scholarly journals Enhanced Neuroactivation during Working Memory Task in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Hormone Therapy: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Huang ◽  
Yingping Han ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yuhan Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Memory Task

scholarly journals Meta-analytic evidence for downregulation of the amygdala during working memory maintenance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lycia D. de Voogd ◽  
Erno J. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion

The amygdala is a region critically implicated in affective processes. Downregulation of the amygdala is therefore one of the hallmarks of successful emotion regulation. Downregulation is thought to be established through top-down control of the executive control network over the amygdala. Such a reciprocal relationship, however, is not exclusive to cognitive regulation of emotion. It has recently been noted that any cognitively demanding task may downregulate the amygdala, including a standard working memory task. Here, using a coordinate-based meta-analysis based on an activation likelihood estimation (ALE), we examined whether a standard working memory task (i.e., a 2-back task) downregulates the amygdala similarly to a cognitive reappraisal task. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we included a total of 66 studies using a 2-back working memory task and 65 studies using a cognitive reappraisal task. We found that a standard 2-back working memory task indeed systematically downregulates the amygdala, and that deactivated clusters strongly overlap with those observed during a cognitive reappraisal task. This finding has important consequences for the interpretation of the underlying mechanism of the effects of cognitive reappraisal on amygdala activity: downregulation of amygdala during cognitive reappraisal might be due to the cognitively demanding nature of the task and not per se by the act of the reappraisal itself. Moreover, it raises the possibility of applying working memory tasks in a clinical setting as an alternative emotion regulation strategy.

Bayesian Meta-analysis of Hormone Therapy and Mortality in Younger Postmenopausal Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley R. Salpeter ◽  
Ji Cheng ◽  
Lehana Thabane ◽  
Nicholas S. Buckley ◽  
Edwin E. Salpeter
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and children’s working memory abilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260788
Author(s):  
Kate E. Mooney ◽  
Stephanie L. Prady ◽  
Mary M. Barker ◽  
Kate E. Pickett ◽  
Amanda H. Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Harvest Plot

Background and objective Working memory is an essential cognitive skill for storing and processing limited amounts of information over short time periods. Researchers disagree about the extent to which socioeconomic position affects children’s working memory, yet no study has systematically synthesised the literature regarding this topic. The current review therefore aimed to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic position and working memory in children, regarding both the magnitude and the variability of the association. Methods The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO and the PRISMA checklist was followed. Embase, Psycinfo and MEDLINE were comprehensively searched via Ovid from database inception until 3rd June 2021. Studies were screened by two reviewers at all stages. Studies were eligible if they included typically developing children aged 0–18 years old, with a quantitative association reported between any indicator of socioeconomic position and children’s working memory task performance. Studies were synthesised using two data-synthesis methods: random effects meta-analyses and a Harvest plot. Key findings The systematic review included 64 eligible studies with 37,737 individual children (aged 2 months to 18 years). Meta-analyses of 36 of these studies indicated that socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with significantly lower scores working memory measures; a finding that held across different working memory tasks, including those that predominantly tap into storage (d = 0.45; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.62) as well as those that require processing of information (d = 0.52; 0.31 to 0.72). A Harvest plot of 28 studies ineligible for meta-analyses further confirmed these findings. Finally, meta-regression analyses revealed that the association between socioeconomic position and working memory was not moderated by task modality, risk of bias, socioeconomic indicator, mean age in years, or the type of effect size. Conclusion This is the first systematic review to investigate the association between socioeconomic position and working memory in children. Socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with lower working memory ability in children, and that this association was similar across different working memory tasks. Given the strong association between working memory, learning, and academic attainment, there is a clear need to share these findings with practitioners working with children, and investigate ways to support children with difficulties in working memory.

scholarly journals Comparable Sensitivity of Postmenopausal and Young Women to the Effects of Intranasal Insulin on Food Intake and Working Memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-777
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Krug ◽  
Christian Benedict ◽  
Jan Born ◽  
Manfred Hallschmid
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Intranasal Insulin ◽  
Double Blind

ABSTRACT Context We have previously shown that enhancing brain insulin signaling by intranasal administration of a single dose of the hormone acutely reduces food intake in young men but not women, whereas its improving effects on spatial and working memory are restricted to young women. Objective Against the background of animal studies suggesting that low estrogen concentrations are a prerequisite for the anorexigenic impact of central nervous insulin, we extended our foregoing study by assessing intranasal insulin effects in postmenopausal women with comparatively low estrogen concentrations, expecting them to be more sensitive than young women to the anorexigenic effects of the hormone. Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention In a within-subject, double-blind comparison performed at the University of Lübeck, 14 healthy postmenopausal women (body mass index, 23.71 ± 0.6 kg/m2; age, 57.61 ± 1.14 yr) were intranasally administered 160 IU regular human insulin or vehicle. Main Outcome Measures Subjects performed a working memory task (digit span) and a hippocampus-dependent visuospatial memory task. Subsequently, free-choice food intake from an ad libitum breakfast buffet was measured. Results Contrary to expectations, results in postmenopausal women mirrored those found in young women (22.44 ± 0.63 yr), i.e. insulin administration did not affect food intake (P > 0.46), but did enhance performance in the prefrontal cortex-dependent working memory task (P < 0.05). Conclusions Low estrogen levels as present in postmenopausal women do not modulate the effects of intranasal insulin in females, suggesting that in humans as opposed to rats, estrogen signaling does not critically alter central nervous system sensitivity to the effects of insulin on energy homeostasis and cognition.

Comparable Sensitivity of Postmenopausal and Young Women to the Effects of Intranasal Insulin on Food Intake and Working Memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. E468-E472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Krug ◽  
Christian Benedict ◽  
Jan Born ◽  
Manfred Hallschmid
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Intranasal Insulin ◽  
Double Blind

Context: We have previously shown that enhancing brain insulin signaling by intranasal administration of a single dose of the hormone acutely reduces food intake in young men but not women, whereas its improving effects on spatial and working memory are restricted to young women. Objective: Against the background of animal studies suggesting that low estrogen concentrations are a prerequisite for the anorexigenic impact of central nervous insulin, we extended our foregoing study by assessing intranasal insulin effects in postmenopausal women with comparatively low estrogen concentrations, expecting them to be more sensitive than young women to the anorexigenic effects of the hormone. Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention: In a within-subject, double-blind comparison performed at the University of Lübeck, 14 healthy postmenopausal women (body mass index, 23.71 ± 0.6 kg/m2; age, 57.61 ± 1.14 yr) were intranasally administered 160 IU regular human insulin or vehicle. Main Outcome Measures: Subjects performed a working memory task (digit span) and a hippocampus-dependent visuospatial memory task. Subsequently, free-choice food intake from an ad libitum breakfast buffet was measured. Results: Contrary to expectations, results in postmenopausal women mirrored those found in young women (22.44 ± 0.63 yr), i.e. insulin administration did not affect food intake (P > 0.46), but did enhance performance in the prefrontal cortex-dependent working memory task (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Low estrogen levels as present in postmenopausal women do not modulate the effects of intranasal insulin in females, suggesting that in humans as opposed to rats, estrogen signaling does not critically alter central nervous system sensitivity to the effects of insulin on energy homeostasis and cognition.

N -back Working Memory Task: Meta-analysis of Normative fMRI Studies With Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2010-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Yaple ◽  
Marie Arsalidou
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Memory Task
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