scholarly journals Reduced Volume of the Arcuate Fasciculus in Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Moseley ◽  
Marta M. Correia ◽  
Simon Baron-Cohen ◽  
Yury Shtyrov ◽  
Friedemann Pulvermüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Arcuate Fasciculus ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Reduced Volume

scholarly journals Intact priors for gaze direction in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Pell ◽  
Isabelle Mareschal ◽  
Andrew J. Calder ◽  
Elisabeth A. H. von dem Hagen ◽  
Colin W.G. Clifford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
High Functioning

scholarly journals Autism in girls and the pre-referral environment

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S278-S279
Author(s):  
Peter Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Male Condition ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Learning Points

AimsThis literature review sought to identify and highlight any sex specific factors in the diagnosis of autism spectrum conditions during the pre-referral period which might affect diagnosis rates in ASD in girls. The null hypothesis was that there are no sex specific factors that affect referral and diagnosis of ASD in girls.BackgroundHistorically, boys are diagnosed with ASD more than girls but rates vary depending on clinical population characteristics. Diagnosis trends continue to demonstrate a large male excess. The concept of autism as a predominantly male condition has been challenged and there is increased focus on females with high functioning autism who are not being detected as easily.Various theories exist as to why this is the case.There are high rates of suicidality in ASD and risk of death by suicide is higher in ASD women (the reciprocal of the suicide rates in general population where more men complete suicide). Women with high functioning autism represent an at risk group. Undetected autism in females may be complicated by ‘camouflaging’ or masking of symptoms which puts a large strain on individuals functioning and mental health. Costs to society and the individual are large.However, early identification and intervention improves outcomes such as activities of daily living and social behaviours.MethodAn electronic literature search was completed using MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE in November 2018. Key terms were: (‘child*’ OR ‘adolescent’ OR ‘young pe*’) AND (‘ASD’ OR ‘autism’ OR ‘asperger*’ OR ‘high functioning*’ OR ‘PDD’ OR ‘Pervasive developmental*’) AND (‘girl*’ OR ‘sex’ OR ‘gender’). Papers were excluded on a number of grounds.Result11 papers were included in the review from an initial 2823 abstracts.ConclusionA number of papers highlighted important learning points. Some of the more original conclusions included that we require more studies comparing populations of girls with ASD to high risk, high functioning girls and female controls to clarify features particular to the ‘female phenotype’. Delays in diagnosis in girls appears to pre-date assessment so further thought on how to educate and support referral sources (caregivers and schools) on how to identify girls with autism is recommended and would be informed by further research focus on the previous point. Active case ascertainment should be considered in future research and follow-up of girls who do not receive a diagnosis at initial assessment were additional learning points that came from the review.

scholarly journals A Behavioral Comparison of Male and Female Adults with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e20835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Chuan Lai ◽  
Michael V. Lombardo ◽  
Greg Pasco ◽  
Amber N. V. Ruigrok ◽  
Sally J. Wheelwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
High Functioning

Social Communication and Structural Language of Girls With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1155
Author(s):  
Jenny M. Burton ◽  
Nancy A. Creaghead ◽  
Noah Silbert ◽  
Allison Breit-Smith ◽  
Amie W. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Expressive Communication ◽  
Vineland Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Structural Language

Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize social communication and structural language of school-age girls with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) compared to a matched group of girls who are typically developing (TD). Method Participants were 37 girls between 7;5 and 15;2 (years;months)—18 HF-ASD and 19 TD. Children completed the Test of Pragmatic Language–Second Edition (TOPL-2) and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fifth Edition. Parents completed the Children's Communication Checklist–2 United States Edition (CCC-2) and Receptive and Expressive Communication subdomains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Second Edition. Results In the area of social communication, girls with HF-ASD earned significantly lower scores and were more often classified as having an impairment on the TOPL-2 and the CCC-2. However, 28% and 33% earned average scores on the TOPL-2 and the CCC-2, respectively. In the area of structural language, no significant differences were found between groups on Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fifth Edition indexes. In contrast, girls with HF-ASD earned significantly lower scores and were more often classified as having an impairment on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Second Edition. Sixty-one percent and 83% scored below average on the Receptive and Expressive Communication subdomains, respectively. Conclusions It has been argued that girls with HF-ASD, when compared to boys with HF-ASD, may have advantages for social communication and structural language that mask their impairments. However, when compared to girls who are TD, girls with HF-ASD demonstrated impaired social communication and structural language. Clinicians should include and carefully examine multiple sources of information when assessing girls with HF-ASD.

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