scholarly journals Individual differences in response to positive and negative stimuli: endocannabinoid-based insight on approach and avoidance behaviors

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Laricchiuta ◽  
Laura Petrosini
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Performing Lateralized Approach and Avoidance Behaviors: Effects on Perceptual, Affective and Confidence Judgments

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Dru ◽  
Joël Cretenet
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Confidence Judgments ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Stimulus Valence ◽  
Negative Stimuli

AbstractIn recent work, we showed that the judgment of affective stimuli is influenced by the degree of congruence between apparently innate hemispheric dispositions (left hemisphere positive and approach, right hemisphere negative and avoidance), and the type of movement produced by the contralateral arm (flexion-approach; extension-avoidance). Incongruent movements (e.g., right arm extension) were associated with attenuation of affective valuations. In the present study, we replicated these results. We also assessed confidence in judgments as a function of stimulus valence and congruence and determined that confidence is maximal with congruent movements and highly positive or negative stimuli, suggesting that congruence effects on affective valuation could be mediated by confidence effects. However, in a second experiment, involving judgments regarding segmented lines, congruence effects were observed only for bisected lines, for which confidence was lowest. Thus, confidence does not provide a unifying explanation for congruence effects in the performance of these two tasks. (JINS, 2011, 17, 289–294)

Learning Where to Look for Danger: Integrating Affective and Spatial Information

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Elizabeth Crawford ◽  
John T. Cacioppo
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Activation Functions ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Affective Information ◽  
Do So

Although not previously addressed by researchers of spatial cognition or affect, the combination of spatial and affective information is essential for many approach and avoidance behaviors, and thus for survival. We provide the first evidence that through incidental experience, people form representations that capture correlations between affective and spatial information. Participants were able to do so even when the correlation was weak, they were not told to look for the correlation, and the stimuli varied on multiple other dimensions besides valence. In addition, people were more sensitive to the presented correlation when stimuli were negative than when they were positive. This asymmetry in representation may stem from underlying differences in the activation functions for positive and negative hedonic information processing.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Approach and Avoidance Inclinations Moderate the Effect of Self-Control Depletion on Ad-Lib Drinking

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2480-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Schlauch ◽  
Rita L. Christensen ◽  
Jaye L. Derrick ◽  
Cory A. Crane ◽  
R. Lorraine Collins
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Approach And Avoidance

The Factor Structure and Validity of the Learning Styles Profiler (LSP)

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. O’Connor ◽  
Chris J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Approach And Avoidance

The Learning Styles Profiler (LSP; Jackson, 2002 ) is a modern measure of individual differences in learning style. The LSP is based on a neuropsychological model of learning, modeled on principles of approach and avoidance, and argues for the division of personality into temperament and character. There has been little research into the psychometric structure and predictive validity of this instrument. In Study 1, the factor structure of the LSP is examined, and in Study 2 the criterion-related validity of the LSP is assessed. Results support the proposed factor structure of the LSP and show that 3 of the 4 LSP scales are significant predictors of Job Performance.

Factors Predicting Youth Anxiety Severity: Preliminary Support for a Standardized Behavioral Assessment of Parental and Youth Avoidance Behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie M. Kuckertz ◽  
Arturo R. Carmona ◽  
Susanna Chang ◽  
John Piacentini ◽  
Nader Amir
Keyword(s):  
Poor Response ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Youth Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Tendencies ◽  
Related Approach ◽  
Anxious Youth

Anxiety severity in youth is associated with a host of negative outcomes including poor response to treatment. Thus, a better understanding of factors that contribute to anxiety severity is needed. Such factors may include parental anxiety as well as anxiety-related approach and avoidance behaviors in both children and parents. In this study, we examined automatic behavioral tendencies as a method of quantifying anxiety-related approach and avoidance behaviors in children and their parents. Clinically anxious youth (N = 19) with mixed anxiety diagnoses and their parents completed an approach-avoidance task (AAT) comprising different emotional expressions. Our results suggest that in addition to parent report of youth anxiety, both youth and parent automatic avoidance biases predict clinician-rated youth anxiety severity accounting for 62% of the variance in clinician-rated youth anxiety. These results suggest that the AAT may be a useful measure of automatic behavioral tendencies in clinically anxious youth and their parents and that these factors may be relevant to youth anxiety severity.

scholarly journals Some Compliments (and Insults) Are More Heartfelt

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Erik M. Benau ◽  
Ruth Ann Atchley
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Bodily States ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Cardiac Awareness ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Abstract. Previous research suggests that individuals with increased awareness of internal bodily states (i.e., high interoceptive awareness) are more sensitive to emotional stimuli, particularly stimuli that are negative or threatening. Concurrently, there is increasing evidence that words that are more body-referent (e.g., bonehead) are processed faster, perceived more accurately, and generate larger neuroelectrical signals than those that are less body-referent (e.g., idiot). The present study examined individual differences in interoceptive awareness (IA) to these more embodied words. While electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded, participants passively viewed insults, compliments, and neutral stimuli, half of which were more embodied (e.g., bonehead, beautiful) and half of which were less embodied (e.g., idiot, friendly). Results showed that the high perceivers generated a larger P2 to embodied compliments than less embodied compliments while average perceivers generated a larger P2 to embodied insults than to less embodied insults. The results provide preliminary evidence that good cardiac awareness is not only associated with increased sensitivity to negative stimuli, but to stimuli pertaining to the body itself.

scholarly journals A neural circuit for competing approach and avoidance underlying prey capture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rossier ◽  
Violetta La Franca ◽  
Taddeo Salemi ◽  
Cornelius T. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Periaqueductal Grey ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Avoidance Responses

AbstractPredators must frequently balance competing approach and avoidance behaviors elicited by a moving and potentially dangerous prey. Several brain circuits supporting predation have recently been localized. However, the mechanisms by which these circuits balance the conflict between approach and avoidance responses remain unknown. Laboratory mice initially show alternating approach and avoidance responses toward cockroaches, a natural prey, but with repeated exposure become avid hunters. Here we used in vivo neural activity recording and cell-type specific manipulations in hunting mice to identify neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and periaqueductal grey that encode and control predatory approach and avoidance. We found a subset of GABAergic neurons in lateral hypothalamus that specifically encoded hunting behaviors and whose stimulation triggered predation, but not feeding. This population projects to the periaqueductal grey and stimulation of these projections promoted predation. Neurons in periaqueductal grey encoded both approach and avoidance behaviors, but only initially when the mouse showed high levels of fear of the prey. Our findings allow us to propose that GABAergic neurons in lateral hypothalamus facilitate predation in part by suppressing defensive responses to prey encoded in the periaqueductal grey. Our findings reveal a neural circuit mechanism for controlling the balance between conflicting approach and avoidance behaviors elicited by the same stimulus.

scholarly journals A virtual burrow assay for head–fixed mice measures habituation, discrimination, exploration and avoidance without training

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew JP Fink ◽  
Richard Axel ◽  
Carl E Schoonover
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors

We have designed an assay that measures approach and avoidance behaviors in head-fixed mice at millisecond timescale, is compatible with standard electrophysiological and optical methods for measuring neuronal activity, and requires no training. The Virtual Burrow Assay simulates a scenario in which a mouse, poised at the threshold of its burrow, evaluates whether to exit the enclosure or to retreat inside. The assay provides a sensitive readout of habituation, discrimination and exploration, as well as avoidance of both conditioned and innately aversive cues.

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