scholarly journals Estimating feedforward vs. feedback control of speech production through kinematic analyses of unperturbed articulatory movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang S. Kim ◽  
Ludo Max
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
Kinematic Analyses

A cross-language study on feedforward and feedback control of voice intensity in Chinese–English bilinguals

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-795
Author(s):  
Xiao Cai ◽  
Yulong Yin ◽  
Qingfang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
Masking Noise ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Relative Weighting ◽  
L2 Speech Production

AbstractSpeech production requires the combined efforts of feedforward and feedback control, but it remains unclear whether the relative weighting of feedforward and feedback control is organized differently between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2). In the present study, a group of Chinese–English bilinguals named pictures in their L1 and L2, while being exposed to multitalker noise. Experiment 1 compared feedforward control between L1 and L2 speech production by examining intensity increases in response to a masking noise (90 dB SPL). Experiment 2 compared feedback control between L1 and L2 speech production by examining intensity increases in response to a weak (30 dB SPL) or strong noise (60 dB SPL). We also examined a potential relationship between L2 fluency and the relative weighting of feedforward and feedback systems. The results indicated that L2 speech production relies less on feedforward control relative to L1, exhibiting attenuated Lombard effects to the masking noise. In contrast, L2 speech production relies more on feedback control than L1, producing larger Lombard effects to the weak and strong noise. The relative weighting of feedforward and feedback control is dynamically changed as second language learning progresses.

scholarly journals Reality Monitoring and Feedback Control of Speech Production Are Related Through Self-Agency

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Subramaniam ◽  
Hardik Kothare ◽  
Danielle Mizuiri ◽  
Srikantan S. Nagarajan ◽  
John F. Houde
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Reality Monitoring

Articulation and Stress/Juncture Production Under Oral Anesthetization and Masking

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia A. Gammon ◽  
Philip J. Smith ◽  
Raymond G. Daniloff ◽  
Chin W. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Noise Masking ◽  
High Degree

Eight subjects, half of them naive and the other half aware of the purpose of the experiment, spoke 30 pairs of sentences involving the production of intricate stress/juncture patterns along with a passage containing all major consonant phonemes in English in various intraword positions. All subjects spoke all materials under: (1) normal conditions, (2) 110 dB re: 0.0002 ubar white noise masking, (3) extensive local anesthesia of the oral cavity, and (4) masking and anesthesia combined. Stress and juncture patterns were correctly produced despite all feedback disruption, and there was no difference between naive and aware subjects. Noise masking produced a decline in speech quality and a disruption of normal rhythm, both of which were even more seriously affected by anesthesia and anesthesia plus masking. There were no significant vowel misarticulations under any condition, but there was nearly a 20% rate of consonant misartiqulation under anesthesia and anesthesia and noise. Mis-articulation was most severe for fricatives and affricates in the labial and alveolar regions, presumably because these productions demand a high degree of precision of articulate shape and location and hence, intact feedback. Results are discussed in terms of feedback-control mechanisms for speech production.

scholarly journals Differential effects of cerebellar degeneration on feedforward versus feedback control across speech and reaching movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Parrell ◽  
Hyosub Kim ◽  
Assaf Breska ◽  
Arohi Saxena ◽  
Rich Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Online Corrections

AbstractErrors that result from a mismatch between predicted movement outcomes and sensory afference are used to correct ongoing movements through feedback control and to adapt feedforward control of future movements. The cerebellum has been identified as a critical part of the neural circuit underlying implicit adaptation across a wide variety of movements (reaching, gait, eye movements, and speech). The contribution of this structure to feedback control is less well understood: although it has recently been shown in the speech domain that individuals with cerebellar degeneration produce even larger online corrections for sensory perturbations than control participants, similar behavior has not been observed in other motor domains. Currently, comparisons across domains are limited by different population samples and potential ceiling effects in existing tasks. To assess the relationship between changes in feedforward and feedback control associated with cerebellar degeneration across motor domains, we evaluated adaptive (feedforward) and compensatory (feedback) responses to sensory perturbations in reaching and speech production in individuals with cerebellar degeneration and neurobiologically healthy controls. As expected, the cerebellar group demonstrated impaired adaptation in both reaching and speech. In contrast, the groups did not differ in their compensatory response in either domain. Moreover, compensatory and adaptive responses in the cerebellar group were not correlated within or across motor domains. Together, these results point to a general impairment in feedforward control with spared feedback control in cerebellar degeneration. However, the magnitude of feedforward impairments and potential changes in feedback-based control manifest in a domain-specific manner across individuals.Significance StatementThe cerebellum contributes to feedforward updating of movement in response to sensory errors, but its role in feedback control is less understood. Here, we tested individuals with cerebellar degeneration (CD), using sensory perturbations to assess adaptation of feedforward control and feedback gains during reaching and speech production tasks. The results confirmed that CD leads to reduced adaption in both domains. However, feedback gains were unaffected by CD in either domain. Interestingly, measures of feedforward and feedback control were not correlated across individuals within or across motor domains. Together, these results indicate a general impairment in feedforward control with spared feedback control in CD. However, the magnitude of feedforward impairments manifests in a domain-specific manner across individuals.

