scholarly journals Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and pattern separation in DG: a role for feedback inhibition in modulating sparseness to govern population-based coding

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen McAvoy ◽  
Antoine Besnard ◽  
Amar Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation

scholarly journals The orexigenic hormone acyl-ghrelin increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis and enhances pattern separation

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianne A. Kent ◽  
Amy L. Beynon ◽  
Amanda K.E. Hornsby ◽  
Pedro Bekinschtein ◽  
Timothy J. Bussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin

scholarly journals Energy Restriction Enhances Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-Associated Memory after Four Weeks in an Adult Human Population with Central Obesity; a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curie Kim ◽  
Ana Margarida Pinto ◽  
Claire Bordoli ◽  
Luke Patrick Buckner ◽  
Polly Charlotte Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cognitive Improvement

Adult neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons throughout life, occurs in the subventricular zone of the dentate gyrus in the human hippocampal formation. It has been shown in rodents that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is needed for pattern separation, the ability to differentially encode small changes derived from similar inputs, and recognition memory, as well as the ability to recognize previously encountered stimuli. Improved hippocampus-dependent cognition and cellular readouts of adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been reported in daily energy restricted and intermittent fasting adult mice. Evidence that nutrition can significantly affect brain structure and function is increasing substantially. This randomized intervention study investigated the effects of intermittent and continuous energy restriction on human hippocampal neurogenesis-related cognition, which has not been reported previously. Pattern separation and recognition memory were measured in 43 individuals with central obesity aged 35–75 years, before and after a four-week dietary intervention using the mnemonic similarity task. Both groups significantly improved pattern separation (P = 0.0005), but only the intermittent energy restriction group had a significant deterioration in recognition memory. There were no significant differences in cognitive improvement between the two diets. This is the first human study to investigate the association between energy restriction with neurogenesis-associated cognitive function. Energy restriction may enhance hippocampus-dependent memory and could benefit those in an ageing population with declining cognition. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02679989) on 11 February 2016.

Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Pattern Separation, and Generalization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen C. Klemenhagen ◽  
Franklin R. Schneier ◽  
Abby J. Fyer ◽  
H. Blair Simpson ◽  
René Hen
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

Almost one-third of adult Americans will have an anxiety disorder in their lifetime, with enormous personal, societal, and financial costs. Among the most disabling of these disorders are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Although there are evidence-based treatments for these disorders, as many as 50% of patients do not respond, and there is a considerable need for new therapies. This chapter proposes that the excessive generalization seen in patients with pathological anxiety is due to impaired hippocampal functioning, specifically a deficit in the neural process of pattern separation, which relies upon the dentate gyrus and is sensitive to neurogenesis. Preclinical findings indicate that stimulating DG neurogenesis improves pattern separation and reduces anxiety behaviors in mice. As a result the authors hypothesize that pharmacological or environmental manipulations aimed at stimulating neurogenesis will be beneficial for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Adult hippocampal neurogenesis shapes adaptation and improves stress response: a mechanistic and integrative perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Surget ◽  
C. Belzung
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Functional Involvement ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Stressful Experiences ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAdult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) represents a remarkable form of neuroplasticity that has increasingly been linked to the stress response in recent years. However, the hippocampus does not itself support the expression of the different dimensions of the stress response. Moreover, the main hippocampal functions are essentially preserved under AHN depletion and adult-born immature neurons (abGNs) have no extrahippocampal projections, which questions the mechanisms by which abGNs influence functions supported by brain areas far from the hippocampus. Within this framework, we propose that through its computational influences AHN is pivotal in shaping adaption to environmental demands, underlying its role in stress response. The hippocampus with its high input convergence and output divergence represents a computational hub, ideally positioned in the brain (1) to detect cues and contexts linked to past, current and predicted stressful experiences, and (2) to supervise the expression of the stress response at the cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physiological levels. AHN appears to bias hippocampal computations toward enhanced conjunctive encoding and pattern separation, promoting contextual discrimination and cognitive flexibility, reducing proactive interference and generalization of stressful experiences to safe contexts. These effects result in gating downstream brain areas with more accurate and contextualized information, enabling the different dimensions of the stress response to be more appropriately set with specific contexts. Here, we first provide an integrative perspective of the functional involvement of AHN in the hippocampus and a phenomenological overview of the stress response. We then examine the mechanistic underpinning of the role of AHN in the stress response and describe its potential implications in the different dimensions accompanying this response.

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