scholarly journals Cortical Plasticity and Olfactory Function in Early Blindness

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Araneda ◽  
Laurent A. Renier ◽  
Philippe Rombaux ◽  
Isabel Cuevas ◽  
Anne G. De Volder
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Early Blindness

scholarly journals Cortical plasticity and preserved function in early blindness

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Renier ◽  
Anne G. De Volder ◽  
Josef P. Rauschecker
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Early Blindness

Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten M. Klingner ◽  
Stefan Brodoehl ◽  
Gerd F. Volk ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
Otto W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.

Induction of cortical plasticity by biphasic quadro-pulse stimulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Jung ◽  
B Gleich ◽  
N Gattinger ◽  
C Hoess ◽  
C Haug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Pulse Stimulation

Olfactory Function in Head Trauma Patients a Link to Frontal Brain Damage?

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Schriever ◽  
T. Hummel ◽  
K. Grosser ◽  
M. Smitka
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Frontal Brain

Intraoperative monitoring of olfactory function: a feasibility study

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1659-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Momjian ◽  
Rémi Tyrand ◽  
Basile N. Landis ◽  
Colette Boëx
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Chemical Senses ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Artifact Rejection ◽  
Rejection Criterion ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Anterior Fossa

OBJECTIVEIntraoperative neuromonitoring of the chemical senses (smell and taste) has never been performed. The objective of this study was to determine if olfactory-evoked potentials could be obtained intraoperatively under general anesthesia.METHODSA standard olfactometer was used in the surgical theater with hydrogen sulfide (4 ppm, 200 msec). Olfactory-evoked potentials were recorded in 8 patients who underwent neurosurgery for resection of cerebral lesions. These patients underwent routine target-controlled propofol and sufentanil general anesthesia. Frontal, temporal, and parietal scalp subdermal electrodes were recorded ipsilaterally and contralaterally at the site of the surgery. Evoked potentials were computed if at least 70 epochs (0.5–100 Hz) satisfying the artifact rejection criterion (threshold 45 μV) could be extracted from signals of electrodes.RESULTSContributive recordings were obtained for 5 of 8 patients (3 patients had fewer than 70 epochs with an amplitude < 45 μV). Olfactory-evoked potentials showed N1 responses (mean 442.8 ± 40.0 msec), most readily observed in the patient who underwent midline anterior fossa neurosurgery. No component of later latencies could be recorded consistently.CONCLUSIONSThe study confirms that olfactory-evoked potentials can be measured in response to olfactory stimuli under general anesthesia. This demonstrates the feasibility of recording olfactory function intraoperatively and opens the potential for neuromonitoring of olfactory function during neurosurgery.

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