scholarly journals Microstate ERP Analyses to Pinpoint the Articulatory Onset in Speech Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Lise Jouen ◽  
Monica Lancheros ◽  
Marina Laganaro
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Methodological Issue ◽  
Acoustic Response ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Response Onset ◽  
Overt Speech

Abstract The use of electroencephalography (EEG) to study overt speech production has increased substantially in the past 15 years and the alignment of evoked potential (ERPs) on the response onset has become an extremely useful method to target “latest” stages of speech production. Yet, response-locked ERPs raise a methodological issue: on which event should the point of alignment be placed? Response-locked ERPs are usually aligned to the vocal (acoustic) onset, although it is well known that articulatory movements may start up to a hundred milliseconds prior to the acoustic onset and that this “articulatory onset to acoustic onset interval” (AAI) depends on the phoneme properties. Given the previously reported difficulties to measure the AAI, the purpose of this study was to determine if the AAI could be reliably detected with EEG-microstates. High-density EEG was recorded during delayed speech production of monosyllabic pseudowords with four different onset consonants. Whereas the acoustic response onsets varied depending on the onset consonant, the response-locked spatiotemporal EEG analysis revealed a clear asynchrony of the same sequence of microstates across onset consonants. A specific microstate, the latest observed in the ERPs locked to the vocal onset, presented longer duration for phonemes with longer acoustic response onsets. Converging evidences seemed to confirm that this microstate may be related to the articulatory onset of motor execution: its scalp topography corresponded to those previously associated with muscle activity and source localization highlighted the involvement of motor areas. Finally, the analyses on the duration of such microstate in single trials further fit with the AAI intervals for specific phonemes reported in previous studies. These results thus suggest that a particular ERP-microstate is a reliable index of articulation onset and of the AAI.

scholarly journals Cortical network underlying speech production during delayed auditory feedback

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muge Ozker ◽  
Werner Doyle ◽  
Orrin Devinsky ◽  
Adeen Flinker
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Auditory Feedback Control

AbstractAccurate and fluent production of speech strongly depends on hearing oneself which allows for the detection and correction of vocalization errors in real-time. When auditory feedback is disrupted with a time delay (e.g. echo on a conference call), it causes slowed and stutter-like speech in humans. Impaired speech motor control during delayed auditory feedback is implicated in various neurological disorders ranging from stuttering to aphasia, however the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated auditory feedback control in human speech by obtaining electrocorticographic recordings from neurosurgical subjects performing a delayed auditory feedback (DAF) task. We observed a significant increase in neural activity in auditory sites that scaled with the duration of feedback delay and correlated with response suppression during normal speech, providing direct evidence for a shared mechanism between sensitivity to altered feedback and speech-induced auditory suppression in humans. Furthermore, we find that when subjects robustly slowed down their speech rate to compensate for the delay, the dorsal division of the precentral gyrus was preferentially recruited to support articulation during an early time frame. This recruitment was accompanied by response enhancement across a large speech network commencing in temporal cortex and then engaging frontal and parietal sites. Our results highlight the critical components of the human speech network that support auditory feedback control of speech production and the temporal evolution of their recruitment.

Online Control of Voice Intensity in Late Bilinguals' First and Second Language Speech Production: Evidence From Unexpected and Brief Noise Masking

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Xiao Cai ◽  
Yulong Yin ◽  
Qingfang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Weak Noise ◽  
Auditory Acuity ◽  
Auditory Feedback Control ◽  
Relative Weighting ◽  
Late Bilinguals

Purpose Speech production requires the combined efforts of feedforward control and feedback control subsystems. The primary purpose of this study is to explore whether the relative weighting of auditory feedback control is different between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2) production for late bilinguals. The authors also make an exploratory investigation into how bilinguals' speech fluency and speech perception relate to their auditory feedback control. Method Twenty Chinese–English bilinguals named Chinese or English bisyllabic words, while being exposed to 30- or 60-dB unexpected brief masking noise. Variables of language (L1 or L2) and noise condition (quiet, weak noise, or strong noise) were manipulated in the experiment. L1 and L2 speech fluency tests and an L2 perception test were also included to measure bilinguals' speech fluency and auditory acuity. Results Peak intensity analyses indicated that the intensity increases in the weak noise and strong noise conditions were larger in L2-English than L1-Chinese production. Intensity contour analysis showed that the intensity increases in both languages had an onset around 80–140 ms, a peak around 220–250 ms, and persisted till 400 ms post vocalization onset. Correlation analyses also revealed that poorer speech fluency or L2 auditory acuity was associated with larger Lombard effect. Conclusions For late bilinguals, the reliance on auditory feedback control is heavier in L2 than in L1 production. We empirically supported a relation between speech fluency and the relative weighting of auditory feedback control, and provided the first evidence for the production–perception link in L2 speech motor control.

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