instructions and were provided all foods for free. Children, who were eligible and willing to participate, were included in the study. In the present analyses, we included children with data on plasma osteocalcin or urinary N-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (U-NTx) from baseline and at least one later visit (month 1 or month 6) (n 191 in total, n 67 with data on osteocalcin and n 180 with data on U-NTx). The level of osteocalcin was lower (29·1 ng/ml) in the high-protein/high-GI dietary group than in the low-protein/high-GI dietary group after 6 months of intervention (95 % CI 2·2, 56·1 ng/ml, P= 0·034). The dietary intervention did not affect U-NTx (P= 0·96) or height (P= 0·80). Baseline levels of U-NTx and osteocalcin correlated with changes in height at month 6 across the dietary groups (P< 0·001 and P= 0·001, respectively). The present study does not show any effect of increased protein intake on height or bone resorption in children. However, the difference in the change in the level of osteocalcin between the high-protein/high-GI group and the low-protein/high-GI group warrants further investigation and should be confirmed in other studies.

scholarly journals Protein intake and blood pressure in cardiovascular disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Western Countries

Raised blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of CHD and the leading cause of stroke. Although BP rises with age in most populations, there are remote populations around the world where BP does not rise with age and where the high prevalence of high BP and frank hypertension seen in the UK and other Western countries in the older age-groups is not found. However, when such populations migrate to urban settings, their BPs rise, indicating that the population-wide BP problem is largely environmental in origin. Thus, a substantial body of evidence has accumulated on the importance of dietary factors in BP (Na and alcohol intakes (direct relationship) and K intake (inverse relationship)) as well as body weight (direct relationship). More recently, attention has shifted to other dietary factors that might affect BP. Data from studies of vegetarians (who tend to have lower BP than meat-eating populations) as well as clinical data on the adverse effects of protein intake in patients with renal insufficiency led to the view in Western countries that dietary (animal or total) protein had an adverse effect on BP. By contrast, studies in Japan and China suggested that dietary protein might be protective of high BP and stroke. Recent epidemiological studies have found inverse associations between dietary protein intake and BP, consistent with this view, and supported by some evidence from animal studies. Recent controlled clinical trials of soyabean supplementation have also suggested a BP-lowering effect of protein intake. Results of further large-scale epidemiological studies of protein and BP are awaited.

scholarly journals Dietary protein and bone health

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Ginty
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Usa

The effects of dietary protein on bone health are paradoxical and need to be considered in context of the age, health status and usual diet of the population. Over the last 80 years numerous studies have demonstrated that a high protein intake increases urinary Ca excretion and that on average 1 mg Ca is lost in urine for every 1 g rise in dietary protein. This relationship is primarily attributable to metabolism of S amino acids present in animal and some vegetable proteins, resulting in a greater acid load and buffering response by the skeleton. However, many of these early studies that demonstrated the calciuric effects of protein were limited by low subject numbers, methodological errors and the use of high doses of purified forms of protein. Furthermore, the cross-cultural and population studies that showed a positive association between animal-protein intake and hip fracture risk did not consider other lifestyle or dietary factors that may protect or increase the risk of fracture. The effects of protein on bone appear to be biphasic and may also depend on intake of Ca- and alkali-rich foods, such as fruit and vegetables. At low protein intakes insulin-like growth factor production is reduced, which in turn has a negative effect on Ca and phosphate metabolism, bone formation and muscle cell synthesis. Although growth and skeletal development is impaired at very low protein intakes, it is not known whether variations in protein quality affect the achievement of optimal peak bone mass in adolescents and young adults. Prospective studies in the elderly in the USA have shown that the greatest bone losses occur in elderly men and women with an average protein intake of 16–50 g/d. Although a low protein intake may be indicative of a generally poorer diet and state of health, there is a need to evaluate whether there is a lower threshold for protein intake in the elderly in Europe that may result in increased bone loss and risk of osteoporotic fracture.

scholarly journals Higher Dietary Protein Intake is Associated with Lower Body Fat in the Newfoundland Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMED.S4619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian K. Green ◽  
Jennifer L. Shea ◽  
Sudesh Vasdev ◽  
Edward Randell ◽  
Wayne Gulliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
General Population ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

Background Increased protein proportions in the diet combined with energy restriction has been shown to enhance weight loss during dietary intervention. It is not known if the beneficial effect of dietary protein exists in the general population under normal living conditions without a negative energy balance. Methods A total of 1834 participants (n = 443 men, n = 1391 women) were recruited from the CODING study. Participants' dietary macronutrient compositions were determined through a Willett FFQ. Body composition variables including percent body fat (%BF), percent trunk fat (%TF), percent total lean mass (%LM), and percent trunk lean mass (%TLM) were determined using DXA. Major confounding factors including age, physical activity levels, total caloric intake, carbohydrate intake, menopausal status, smoking status and medication use were controlled for in all analyses. Results Significant inverse relationships were observed between dietary protein intake (g/kg body weight/day) and weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, %BF, and %TF ( P ≤ 0.001). Significant positive relationships were observed with %LM and %TLM ( P ≤ 0.001). Additionally, significant differences in weight (12.7 kg in men, 11.4 kg in women), BMI (4.1 BMI units in men, 4.2 units in women), and %BF (7.6% in men, 6.0% in women) were observed between low and high dietary protein consuming groups ( P ≤ 0.001). Dietary protein explained 11% of the total variation in %BF in the NL population. Conclusion This study provides strong evidence that higher protein intake, even in the absence of energy restriction, is associated with a more favorable body composition in the general population.

scholarly journals Identification of host tRNAs preferentially recognized by the Plasmodium surface protein tRip

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (18) ◽  
pp. 10618-10629
Author(s):  
Marta Cela ◽  
Anne Théobald-Dietrich ◽  
Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion ◽  
Philippe Wolff ◽  
Renaud Geslain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract Malaria is a life-threatening and devastating parasitic disease. Our previous work showed that parasite development requires the import of exogenous transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which represents a novel and unique form of host–pathogen interaction, as well as a potentially druggable target. This import is mediated by tRip (tRNA import protein), a membrane protein located on the parasite surface. tRip displays an extracellular domain homologous to the well-characterized OB-fold tRNA-binding domain, a structural motif known to indiscriminately interact with tRNAs. We used MIST (Microarray Identification of Shifted tRNAs), a previously established in vitro approach, to systematically assess the specificity of complexes between native Homo sapiens tRNAs and recombinant Plasmodium falciparum tRip. We demonstrate that tRip unexpectedly binds to host tRNAs with a wide range of affinities, suggesting that only a small subset of human tRNAs is preferentially imported into the parasite. In particular, we show with in vitro transcribed constructs that tRip does not bind specific tRNAs solely based on their primary sequence, hinting that post-transcriptional modifications modulate the formation of our host/parasite molecular complex. Finally, we discuss the potential utilization of the most efficient tRip ligands for the translation of the parasite's genetic information.

Association between lean mass and dietary protein intake in postmenopausal women

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Povoroznyuk ◽  
Nataliia Dzerovych ◽  
Roksolana Povorooznyuk
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

Research on the Economic Organization Environmental Impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-601
Author(s):  
Dan Paul Stefanescu ◽  
Oana Roxana Chivu ◽  
Claudiu Babis ◽  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Alina Gligor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Harmful Effects

Any economic activity carried out by an organization, can generate a wide range of environmental implications. Particularly important, must be considered the activities that have a significant negative effect on the environment, meaning those which pollute. Being known the harmful effects of pollution on the human health, the paper presents two models of utmost importance, one of the material environment-economy interactions balance and the other of the material flows between environmental factors and socio-economic activities. The study of these models enable specific conditions that must be satisfied for the economic processes friendly coexist to the environment for long term, meaning to have a minimal impact in that the residues resulting from the economic activity of the organization to be as less harmful to the environment.

scholarly journals Effect of a Tailored Dietary Intervention with High or Standard Protein Intake on B-Vitamin and One Carbon Metabolism Status in Healthy Older Males: A 10 Week Randomised Controlled Trial

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Nicola Gillies ◽  
Amber M. Milan ◽  
Pankaja Sharma ◽  
Brenan Durainayagam ◽  
Sarah M. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Standard Protein ◽  
Older Males

Background: Maintaining optimal status of folate and metabolically [...]

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